The R Project SVN R

\name{scale}
\title{Scaling and Centering of Matrices}
\usage{
scale(x, center=TRUE, scale=TRUE)
}
\alias{scale}
\arguments{
\item{x}{a numeric matrix.}
\item{center}{either a logical value
or a numeric vector of length equal to the
number of columns of \code{x}.}
\item{scale}{either a logical value
or a numeric vector of length equal to the
number of columns of \code{x}.}
}
\details{
  Center and/or scale the columns of a numeric matrix.
}
\details{
  The value of \code{center} determines how column
  centering is performed.
  If \code{center} is a numeric vector with length
  equal to the number of columns of \code{x}, then
  each column of \code{x} has the corresponding value
  from \code{center} subtracted from it.
  If \code{center} is \code{TRUE} then centering is
  done by subtracting the column means of \code{x}
  from their corresponding columns and if \code{center}
  is \code{FALSE}, no centering is done.

  The value of \code{scale} determines how column
  scaling is performed (after centering).
  If \code{scale} is a numeric vector with length
  equal to the number of columns of \code{x}, then
  each column of \code{x} is divided by the corresponding
  value from \code{scale}.
  If \code{scale} is \code{TRUE} then scaling is
  done by dividing the (centered) columns of
  \code{x} by their root-mean-square,
  and if \code{scale} is \code{FALSE}, no scaling is done.

  The root-mean-square for a column is obtained by computing
  the square-root of the sum-of-squares of the non-missing
  values in the column divided by the number of non-missing
  values minus one.
}
\value{
  The centered, scaled matrix.
}
\seealso{
  \code{\link{sweep}} which allows centering (and scaling) with
  arbitrary statistics.
}
\examples{
x <- matrix(1:10, nc=2)
(centered.x <- scale(x, scale=FALSE))
cov(centered.scaled.x <- scale(x))# all 1
}
\keyword{array}