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    *                        *
    *          1.4 SERIES NEWS           *
    *                        *
    **************************************************


        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.4.2


NEW FEATURES

    o   New function validSlotNames() in package methods.


BUG FIXES

    o   Insufficient information was being recorded in the display list
    for the identify() function.  In particular, the "plot="
    argument was ignored when replaying the display list. (PR#1157)

    o   The vertical alignment of mathematical annotations was wrong.
    When a vertical adjustment was not given, it was bottom-adjusting
    i.e,. it was treating adj=0 as adj=c(0, 0).  It now treats
    adj=0 as adj=c(0, 0.5) as for "normal" text. (PR#1302)

    o   the man page (doc/R.1) wasn't updated with the proper VERSION.

    o   smooth.spline() had a "df = 5" default which was never used and
    hence extraneous and misleading.

    o   read.fwf() was interpreting comment chars in its call to scan:
    replaced by a call to readlines(). (PR#1297/8)

    o   The default has been changed to scan(comment.char="") for
    consistency with earlier code (as in the previous item).

    o   bxp(*, notch.frac = f) now draws the median line correctly.

    o   Current versions of gs were rotating the output of
    bitmap(type = "pdfwrite") and when converting the output
    of postscript() to PDF; this has been circumvented by
    suppressing the %%Orientation comment for non-standard
    paper sizes.

    o   plot.ts(x, log = "y") works again when x has 0s, also for matrix x.

    o   add1(), drop1(), step() work again on glm objects with
    formulae with rhs's containing `.'.  (Broken by a `bug fix'
    (in reality an API change) in 1.2.1.)

    o   optim(method="BFGS") was not reporting reaching `maxit'
    iterations in the convergence component of the return value.

    o   aov and model.tables were failing on multistrata models with
    excessively long Error formula. (PR#1315)

    o   Transparent backgrounds on png() devices on Unix-alikes had
    been broken during the driver changes just prior to 1.4.0.
    (They worked correctly on Windows.)

    o   demo(is.things) didn't work properly when the methods package was
    attached.


        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.4.1


BUG FIXES

    o   scan(multi.line = FALSE) now always gives an immediate error
    message if a line is incomplete. (As requested in PR#1210)

    o   read.table() is no longer very slow in processing comments:
    moved to C code and fewer lines checked.

    o   type.convert() could give stack imbalance warnings if used
    with as.is = TRUE.

    o   predict.mlm ignored newdata (PR#1226) and also offsets.

    o   demo(tkttest) was inadvertently changed in 1.4.0 so that it would
    evaluate the requested test, but not display the result.

    o   stars(scale = TRUE) (the default) now works as documented (and
    as S does).  Previously it only scaled the maximum to 1. (PR#1230)

    o   d0 <- data.frame(a = 0); data.matrix(d0[0, 0]) and
    data.matrix(d0[, 0]) now work.

    o   plot(multiple time series, plot.type = "single") was computing
    `ylim' from the first series only.

    o   plot.acf() has a new `xpd = par("xpd")' argument which by default
    *does* clipping (of the horizontal lines) as desired (xpd = NA was
    used before, erronously in most cases).

    o   predict(smooth.spline(.), deriv = 1) now works.

    o   identify() failed when x is a structure/matrix. (PR#1238)

    o   getMethod() returns NULL when optional=TRUE as promised in the
    documentation.

    o   setMethod() allows "..." to be one of the arguments omitted in
    the method definition (but so far no check for ... being missing)

    o   Allow round() to work again on very large numbers (introduced
    in fixing PR#1138). (PR#1254)

    o   Rinternals.h is now accepted by a C++ compiler.

    o   type.convert() was failing to detect integer overflow.

    o   piechart() was defaulting to foreground colour (black) fills
    rather than background (as used in 1.3.1 and earlier).  Now
    background is used, but be aware that as from 1.4.0 this may
    be transparent.

    o   La.eigen(*, only.values=TRUE) does not segfault anymore in one
    branch (PR#1262).

    o   cut() now produces correct default labels even when
    include.lowest = TRUE (PR#1263).

    o   reformulate() works properly with a response.

    o   cmdscale(*, k = 1) now works properly.

    o   Options by = "month" and "year" to seq.POSIXt() will always
    take account of changes to/from daylight savings time: this
    was not working on some platforms.

    o   glm.fit.null() now accepts all the arguments of glm.fit() (it
    could be called from glm.fit with arguments it did not
    accept), and is now documented.

    o   cov.wt(cbind(1), cor = TRUE) now works.

    o   predict(glm.object, se.fit = TRUE) was failing if the fit
    involved an offset.

    o   detach() on package:base would crash R. (PR#1271)

    o   print or summary on a manova() object with no terms, no names on
    the response and intercept = FALSE (which is not sensible)
    would give an error.

    o   seek() on file connections was ignoring the `origin' argument.

    o   Fixed new environment handling in library() to avoid forcing
    promises created by delay()

    o   arima0() could leak memory: now released via on.exit().

    o   qr.coef(qr,*) now keeps the names of qr$qr.

    o   read.00Index() no longer fails on data indexes not generated by
    Rdindex (PR#1274).


        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.4.0


USER-VISIBLE CHANGES

    [This is a new section to highlight changes in behaviour, which
    may be given in more detail in the following sections.
    Many bug fixes are also user-visible changes.]

    o   The default save format has been changed, so saved workspaces
    and objects cannot (by default) be read in earlier versions of R.

    o   The number of bins selected by default in a histogram uses
    the correct version of Sturges' formula and will usually be
    one larger.

    o   data.frame() no longer converts logical arguments to factors
    (following S4 rather than S3).

    o   read.table() has new arguments `nrows' and `colClasses'.  If the
    latter is NA (the default), conversion is attempted to
    logical, integer, numeric or complex, not just to numeric.

    o   model.matrix() treats logical variables as a factors with
    levels c(FALSE, TRUE) (rather than 0-1 valued numerical
    variables).  This makes R compatible with all S versions.

    o   Transparency is now supported on most graphics devices.
    This means that using par("bg"), for example in legend(), will
    by default give a transparent rather than opaque background.

    o   [dpqr]gamma now has third argument `rate' for S-compatibility
    (and for compatibility with exponentials).  Calls which use
    positional matching may need to be altered.

    o   The meaning of spar = 0 in smooth.spline() has changed.

    o   substring() and substring()<- do nothing silently on a
    character vector of length 0, rather than generating an
    error.  This is consistent with other functions and with S.

    o   For compatibility with S4, any arithmetic operation using a
    zero-length vector has a zero-length result.  (This was
    already true for logical operations, which were compatible
    with S4 rather than S3.)

    o   undoc() and codoc() have been moved to the new package `tools'.

    o   The name of the site profile now defaults to
    `R_HOME/etc/Rprofile.site'.

    o   The startup process for setting environment variables now first
    searches for a site environment file (given by the environment
    variable `R_ENVIRON' if set or `R_HOME/etc/Renviron.site' if
    not), *and* then for a user `.Renviron' file in the current or
    the user's home directory.

    o   Former stars(*, colors = v) must now be stars(*, col.segments = v).

    o   The default methods for La.svd and La.eigen have changed and
    so there may be sign changes in singular/eigen vectors,
    including in cancor, cmdscale, factanal, princomp and varimax.


NEW FEATURES

    o   Transparency is now supported on most graphics devices.
    Internally colors include an alpha channel for opacity, but at
    present there is only visible support for transparent/opaque.
    The new color "transparent" (or NA or "NA") is transparent,
    and is the default background color for most devices.  Those
    devices (postscript, XFig, PDF, Windows metafile and printer)
    that previously treated bg = "white" as transparent now have
    "transparent" as the default and will actually print "white".
    (NB: you may have bg = "white" saved in .Postscript.options in
    your workspace.)

    o   A package `methods' has been added, containing formal classes
    and methods ("S4" methods), implementing the description in
    the book "Programming with Data".  See "?Methods" and the
    references there for more information.

    - In support of this, the "@" operator has been added to the
      grammar.

    - Method dispatch for formal methods (the standardGeneric
      function), is now a primitive. Aside from efficiency issues,
      this allows S3-style generics to also have formal methods
      (not really recommended in the long run, but it should at
      least work).  The C-level dispatch is now implemented for
      primitives that use either DispatchGroup or DispatchOrEval
      internally.

    - A version of the function "plot" in the methods package has
      arguments "x" and "y", to allow methods for either or both.
      See "?setMethod" for examples of such methods.

    - The methods package now uses C-level code (from within
      DispatchOrEval) to dispatch any methods defined for
      primitive functions.  As with S3-style methods, methods can
      only be defined if the first argument satisfies is.object(x)
      (not strictly required for formal methods, but imposed for
      now for simplicity and efficiency).

    o   Changes to the tcltk package:

    - New interface for accessing Tcl variables, effectively
      making the R representations lexically scoped. The old form
      is being deprecated.

    - Callbacks can now be expressions, with slightly unorthodox
      semantics. In particular this allows bindings to contain
      "break" expressions (this is necessary to bind code to
      e.g. Alt-x without having the key combination also insert an
      "x" in a text widget.)

    - A bunch of file handling and dialog functions (previously
      only available via tkcmd) have been added

    o   The "?" operator is now an actual function.  It can be used
    (as always) as a unary operator (?plot) and the grammar now
    allows it as a binary operator, planned to allow
    differentiating documentation on the same name but different
    type (class?matrix, for example).  So far, no such
    documentation exists.

    o   New methods AIC.default() and logLik.glm(), also fixing
    AIC(<glm obj>).

    o   axis.POSIXct() allows the label date/times to be specified
    via the new `at' argument.

    o   arrows() now allows length = 0 (and draws no arrowheads).

    o   Modifications to the access functions for more consistency with S:
    arguments `name', `pos' and `where' are more flexible in
    assign(), exists(), get(), ls(), objects(), remove() and rm().

    o   Three new primitive functions have been added to base:
    dataClass(), objWithClass(), and as.environment().  The first two
    are support routines for class() and class<-() in package
    methods.  The third replaces pos.to.env() in the functions get(),
    exists(), and friends.

    o   barplot() now respects an inline `cex.axis' argument and has a
    separate `cex.names' argument so names and the numeric axis
    labels can be scaled separately.  Also, graphics parameters
    intended for axis() such as `las' can now be used.

    o   Shading by lines added to functions barplot(), hist(),
    legend(), piechart(), polygon() and rect().

    o   bxp() has a show.names argument allowing labels on a single
    boxplot; it and hence boxplot() now makes use of pch, cex, and bg
    for outlier points().

    bxp() and boxplot() also have an argument `outline' to suppress
    outlier drawing {S-PLUS compatibly}.

    o   New capabilities() options "GNOME" and "IEEE754".

    o   New function casefold(), a wrapper for tolower/toupper
    provided for compatibility with S-PLUS.

    o   contour() is now generic.

    o   cor.test() in package ctest now also gives an asymptotic
    confidence interval for the Pearson product moment correlation
    coefficient.

    o   data(), demo() and library() now also return the information
    about available data sets, demos or packages.  Similarly,
    help.search() returns its results.

    o   density() allows `bw' or `width' to specify a rule to choose the
    bandwidth, and rules "nrd0" (the previous default), "nrd",
    "ucv", "bcv", "SJ-ste" and "SJ-dpi" are supplied (based on
    functions in package MASS).

    o   df.residual() now has a default method, used for classes
    "lm" and "glm".

    o   New argument `cacheOK' to download.file() to request cache
    flushing.

    All methods for download.file() do tilde-expansion on the path
    name.

    The internal download.file() etc now allow URLs of the form
    ftp://user@foo.bar/ and ftp://user:pass@foo.bar/

    o   duplicated() and unique() are now generic functions with
    methods for data frames (as well as atomic vectors).

    o   factanal() and princomp() use napredict() on their scores, so
    na.action = na.exclude is supported.

    o   Function getNativeSymbolInfo() returns details about a native
    routine, potentially including its address, the library in
    which it is located, the interface by which it can be called
    and the number of parameters.

    o   Functions such as help() which perform library or package index
    searches now use NULL as default for their `lib.loc' argument so
    that missingness can be propagated more easily.  The default
    corresponds to all currently known libraries as before.

    o   Added function file.rename().

    o   hist.default() allows `breaks' to specify a rule to choose the
    number of classes, and rules "Sturges" (the previous default),
    "Scott" and "FD" (Freedman-Diaconis) are supplied (based on
    package MASS).

    o   Function identical(), a fast and reliable way to test for exact
    equality of two objects.

    o   New generic function is.na<-(), from S4.  This is by default
    equivalent to x[value] <- NA but may differ, e.g. for factors
    where "NA" is a level.

    o   is.xxx reached through do_is are now generic.

    o   La.eigen() and La.svd() have new default methods to use later
    (and often much faster) LAPACK routines.  The difference
    is most noticeable on systems with optimized BLAS libraries.

    o   length() is now generic.

    o   New function .libPaths() for getting or setting the paths to the
    library trees R knows about.  This is still stored in .lib.loc,
    which however should no longer be accessed directly.

    o   Using lm/glm/... with `data' a matrix rather than a data frame
    now gives a specific error message.

    o   loess(), lqs(), nls() and ppr() use the standard NA-handling
    and so support na.action = na.exclude.

    o   mahalanobis() now has a `tol' argument to be passed to solve().

    o   mean() has `data frame' method applying mean column-by-column.
    When applied to non-numeric data mean() now returns NA rather
    than a confusing error message (for compatibility with S4).
    Logicals are still coerced to numeric.

    o   The formula interface to mosaicplot() now allows a contingency
    table as data argument.

    o   new.env() is now internal and allows you to set hashing. Also,
    parent.env() and parent.env<-() are included to provide direct
    access to setting and retrieving environments.

    o   Function nsl() to look up IP addresses of hosts: intended as
    a way to test for internet connectivity.

    o   Ops(), cbind(), diff() and na.omit() methods for time series
    objects moved from package ts to package base.

    o   New option `download.file.method' can be used to set the
    default method for download.file() and functions which use it
    such as update.packages().

    o   order() and sort.list() now implement na.last = FALSE, NA.

    o   Started work on new package management system: packageStatus()
    and friends.

    o   page() has a new `method' argument allowing `method = print'.

    o   png(), jpeg() and bmp() devices now have a `bg' argument to
    set the background color: useful to set "transparent" on png().

    o   Changes to the postscript() device:

    - The symbol font can now be set on a postscript() device, and
      support has been added for using Computer Modern type-1
      fonts (including for symbols). (Contributed by Brian D'Urso.)

    - There is now support for URW font families: this will give
      access to more characters and more appropriate metrics on
      PostScript devices using URW fonts (such as ghostscript).

    - %%IncludeResource comments have been added to the output.
      (Contributed by Brian D'Urso.)

    o   predict.ppr() now predicts on `newdata' containing NAs.

    o   princomp() now has a formula interface.

    o   readChar() now returns what is available if fewer characters
    than requested are on the file.

    o   readline() allows up to 256 chars for the prompt.

    o   read.table(), scan() and count.fields() have a new argument
    `comment.char', default `#', that can be used to start
    comments on a line.

    o   New function reg.finalizer() to provide R interface to
    finalization.

    o   reshape() extends reshapeLong, reshapeWide, which are deprecated.

    o   rle() now returns a classed object, has a print method and
    an inverse.

    o   Changes to save() and friends:

    - save() now takes an envir argument for specifying where
      items to be saved are to be found.

    - A new default format for saved workspaces has been
      introduced.  This format provides support for some new
      internal data types, produces smaller save files when saving
      code, and provides a basis for a more flexible serialization
      mechanism.

    - Modified `save' internals to improve performance when saving
      large collections of code.

    - save() and save.image() now take a `version' argument to
      specify the workspace file-format version to use.  The
      version used from R 0.99.0 to 1.3.1 is version 1.  The new
      default format is version 2.  load() can read a version 2
      saved workspace if it is compressed.

    - save() and save.image() now take a `compress' argument to
      specify that the saved image should be written using the zlib
      compression facilities.

    - save.image() now takes an argument `ascii'.

    - save.image() now takes an argument `safe'.  If TRUE, the
      default, a temporary file is used for creating the saved
      workspace.  The temporary file is renamed if the save
      succeeds.  This preserves an existing workspace if the save
      fails, but at the cost of using extra disk space during the
      save.

    - save.image() default arguments can be specified in the
      `save.image.defaults' option.  These specifications are used
      when save.image() is called from q() or GUI analogs.


    o   scan() allows unlimited (by R) lengths of input lines, instead
    of a limit of 8190 chars.

    o   smooth.spline() has a new `control.spar' argument and returns
    `lambda' besides `spar'.  spar <= 0 is now valid and allows
    to go more closely towards interpolation (lambda -> 0) than before.
    This also fixes smooth.spline() behavior for "df ~= n - 2". Better
    error messages in several situations.

    Note that spar = 0 is no longer the default and no longer entails
    cross-validation.

    o   stars() has been enhanced; new `mar' argument uses smaller
    mar(gins) by default; further `nrow and `ncol' as S-PLUS,
    `frame.plot', `flip.labels', `lty' and explicit `main', `sub',
    `xlab' and `ylab'.  Note that `colors' has been replaced by
    `col.segments' and there's a new `col.stars'.

    stars() now returns the locations invisibly.

    o   step() is now closer to stepAIC() and so handles a wider range
    of objects (but stepAIC [in MASS] is still more powerful).

    o   symbols() now has automatic xlab and ylab and a main argument
    which eliminates an incorrect warning.  It better checks wrongly
    scaled arguments.

    o   Sys.setlocale() now issues a warning if it fails.

    o   An enhanced function type.convert() is now a documented
    function, rather than just internal to read.table().

    o   warning() allows multiple arguments, following S4's style.

    o   New function with() for evaluating expressions in environments
    constructed from data.

    o   Unix x11() devices can now have a canvas color set, which can
    help to distinguish plotting "white" from plotting
    "transparent".

    o   On Unix, X11(), png() and jpeg() now give informative warnings
    if they fail to open the device.


    o   The startup processing now interprets escapes in the values of
    environment variables set in R_HOME/etc/Renviron in a similar
    way to most shells.

    o   The operator "=" is now allowed as an assignment
    operator in the grammar, for consistency with other languages,
    including recent versions of S-Plus.  Assignments with "=" are
    basically allowed only at top-level and in braced or
    parenthesized expressions, to make famous errors such as
    "if(x=0) 1 else 2" illegal in the grammar.
    (There is a plan to gradually eliminate the underscore as an
    assignment in future versions of R.)

    o   Finalizers can be registered to be run on system exit for both
    reachable and unreachable objects.

    o   integer addition, subtraction, and multiplication now return NA's
    on overflow and issue a warning.

    o   Printing factors with both level "NA" and missing values
    uses `<NA>' for the missing values to distinguish them.

    o   Added an experimental interface for locking environments and
    individual bindings.  Also added support for "active bindings"
    that link a variable to a function (useful for example for linking
    an R variable to an internal C global).

    o   GNOME interface now has separate colours for input and output
    text (like the windows GUI). These can be modified via the
    properties dialogue.

    o   Output from the GNOME console is block buffered for increased
    speed

    o   The GNOME console inherits standard emacs-style keyboard
    shortcuts from the GtkText widget for cursor motion, editing
    and selection.  These have been modified to allow for the prompt
    at the beginning of the command line.

    o   One can register R functions and C routines to be called at the
    end of the successful evaluation of each top-level expression,
    for example to perform auto-saves, update displays, etc. See
    addTaskCallback() and taskCallbackManager(). See
    http://developer.r-project.org/TaskHandlers.pdf.


DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT

    o   .Alias has been removed from all R sources and deprecated.

    o   reshapeLong(), reshapeWide() are deprecated in favour of reshape().

    o   Previously deprecated functions read.table.url(), scan.url(),
    source.url(), httpclient() and parse.dcf() are defunct.
    Method "socket" for download.file() no longer exists.


DOCUMENTATION CHANGES

    o   `Writing R Extensions' has a new chapter on generic/method
    functions.


UTILITIES

    o   New package `tools' for package development and administration
    tools, containing the QA tools checkFF(), codoc() and undoc()
    previously in package base, as well as the following new ones:

    -  checkAssignFuns() for checking whether the final argument of
       assignment functions in a package is named `value'.

    -  checkDocArgs() for checking whether all arguments shown in
       \usage of Rd files are documented in the corresponding
       \arguments.

    -  checkMethods() for checking whether all methods defined in a
       package have all arguments of their generic.

    -  checkTnF() for finding expressions containing the symbols `T'
       and `F'.

    o   R CMD Rd2dvi has more convenient defaults for its output file.

    o   R CMD check now also fully checks the Depends field in the
    package DESCRIPTION file.  It also tests for syntax errors in
    the R code, whether all methods in the code have all arguments
    of the corresponding generic, for arguments shown in \usage but
    not documented in \arguments, and whether assignment functions
    have their final argument named `value'.


C-LEVEL FACILITIES

    o   arraySubscript and vectorSubscript are now available to package
    users.  All "array-like" packages can use a standard method for
    calculating subscripts.

    o   The C routine type2symbol, similar to type2str, returns a symbol
    corresponding to the type supplied as an argument.

    o   The macro SHLIB_EXT now includes `.', e.g. ".so" or ".dll",
    since the Mac uses "Lib" without a `.'.

    o   New Fortran entry points rwarn() and rexit() for warnings and
    error exits from compiled Fortran code.

    o   A new serialization mechanism is available that can be used to
    serialize R objects to connections or to strings.  This
    mechanism is used for the version 2 save format.  For now,
    only an internal C interface is available.

    o   R_tryEval() added for evaluating expressions from C code with
    errors handled but guaranteed to return to the calling C
    routine. This is used in embedding R in other applications and
    languages.

    o   Support for attach()'ing user-defined tables of variables
    is available and accessed via the RObjectTables package
    currently at http://www.omegahat.org/RObjectTables.


BUG FIXES

    o   Fixed share/perl/massage-examples.pl to detect instances of
    par() at the very start of a line.

    o   Fixed Pearson residuals for glms with non-canonical
    link.(PR#1123). Fixed them again for weights (PR#1175).

    o   Fixed an inconsistency in the evaluation context for on.exit
    expressions between explicit calls to `return' and falling off
    the end returns.

    o   The code in model.matrix.default() handling contrasts was
    assuming a response was present, and so without a response was
    failing to record the contrasts for the first variable if it
    was a factor.

    o   diffinv() could get the time base wrong in some cases.

    o   file.append() was opening all files in text mode: mattered
    on Windows and classic Macintosh. (PR#1085)

    o   f[] <- g  now works for factor f.

    o   substr<-() was misbehaving if the replacement was too short.

    o   The version of `packages.html' generated when building R or
    installing packages had an incorrect link to the style sheet.
    The version used by help.start() was correct. (PR#1090)

    o   rowsum() now gives character (not factor codes) as rownames.
    (PR#1092)

    o   plot.POSIX[cl]t now respect the `xaxt' parameter.

    o   It is now possible to predict from an intercept-only model:
    previously model.matrix.default() objected to a 0-column
    model frame.

    o   c.POSIXct was not setting the right classes in 1.3.x.

    o   cor(*, use = "all.obs") <= 1 is now guaranteed which ensures
    that sqrt(1 - r^2) is always ok in cor.test(). (PR#1099)

    o   anova.glm() had a missing drop=FALSE and so failed for some
    intercept-less models.

    o   predict.arima0() now accepts vector as well as matrix
    `newxreg' arguments.

    o   cbind(d,f) now works for 0-column dataframes. This fixes PR#1102.

    o   plot(ts(0:99), log = "y") now works

    o   method "gnudoit" of bug.report() was incorrectly documented as
    "gnuclient" (PR#1108)

    o   saving with ascii=TRUE mangled backslashes. (PR#1115)

    o   frac(,) {and others} now adds a gap appropriately. (PR#1101)

    o   logLik.lm() now uses the correct "df" (nlme legacy code).

    o   closeAllConnections() works again, and closes all sink() diversions.

    o   sink(type="message") works again.

    o   sink.number was (accidentally) returning the result invisibly.

    o   as.POSIXct("NA") (or ..lt) now work; hence, merge(*, all=TRUE) now
    works with dataframes containing POSIXt date columns.

    o   integer(2^30+1) and similar ones do not segfault anymore but duly
    report allocation errors.

    o   seq(0, 0, 1) now works (PR#1133).

    o   reshapeWide() got it wrong if the "i" factor was not sorted (the
    function is now deprecated since reshape() is there, but the bug
    still needed fixing...)

    o   PR#757 was fixed incorrectly, causing improper subsetting of
    pch etc. in plot.formula().

    o   library() no longer removes environments of functions that are
    not defined in the top-level package scope.  Also, packages
    loaded by require() when sourcing package code are now visible
    in the remaining source evaluations.

    o   names(d) <- v  now works (again) for "dist" objects d. (PR#1129)

    o   Workarounds for problems with incompletely specified date-times
    in strptime() which were seen only on glibc-based systems
    (PR#1155).

    o   promax() was returning the wrong rotation matrix. (PR#1146)

    o   The [pqr]signrank and [pqr]wilcox functions failed to check that
    memory has been allocated (PR#1149), and had (often large)
    memory leaks if interrupted.  They now can be interrupted on
    Windows and MacOS and don't leak memory.

    o   range(numeric(0)) is now c(NA, NA) not NA.

    o   round(x, digits) for digits <= 0 always gives an integral
    answer.  Previously it might not due to rounding errors in
    fround. (PR#1138/9)

    o   Several memory leaks on interrupting functions have been
    circumvented.  Functions lqs() and mve() can now be
    interrupted on Windows and MacOS.

    o   image() was finding incorrect breakpoints from
    irregularly-spaced midpoints. (PR#1160)

    o   Use fuzz in the 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in package
    ctest to avoid rounding errors (PR#1004, follow-up).

    o   Use exact Hodges-Lehmann estimators for the Wilcoxon tests in
    package ctest (PR#1150).

    o   Arithmetic which coerced types could lose the class
    information, for example `table - real' had a class attribute
    but was not treated as a classed object.

    o   Internal ftp client could crash R under error conditions such
    as failing to parse the URL.

    o   Internal clipping code for circles could attempt to allocate
    a vector of length -1 (related to PR#1174)

    o   The hash function used internally in match(), unique() and
    duplicated() was very inefficient for integers stored as
    numeric, on little-endian chips.  It was failing to hash the
    imaginary part of complex numbers.

    o   fifo() no longer tries to truncate on opening in modes
    including "w". (Caused the fifo example to fail on HP-UX.)

    o   Output over 1024 characters was discarded from the GNOME
    console.

    o   rug() now correctly warns about clipped values also for logarithmic
    axes and has a `quiet' argument for suppressing these (PR#1188).

    o   model.matrix.default was not handling correctly contrasts.arg
    which did not supply a full set of contrasts (PR#1187).

    o   The `width' argument of density() was only compatible with S
    for a Gaussian kernel: now it is compatible in all cases.

    o   The rbinom() C code had a transcription error from the original
    Fortran which led to a small deviation from the intended
    distribution. (PR#1190)

    o   pt(t, , ncp=0) was wrong if t was +/-Inf.

    o   Subsetting grouping factors gave incorrect degrees of freedom
    for some tests in package ctests. (PR#1124)

    o   writeBin() had a memory leak.

    o   qbeta(0.25, 0.143891, 0.05) was (incorrectly) 3e-308. (PR#1201)

    o   Fixed alignment problem in ppr.f on Irix. (PR#1002, 1026)

    o   glm() failed on null binomial models. (PR#1216)

    o   La.svd() with nu = 0 or nv = 0 could fail as the matrix passed
    to DGESVD was not of dimension at least one (it was a vector).

    o   Rownames in xcoef and ycoef of cancor() were wrong if x or y
    was rank-deficient.

    o   lqs() could give warnings if there was an exact fit. (PR#1184)

    o   aov() didn't find free-floating variables for Error() terms when
    called from inside another function

    o   write.table() failed if asked to quote a numerical matrix with
    no row names. (PR#1219)

    o   rlnorm( *, *, sd=0) now returns the mean,
    rnbinom(*, *, prob=1) gives 0, (PR#1218).


    **************************************************
    *                        *
    *          1.3 SERIES NEWS           *
    *                        *
    **************************************************


        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.3.1


NEW FEATURES

    o   massage-examples is now a Perl script and about 50x faster.

    o   On Unix(-alike) systems the default pager is now determined
    during configuration, and is `less' if available, otherwise
    `more' (and not `more -s' as previously).

    o   configure now tests for strptime functions that fail on inputs
    before 1970 (found on Irix).  It no longer checks for the SCSL
    and SGIMATH libraries on Irix.

    o   New formula interface to cor.test() in package ctest.

    o   "NA" is now a valid color name (as NA has been a valid integer
    color).

    o   pairs() function has a new `gap' argument for adjusting the
    spacing between panels.

    o   R CMD check has a new test for unbalanced braces in Rd files.

    o   readBin() has a new argument `signed' to simplify reading
    unsigned 8- and 16-bit integers.

    o   New capabilities() option "cledit".

    o   Modified restore code to give clearer error messages in some cases.



BUG FIXES

    o   Fixed placement of mtext() output (including tick labels)
    when text is perpendicular to axis AND axis is logged
    (PR#997 and PR#865).

    o   rect() and arrows() now respond to setting of par(xpd)

    o   abline() now responds to the setting of par(xpd), including
    via the "..." argument (PR#750).

    o   Using cat() to a gzfile() connection no longer compresses poorly
    (at the expense of some latency).

    o   The `exact' p-values for the two-sided two-sample
    Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in 1.3.0 were for the wrong tail.

    o   In the HTML conversion of .Rd files, \link[foo]{bar} was
    ignoring [foo] outside \code{} statements.

    o   lm.influence(), plot.lm(), influence.measures() and the
    related diagnostic measures now handle lm() fits with
    na.action=na.exclude.

    o   Eliminated segmentation fault in while loops without braces
    in their bodies.

    o   barplot did not accept NA heights unless ylim was specified.

    o   predict.lm() failed with single-column model matrix (PR#1018).

    o   legend() now also works with 100s of entries (thanks to
    M. Schlather).

    o   A long-standing bug leading to inaccuracy in polyroot() has been
    fixed (PR#751)

    o   A very old bug with eval() not handling a numeric `envir' argument
    according to specifications has been fixed. [This in particular
    broke ported S-PLUS code that used eval(..., sys.parent())]. Also,
    eval() now checks that a numeric `envir' has length one to prevent
    accidental passing of matrices instead of data frames.

    o   The C code underlying nlm(f, *) now also works correctly when f(x)
    returns +Inf {nlm() itself *did* work!}.

    o   pdfcolor.tex is now included in doc/manual, as pdftex seems no
    longer to include it.

    o   Fixed protect bug in save() code that might have been responsible
    for occasionally saving corrupted workspaces.

    o   capabilities("X11") now reports if X11 is available in this
    session, thereby giving the correct answer if --gui=none was
    specified.

    o   Rd files with ,, inside \code{} were treating this as a
    ligature in LaTeX: now corrected in Rdconv.

    o   dlopen on Compaq Tru64 was finding the wrong entry points:
    worked-around by using different names in the modules.

    o   plot.mts() allows a type argument again (broken in 1.3.0: PR#1010).

    o   scan() has a limit of 8190 on the length of char strings, and
    now warns if it is exceeded (when the string has always been
    truncated).

    o   par adj now accepts values of integer mode (such as text(adj=0:1)).

    o   horizontal adj values outside the range [0, 1] are now
    supported on devices with canHAdj==1 (Windows devices, xfig).

    o   xtabs() without a response was ignoring drop.unused.levels=TRUE.

    o   readLines(ok=FALSE) was not generating an error when it should.

    o   princomp(covmat=) has been broken.

    o   Many documentation clean-ups: formerly undocumented arguments,
    use of T/F rather than TRUE/FALSE.

    o   df[] <- foo now works for data frames (PR#1047).

    o   nargs() was documented incorrectly.

    o   Using seq.POSIXt(by="2 weeks") was stepping by single weeks
    (PR#1046).

    o   dummy.coef.lm was not handling complex terms like z:I(x).
    It now either does or warns and gives NAs (PR#1048).

    o   predict.mlm() was broken (PR#1049).

    o   ksmooth (in package modreg) was using points to the left
    of the kernel under some circumstances (PR#1050).

    o   attr(x, "class") <- character(0) was segfaulting.  Similar problem
    with "comment" attribute also fixed.

    o   loadings() results from PCA (as well as from factor analysis)
    are now printed by print.loadings.

    o   Using chol() on an non-positive-definite matrix gave an
    misleading error message (PR#1061).

    o   as.character() on a language object was truncating to about 70
    characters: the internal limit (from the deparse code) is now the
    maximum possible 500.

    o   X11() device was failing to re-initialize correctly after all
    devices were shut down, so the colortype could not be changed
    and some systems showed protocol errors. (PR#1065)

    o   Converting Inf and NaN values by as.character() and reading by
    scan() was supported by strtod on some platforms and not
    others: these are now handled by R itself. (PR#1072)

    o   hclust(dist(1)) doesn't loop infinitely but signal an error.

    o   cutree() can now cut outside heights and does not return
    garbage for h >= max(tree$heights) anymore. (PR#1067)

    o   interaction(...,drop=F) returned an object looking like a
    factor, but with storage mode "double", confusing
    model.matrix.default (PR#1003)

    o   splineDesign(*, ord=) and others give better error messages for
    wrong `ord' (and have slightly improved documentation).


        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.3.0


NEW FEATURES

    o   Changes to connections:

    -  New function url() to read from URLs.  file() will also
       accept URL specifications, as will all the functions which
       use it.

    -  file connections can now be opened for both reading and writing.

    -  Anonymous file connections (via file()) are now supported.

    -  New function gzfile() to read from / write to compressed files.

    -  New function fifo() for connections to / from fifos (on Unix).

    -  Text input from file, pipe, fifo, gzfile and url connections
       can be read with a user-specified encoding.

    -  New functions readChar() and writeChar() to read character
       strings with known lengths and no terminators, and to write
       user-specified lengths from strings.

    -  sink() now has a stack of output connections, following S4.

    -  sink() can also be applied to the message stream, to capture
       error messages to a connection.  Use carefully!

    -  seek() has a new `origin' argument.

    -  New function truncate() to truncate a connection open for
       writing at the current position.

    -  Socket connections via function socketConnection().

    -  The `blocking' argument for file, fifo  and socket connections
       is now operational.

    o   Changes to date/time classes and functions:

    -  Date/time objects now all inherit from class "POSIXt".

    -  New function difftime() and corresponding class for date/time
       differences, and a round() method.

    -  Subtraction and logical comparison of objects from different
       date/time classes is now supported.  NB: the format for the
       difference of two objects of the same date/time class has
       changed, but only for objects generated by this version, not
       those generated by earlier ones.

    -  Methods for cut(), seq(), round() and trunc() for date/time
       classes.

    -  Convenience generic functions weekdays(), months(), quarters()
       and julian() with methods for "POSIXt" objects.

    o   Coercion from real to integer now gives NA for out-of-range
    values, rather than the most extreme integer of the same sign.

    o   The Ansari-Bradley, Bartlett, Fligner-Killeen, Friedman,
    Kruskal-Wallis, Mood, Quade, t, and Wilcoxon tests as well as
    var.test() in package ctest now have formula interfaces.

    o   Matrix multiplication functions %*% and crossprod() now use a
    level-3 BLAS routine dgemm.  When R is linked with the ATLAS
    or other enhanced BLAS libraries this can be substantially
    faster than the previous code.

    o   New functions La.eigen() and La.svd() for eigenvector and
    singular value decompositions, based on LAPACK.  These are
    preferred to eigen() and svd() for new projects and can make
    use of enhanced BLAS routines such as ATLAS.  They are
    used in cancor(), cmdscale(), factanal() and princomp()
    and this may lead to sign reversals in some of the output of
    those functions.

    o   Provided the Fortran compiler can handle COMPLEX*16, the
    following routines now handle complex arguments, based on
    LAPACK code.

    qr, qr.coef, qr.solve, qr.qy, qr.qty, solve.default, svd, La.svd.



    o   aperm() uses strides in the internal C code and so is
    substantially faster (by Jonathan Rougier).

    o   The four bessel[IJKY](x,nu) functions are now defined for nu < 0.

    o   [dpqr]nbinom also accept an alternative parametrization via the
    mean and the dispersion parameter (thanks to Ben Bolker).

    o   Generalised "birthday paradox" functions [pq]birthday.

    o   boxplot() and bxp() have a new argument `at'

    o   New function capabilities() to report optional capabilities
    such as jpeg, png, tcltk, gzfile and url support.

    o   New function checkFF() for checking foreign function calls.

    o   New function col2rgb() for color conversion of names, hex, or
    integer.

    o   coplot() has a new argument `bar.bg' (color of conditioning bars),
    gives nicer plots when the conditioners are factors, and allows
    factors for x and y (treated almost as if unclass()ed) using new
    argument `axlabels'.  [original ideas by Thomas Baummann]

    o   `hessian' argument added to deriv() and its methods.  A new function
    deriv3() provides identical capabilities to deriv() except that
    `hessian' is TRUE by default.
    deriv(*, *, func = TRUE) for convenience.

    o   New dev.interactive() function, useful for setting defaults for
    par(ask=*) in multifigure plots.

    o   dist() in package mva can now handle missing values, and
    zeroes in the Canberra distance.

    o   The default method for download.file() (and functions which use
    it such as update.packages()) is now "internal", and uses code
    compiled into R.

    o   eigen() tests for symmetry with a numerical tolerance.

    o   New function formatDL() for formatting description lists.

    o   New argument `nsmall' to format.default(), for S-PLUS
    compatibility (and used in various packages).

    o   ?/help() now advertises help.search() if it fails to find a topic.

    o   image() is now a generic function.

    o   New function integrate() with S-compatible call.

    o   New function is.unsorted() the C version of which also speeds up
    .Internal(sort()) for sorted input.

    o   is.loaded() accepts an argument PACKAGE to search within
    a specific DLL/shared library.

    o   Exact p-values are available for the two-sided two-sample
    Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

    o   lm() now passes `...' to the low level functions for regression
    fitting.

    o   Generic functions logLik() and AIC() moved from packages nls
    and nlme to base, as well as their *.lm methods.

    o   New components in .Machine give the sizes of long, long long and
    long double C types (or 0 if they do not exist).

    o   merge.data.frame() has new arguments, `all[.xy]' and `suffixes',
    for S compatibility.

    o   model.frame() now calls na.action with the terms attribute set
    on the data frame (needed to distiguish the response, for
    example).

    o   New generic functions naresid(), napredict() and naprint()
    (formerly in packages survival5 and MASS, also used in rpart).
    Also na.exclude(), a variant on na.omit() that is handled
    differently by naresid() and napredict().

    The default, lm and glm methods for fitted, residuals, predict
    and weights make use of these.

    o   New function oneway.test() in package ctest for testing for
    equal means in a one-way layout, assuming normality but not
    necessarily equal variances.

    o   options(error) accepts a function, as an alternative to
    an expression.  (The Blue Book only allows a function; current
    S-PLUS a function or an expression.)

    o   outer() has a speed-up in the default case of a matrix outer
    product (by Jonathan Rougier).

    o   package.skeleton() helps with creating new packages.

    o   New pdf() graphics driver.

    o   persp() is now a generic function.

    o   plot.acf() makes better use of white space for `nser > 2', has
    new optional arguments and uses a much better layout when more
    than one page of plots is produced.

    o   plot.mts() has a new argument `panel' providing the same
    functionality as in coplot().

    o   postscript() allows user-specified encoding, with encoding files
    supplied for Windows, Mac, Unicode and various others, and with
    an appropriate platform-specific default.

    o   print.htest() can now handle test names that are longer than
    one line.

    o   prompt() improved for data sets, particularly non-dataframes.

    o   qqnorm() is now a generic function.

    o   read.fwf() has a new argument `n' for specifying the number of
    records (lines) read in.

    o   read.table() now uses a single pass through the dataset.

    o   rep() now handles lists (as generic vectors).

    o   scan() has a new argument `multi.line' for S compatibility,
    but the default remains the opposite of S (records can cross
    line boundaries by default).

    o   sort(x) now produces an error when x is not atomic instead of
    just returning x.

    o   split() now allows splitting on a list of factors in which case
    their interaction defines the grouping.

    o   stl() has more optional arguments for fine tuning, a summary()
    and an improved plot() method.

    o   New function strwrap() for formatting character strings into
    paragraphs.

    o   New replacement functions substr<-() and substring<-().

    o   Dataset swiss now has row names.

    o   Arguments `pkg' and `lib' of system.file() have been renamed to
    `package' and `lib.loc', respectively, to be consistent with
    related functions.  The old names are deprecated.  Argument
    `package' must now specify a single package.

    o   The Wilcoxon and Ansari-Bradley tests now return point
    estimators of the location or scale parameter of interest along
    with confidence intervals for these.

    o   New function write.dcf() for writing data in Debian Control File
    format.  parse.dcf() has been replaced by (much faster) internal
    read.dcf().

    o   Contingency tables created by xtabs() or table() now have a
    summary() method.

    o   Functions httpclient(), read.table.url(), scan.url() and
    source.url() are now deprecated, and hence method="socket' in
    download.file() is.  Use url connections instead: in
    particular URLs can be specified for read.table(), scan() and
    source().

    o   Formerly deprecated function getenv() is now defunct.

    o   Support for package-specific demo scripts (R code).  demo() now
    has new arguments to specify the location of demos and to allow
    for running base demos as part of `make check'.

    o   If not explicitly given a library tree to install to or remove
    from, respectively, R CMD INSTALL and R CMD REMOVE now operate
    on the first directory given in `R_LIBS' if this is set and
    non-null, and the default library otherwise.

    o   R CMD INSTALL and package.description() fix some common problems
    of DESCRIPTION files (blank lines, ...)

    o   The INSTALL command for package installation allows a `--save'
    option.  Using it causes a binary image of the package contents
    to be created at install time and loaded when the package is
    attached.  This saves time, but also uses a more standard way
    of source-ing the package.  Packages that do more than just
    assign object definitions may need to install with `--save'.
    Putting a file `install.R' in the package directory makes
    `--save' the default behavior.  If that file is not empty, its
    contents should be R commands executed at the end of loading
    the image.

    There is also a new command line option `--configure-vals' for
    passing variables to the configure script of a package.

    o   R CMD check now also checks the keyword entries against the list
    of standard keywords, for code/documentation mismatches (this
    can be turned off by the command line option `--no-codoc'), and
    for sufficient file permissions (Unix only).  There is a new check
    for the correct usage of library.dynam.

    It also has a new command line option `--use-gct' to use
    `gctorture(TRUE)' when running R code.

    o   R CMD Rd2dvi has better support for producing reference manuals
    for packages and package bundles.

    o   configure now tests for the versions of jpeg (>= 6b), libpng (>=
    1.0.5) and zlib (>= 1.1.3).  It no longer checks for the
    CXML/DXML BLAS libraries on Alphas.

    o   Perl scripts now use Cwd::cwd() in place of Cwd::getcwd(), as
    cwd() can be much faster.

    o   R::Dcf.pm can now also handle files with more than one record
    and checks (a little bit) for continuation lines without leading
    whitespace.

    o   New manual `R Installation and Administration' with fuller
    details on the installation process: file `INSTALL' is now a
    brief introduction referencing that manual.

    o   New keyword `internal' which can be used to hide objects that
    are not part of the API from indices like the alphabetical lists
    in the HTML help system.

    o   Under Unix, shlib modules for add-on packages are now linked
    against R as a shared library (`libR') if this exists.  (This
    allows for improved embedding of R into other applications.)

    o   New mechanism for explicitly registering native routines in a
    DLL/shared library accessible via .C(), .Call(), .Fortran() and
    .External().  This is potentially more robust than the existing
    dynamic lookup, since it checks the number of arguments, type of
    the routine.

    o   New mechanism allowing registration of C routines for converting
    R objects to C pointers in .C() calls.  Useful for references to
    data in other languages and libraries (e.g. C and hdf5).

    o   The internal ftp/http access code maintains the event loop, so
    you can download whilst running tcltk or Rggobi, say.  It can
    be hooked into package XML too.



BUG FIXES

    o   boxplot.stats() now returns the correct `n' component in the case of
    NAs. This also affects `conf', the notch length (PR#967).

    o   the "coef = 0" fix (PR#917) to boxplot.stats() broke
    boxplot.stats(do.out = FALSE).

    o   curve(* , add = FALSE) now works correctly again if used when
    par("xlog") is true.

    o   Printing a dataframe with a column called "row.names" or
    "check.names" omitted the column.

    o   data.frame(a=1, b=2)[1, -(1:2)]  now works, giving an empty
    data frame.  as.matrix(df), deparse(), dput() and str() now work
    for empty data frames.

    o   dbeta() could return zero erroneously on some platforms where
    roundoff makes e.g. 1.3 - 1 > (1.3 + 1) - 2 (Solaris and HP-UX
    were affected). (PR#970)

    o   pointer protection in deriv() (PR#953)

    o   expand.data.frame() didn't interpret its subset= argument in
    the data frame. (PR#979 et al., fix from Greg Warnes)

    o   format() on character arrays was losing the dimensions.

    o   hist.default() was ignoring its `probability' argument for
    equi-spaced breaks.

    o   Occasionally insane results of is.nan(NULL), is.na(NULL) (PR#952)

    o   ks.test() in package ctest now had the one-sided alternatives in
    the one-sample case reversed (PR#934).

    o   ls.str() and lsf.str() now work better with pos > 1, and are
    correctly documented (PR#899).

    o   plot(1:2, xaxs = "i") now gives both "1.0" and "2.0" x-axis labels.

    o   promax() was not using its `m' argument (m=4 was always used).

    o   qr.X() was ignoring pivoting (which happens only in
    rank-deficient cases).

    o   sign of Pearson residuals was wrong for reciprocal link (PR#862)

    o   The algorithm for determining starting estimates in the SSfpl
    self-starting model in the nls package was changed following a
    suggestion by Phillipe Grosjean <phgrosje@ulb.ac.be>

    o   svd(x)$v was not a matrix when x had only 1 row (PR#963).

    o   symnum(x) behaves more reasonably for zero length or non-numeric x.

    o   The implementation of sys.function() did not work when the
    current function was already a function (e.g., a closure).

    o   tapply() had "..." argument after simplify=, which made it
    incompatible with S when passing additional unnamed arguments to FUN.

    o   use formula environments in xy.coords() (PR#932)


    o   Unused entry points in `src/appl/fortran.c' and `Fortran.h'
    have been removed.

    o   Unused directory `src/f2clib' and header `src/include/R_ext/f2c.h'
    have been removed.

    o   The documentation and parts of the parse/deparse mechanism
    indicated that there was an operator `%'. Corrected (PR#925).

    o   Fixed some cases where the deparser gave code that threw a
    syntax error when parsed.

    o   Using a pushback with more than two lines at a time could crash.

    o   Eliminate or warn on use of .Last.value in help examples, since
    .Last.value is only set from top-level expressions (and was
    incorrectly documented).

    o   asInteger was ignoring integer overflow (PR#929 and others).

    o   approxfun(*, ties = <fun>) could return garbage when there were ties;
    ties = "ordered" was incorrect--also for approx()-- when there was
    a tie at the very right.


    **************************************************
    *                        *
    *          1.2 SERIES NEWS           *
    *                        *
    **************************************************


        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.2.3

NEW FEATURES

    o   Support for configuration and building the Unix version of R
    under Mac OS X.  (The `classic' Macintosh port is `Carbonized'
    and also runs under that OS.)

    o   dotchart() and stripchart() become the preferred names for
    dotplot() and stripplot(), respectively.  The old names are now
    deprecated.

    o   Functions in package ctest now consistently use +/-Inf rather
    than NA for one-sided confidence intervals.



BUG FIXES

    o   `Writing R Extensions' incorrectly described an entry point
    `fmod' which was not included in the R binary on most systems.
    The entry point has been removed, to avoid any confusion with
    the standard C entry point of the same name.

    o   Printing of kernels in package ts was unreliable: the internal
    representation was correct.

    o   A problem with "..." in substitutions has been fixed (PR#860).

    o   Various strangeness with match.call() and "..." has been fixed
    (PR#813).

    o   sys.function() could return an unevaluated promise, messing up
    formals() and match.arg() (PR#872)

    o   Deparsing or dumping attributes with non-standard names was
    not quoting the name (PR#871).

    o   We now use match.fun() in tapply() so that it won't get trapped
    by non-functions masking FUN.

    o   The `nmax' argument in scan(what=list(...), nmax=300) was
    counting blank lines, although they were said to be ignored.
    This affected using read.table on files with blank lines in
    1.2.2, and using `n' with `what' a list.

    o   as.numeric(), as.integer(), as.complex() returned zero on
    completely blank strings. Now they return NA. (PR#870)

    o   Overflow in deparse() in terms(formula) with very long left-hand
    side fixed.  (PR#873)

    o   lowess(c(1:3, 7:5)) now should give the same on different platforms,
    since now in the C code (int)(f*n + 1e-7) is used.

    o   curve(*, add = TRUE) now works properly with active log scales.

    o   rt() could give different results on different platforms as
    the order of evaluation of calls to random numbers was not
    fully defined.  This affected the Mac port.

    o   ppr() inside nested calls sometimes failed to find objects
    due to a typo in the eval call in ppr.formula.

    o   qchisq(0.025, 31, ncp=1, lower.tail=FALSE) now works.  (PR#875)

    o   dchisq with integer x, df and ncp sometimes gave incorrect
    results on i686 Linux.

    o   Cancelling a quit caused quit() not to ask next time it was called.

    o   Some complicated operations with "..." didn't work.

    o   Missingness was not correctly propagated in some cases.

    o   eigen() segfaulted on 0-dimensional matrices.

    o   nls( ~ rhs, ..)  now works (formula with empty left hand side).

    o   The fuzz added in hist() for 1.2.2 broke the logic testing for
    equidistant breakpoints.

    o   Calls to replacement functions ("f<-") lost argument names
    (PR#888).

    o   is.na() and is.nan() gave random results on lists containing
    zero-length objects.

    o   cor(), cov() and var() gave a result on a zero-length argument
    (now an error).  cov(x, NULL) and cor(x, NULL) are now errors
    if x is a vector.  (PR#883).

    o   ?smooth.spline now properly describes `spar' which is *not*
    lambda.  smooth.spline(1:20, spar = 50) gives an error instead
    of silent nonsense.  print.smooth.spline() now makes use of a
    digits argument.

    o   Confidence intervals for wilcox.test() had the samples reversed
    in the two-sided case (PR#895), and sometimes got continuity
    correction wrong (PR#896).

    o   Using out-of-range font values in text() on a postscript()
    device on Windows could crash.  .ps.prolog was incorrectly
    named in some of the documentation.  (PR#914)

    o   Warning messages of > 8191 chars could crash R (PR#902), as
    could errors.  Now they are truncated to 8191 chars on
    machines which have vsnprintf (almost all).

    o   range() now works properly for date-time objects.

    o   contour() could loop infinitely (PR#897).

    o   R-lang manual had precedence of %% wrong (PR#879).

    o   try() constructs lost protection of R_alloc'ed memory (PR#877).

    o   Documented that as.numeric() dispatches to as.double.foo methods
    (PR#918.1).

    o   httpclient() (and the "socket" method of download.file) skipped ^V
    rather than ^Z in input (if drop.ctrl.z = TRUE, the default).

    o   boxplot(*, range = 0) and boxplot.stats(*, coef = 0) now
    don't return outliers anymore (PR#917).

    o   segmentation fault with tmp[[1,]] (PR#904)

    o   incorrect "..." handling in plot.factor (PR#830)



        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.2.2


NEW FEATURES

    o   The Macintosh port becomes a full member of the R family and its
    sources are incorporated as from this release.
    See `src/macintosh/INSTALL' for how that port is built.

    o   The API header files and export files `R.exp' are released under
    LGPL rather than GPL to allow dynamically loaded code to be
    distributed under licences other than GPL.

    o   postscript() and xfig() devices now make use of genuine Adobe
    afm files, and warn if characters are used in string width or
    height calculations that are not in the afm files.

    o   Configure now uses a much expanded search list for finding a
    FORTRAN 77 compiler, and no longer disallows wrapper scripts for
    this compiler.

    o   New Rd markup \method{GENERIC}{CLASS} for indicating the usage
    of methods.

    o   print.ftable() and write.ftable() now have a `digits' argument.

    o   undoc() has a new `lib.loc' argument, and its first argument is
    now called `package'.


BUG FIXES

    o   The behaviour of polygon() with NA coordinate values is now
    documented.

    o   polygon() now correctly recycles the values of border and lty.
    Thanks to Denis White.

    o   readBin() and writeBin() were not always making good use of
    long types (such as long double) when available.

    o   The C function fprec was not handling very small denormalized
    numbers correctly.  This affected the way they were printed on
    Windows, for example.

    o   legend() now draws points after lines allowing "empty dots on
    lines" thanks to Ben Bolker.

    o   Setting row/column names preserves the names of the dimnames
    (PR#809).

    o   Using help() after help.start() on Unix was failing to find
    the linked help files if more than one package was loaded (as
    now happens by default).

    o   scan now sets the maximal sizes internally when `what' is a list
    from `nmax' and failing that `nlines'.  This uses memory much
    more efficiently if `nmax' is specified.  read.table() makes use
    of this.

    o   The FORTRAN code used is now much closer to ANSI compliance.

    o   cov.rob() gives a useful error message on nearly-degenerate
    matrices.

    o   summary() on a data frame was computing results to a precision
    based on options("digits") (default 4), not its `digits'
    argument.  Now results are computed to full precision but
    formatted using `digits'.

    o   summary(m, digits=*) also properly works for matrices.

    o   When returning parameters from .C/.Fortran, the OBJECT field was
    not copied even though class attributes were (PR#834).

    o   There was a spurious warning from the X11 driver on 100 dpi
    displays (PR#840, fix from Tom Vogels).

    o   scan() was reading all-blank numeric fields as zero.
    Should be read as NA, and are now.

    o   dnbinom(*, size, *) now works again for size < 1 (PR#842).

    o   dgeom(*, p = 0) and pgeom(*, p = 0) don't give NaN anymore.

    o   smooth.spline() allows zero weights again.

    o   aperm() fix for list arg; aperm(*, resize=FALSE) now works with
    dimnames (by dropping them).

    o   The xfig() driver was not closing unclosed polygons as the R
    driver expected (but did not document).

    o   spec.ar() now handles order 1 correctly.

    o   Add fuzz to prevent anomalies with hist().

    o   print.matrix() checks length of rowlab, collab (PR#850)

    o   add1.glm() was using the wrong weights for binomial glms in
    cbind(successes, failures) ~ lhs  form, since 1.2.0.

    o   Eliminate packing of the `structRstart' structure, which was
    probably non-ISO C and caused some compilers problems (PR#852).

    o   all.vars() no longer returns empty `names' (PR#829).

    o   dotplot() passes `cex' down to the mtext() calls used for the
    labels (PR#816).

    o   The pictex() driver was drawing polylines incorrectly (PR#845).

    o   In the event of a fatal X11 error (this can be generated under FVWM
    by selecting Destroy), the input handler would loop, leaving the
    "please save work and shut down R" advice useless. There should now
    be an opportunity for a relatively graceful exit.

    o   polyroot() misbehaved if all coefficients except that of the highest
    degree term were zero (partial fix for PR#751)

    o   spline(method="natural") was extrapolating incorrectly (both
    to the left and to the right, for different reasons).  (PR#653)

    o   Line clipping was incorrect for log-plots. (PR#839)

    o   Add explicit test for rank-deficient residuals to summary.manova().

    o   The help search databases did not contain the data from the
    platform-specific help files.

    o   parse.dcf() and hence package.contents() now work with a warning
    for empty contents' files.

    o   which.min() and which.max() now properly work for 0-length and
    NA-only arguments.



        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.2.1


NEW FEATURES

    o   New functions factanal(), varimax(), promax() and examples in
    package mva.

    o   New functions readBin() and writeBin() to transfer binary data
    to and from connections.

    o   merge() is partially moved to C to reduce its memory usage.

    o   library(help = PKG) now displays the contents of the package's
    DESCRIPTION file in addition to its INDEX.

    o   Sd2Rd can handle S4-style documentation too: see `Writing R
    Extensions'.

    o   prompt() now also works with a character argument (useful for
    producing many *.Rd files in a loop).

    o   The Unix front-end shell script now ignores a value for R_HOME
    found in the environment.

    o   Connections functions such as file() now accept a description of
    length > 1, with a warning.

    o   All text-mode connections now accept input with LF, CR or CRLF
    line endings.  This means that readLines() can be used on DOS
    files and source() on Mac files, for example.

    Also, CRLF-terminated files can be used as stdin on Unix, and
    files with last lines without an EOL mark can be used as stdin
    and source()-ed on Unix and Windows.

    o   DESCRIPTION file has a new recommended `Maintainer:' field.

    o   stars() now uses a larger "cex" for the labels, and cex and lwd
    are now arguments. Further, the argument names (xlim, ylim,
    axes) are now consistent with other plot functions.  The key symbol
    is not clipped anymore into the plot region by default.

    o   Date-time quantities are now printed with the timezone, if known.

    o   R CMD build now ignores all files specified (via Perl regexps)
    in file `.Rbuildignore' in the top-level source directory of a
    package.

    o   Horizontal boxplots are possible with  horizontal = TRUE.

    o   all.equal() on lists now compares them as generic vectors, that
    is they are equal if have identical names attributes and
    all components are equal.

    o   Invalid lines in .Renviron now give warnings when R is started.

    o   Argument `na.last' implemented for rank().


BUG FIXES

    o   There have been many small improvements/corrections in the
    documentation. In particular:

    The help pages for lm and glm now describe the fitted objects.

    is.vector() is now correctly documented: complex vectors and
    lists return TRUE.

    o   The default sortedXyData constructor in the nls package now
    handles missing values in the response.

    o   On startup, file .RData is now restored *after* the site and
    user profiles are loaded (if at all).  This is as previously
    documented.

    o   as.POSIXlt (and *ct) operating on a character string
    only extracted the date (and not the time) in some cases.

    o   as.POSIXct() on character objects was ignoring `tz'.

    o   codoc(ignore.generic.functions = TRUE) works again.

    o   Explicitly close files opened by sink() for OSes (such as
    Windows) that benefit from it.

    o   Prevent closing the sink connection (which would be a silly
    thing to do).

    o   showConnections(all = TRUE) was sometimes counting connections
    incorrectly, and so not showing some closed ones.

    o   ts(1:10, start= c(1999,6), end = c(2000,3), frequency = 12)
    now prints both years (as it should).

    o   Monthly multivariate time series now print proper month names
    in all cases.

    o   print.stl(), print.princomp() and print.prcomp() now pass on
    `digits =' etc.

    o   prompt() now produces a \usage{} line for data frames and
    other datasets, as documented in `Writing R Extensions'.

    o   glm() now returns correct linear predictor and fitted values
    for zero-weight cases.

    o   scan(strip.white=TRUE) and readline() could give incorrect
    answers when an input field was empty or blank.

    o   dchisq() now behaves better for large values of its ncp parameter.

    o   besselJ(*, nu) is now ok for nu < 1; fix improves accuracy of
    other values by a few bits as well.

    o   The convergence criterion in the Fortran SVD code has been
    changed to circumvent spurious convergence errors when
    comparing extended-precision quantities on ix86 Linux (and
    some compilers and options).

    o   Rdindex now handles multi-line \title{}'s correctly.

    o   Add weights.glm() so that plot.lm() gets the correct weights from
    glm objects (the ones that go with deviance residuals not the
    working residuals).

    o   Printing a language object (e.g. a formula) in a list was
    clobbering the buffer holding the tag labels which then were
    lost in subsequent lines of printout (PR#746).

    o   aic in family() objects is now computed more precisely using
    dxxxx(log=TRUE).  For binomial fits the value was wrong for
    models specified via proportions and weights (PR#796).

    Avoid NaN values in aic where n = 0 occurs.

    o   Using non-integer numbers of successes in a binomial glm (as
    formerly in demo(lm.glm)) now gives a warning, as the theory and
    in particular the AIC value is not applicable.

    o   demo(is.things) works again {is.ALL() doesn't call methods
    anymore}.

    o   persp(*, nticks = nn) now works (better) for too small nn.
    persp(*, main = t1, sub= t2) now work (as always documented).

    o   Printing of attributes of a list element no longer precedes
    `attr' by the tag (PR#715).

    o   It is no longer possible to use df[foo] to select non-existent
    columns in df and so create an invalid object of class
    "data.frame" (PR#698).

    o   edit.data.frame() was trying to set row.names on a list, which
    is no longer allowed.

    o   In the \link[pkg]{topic}, `pkg' was not being used if `topic'
    was found in a package in .lib.loc.  Now `pkg' is always used.

    o   plot() with small relative ranges gave an error, which e.g. broke
    library(ts); plot(stl(ts(rep(1:7, 15), freq = 7), s.win = "per"))

    o   Using scan() with a 0-length `what' argument now gives an error
    message rather than a segfault.

    o   Loading .Random.seed could extremely rarely and with some
    generators reject a value as NA_INTEGER when it was valid.

    o   save(..., ascii=TRUE) created broken files when saving strings
    containing special characters (ASCII code > 127).

    o   mean(c(1,NA,NA,NA)[-1], trim = .1, na.rm = TRUE) doesn't give an
    error anymore.

    o   As the supplied afm files are not properly in the ISOLatin1
    encoding, the font metric for "-" was wrong since 0.63 on a
    postscript/xfig device, and randomly wrong in 1.2.0.  It will
    now be correct (but the files remain incorrect: C45 is "minus"
    not "hyphen" and there are missing slots).

    Metrics for the duplicated characters (acute, dieresis,
    macron, space) in ISOLatin1 encoding are now correct for both
    occurrences: previously only one was present.

    o   The data-time functions try harder to guess the DST setting
    when the OS does not know, as some OSes were printing times
    in DST if this was marked as unknown.

    o   Setting par(pty=) after par(pin=) or par(plt=) was having no
    effect until the margins were set.

    o   Nested \describe sections in .Rd files have (again) nested
    indentation when converted to text.

    o   Concatenation of C strings by ## is no longer used, to avoid
    spurious warnings from some recent versions of gcc.

    o   dev.copy2eps() allows a `paper' argument to be passed to
    postscript().

    o   file.show() handles the case of zero files better.

    o   formula.lm uses object$formula if it exists, in preference
    to object$terms.

    o   strsplit() is corrected for an empty split pattern.

    o   kronecker() now does a better job when creating dimnames.

    o   Better handling of input dimnames in fourfoldplot().



        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.2.0


NEW FEATURES

    o   There is a new memory management system using a generational
    garbage collector.  This improves performance, sometimes
    marginally but sometimes by double or more.  The workspace is
    no longer statically sized and both the vector heap and the
    number of nodes can grow as needed.  (They can shrink again,
    but never below the initially allocated sizes.)  See ?Memory
    for a longer description, including the new command-line
    options to manage the settings.

    o   values of `--min-nsize' up to 50M (2Gb on 64-bit Solaris) are
    allowed.

    o   A (preliminary) version of S4-like connections has been added,
    and most functions which take a "file" argument can now work
    with a connection as well as a file name.  For more details,
    see the chapter on Connections in the R Data Import/Export
    manual.

    o   New command-line option `--no-restore-history' implied by
    `--vanilla'.

    o   Command-line option `--no-restore' is now `--no-restore-data'
    and `--no-restore' implies `--no-restore-*' (currently `data'
    and `history').

    o   The more recent GNU regex from grep-2.4.2 is used.  This uses
    locale-based ordering for ranges on platforms with strcoll.

    o   The print routines now escape " (as \") in a character string
    only when it is printed as a quoted string.  This makes
    print(, quote=FALSE) and cat() consistent.


    o   The standard methods for add1() and drop1() now attempt to cope
    with missing values by using a subset of the data that is
    `cleaned' by na.action for the maximal model under consideration.

    o   anova() for 3 or more lm objects now behaves compatibly with S
    and anova.glmlist().  The old behaviour is still available by
    calling anovalist.lm() directly.

    o   anova() for multiple lm and glm objects no longer truncates the
    formula printed. There is much more extensive documentation
    for anova() methods.

    o   New method as.data.frame.table() for converting the array-based
    representation of a contingency table to a data frame containing
    the classifying factors and the corresponding counts.

    o   New function assocplot() for producing Cohen-Friendly
    association plots.

    o   autoload() accepts lib.loc and other arguments to library()

    o   bxp() has new argument `frame.plot', as plot.default().

    o   contour() now has `axes' and `frame.plot' args.

    o   contrasts(, FALSE) now always returns an identity matrix,
    to make model.matrix compatible with S. This affects models
    such as lm(y ~ o - 1) where o is an ordered factor.

    o   `where' command added to debug().

    o   demo(dynload) (which used the superseded call_R interface)
    has been removed.

    o   Class "dendrogram" in package mva providing general support
    for tree-like structures (plotting, cutting, ...).

    o   dev.copy2eps() and dev2bitmap() preserve the aspect ratio of the
    copied device if just one of `width' and `height' is specified.

    o   dump() has new argument append, argument `fileout' has been
    renamed to `file' (for consistency with all other functions).

    o   edit.default() now checks for an unset `editor' argument, and
    terminates with an error if the editor cannot be run.

    o   The `mode' argument of exists() and get() is interpreted
    as mode(x) rather than typeof(x), following S.

    o   New functions file.access() and file.info() for information on
    files on the user's file systems.

    o   New convenience function file.copy().

    o   file.show() allows `pager' argument to be an R function, and
    consequently, the `pager' option can be an R function.

    o   Formatting (and printing) of data.frames with complex objects is
    improved.  toString was added as a new function.

    o   format() has a new argument `justify' controlling the
    justification of character strings (and factors).

    o   Formula objects now have an environment and code manipulating
    them needs to take care to preserve it or set an appropriate
    environment.

    o   New function fourfoldplot() for producing fourfold displays of
    2 by 2 by k contingency tables.

    o   gc() now reports the space allocated, not the space free,
    since the total space is now variable.

    o   New primitive gc.time() to report on time spent in garbage
    collection.

    o   hclust() takes new argument `members' allowing dissimilarity
    matrices both for singletons (as until now) and clusters.

    o   help() has an additional `pager' argument which may be passed to
    file.show()  {useful for ESS fans}.

    o   There is now an R `Hershey' list object for Hershey vector font
    computations and documentation.

    o   hist() now returns a "histogram" object and calls the new
    function plot.histogram() for plotting.
    It now also allows character labels.

    o   if(*) now gives a more intelligible error message
    when "*" cannot be coerced to logical.

    o   inherits() is now an internal function and compatible with S.

    o   New function lag.plot() in package ts.

    o   legend() has a new argument pt.bg.

    o   The commands history can be loaded with loadhistory(), saved
    with savehistory() and displayed with history(), under Windows
    and under Unix using the readline or GNOME interfaces.

    o   mad() has new (logical) arguments "low" and "high" (the first
    giving S compatibility).

    o   New function manova() and summary method.

    o   Function mantelhaen.test() in package ctest now can deal with
    general I x J x K tables.  In addition, in the 2 x 2 x K case,
    it can also perform an exact conditional test of independence,
    and gives confidence intervals for the common odds ratio.

    o   model.frame() now uses the environment of its formula argument,
    rather than the parent environment, to evaluate variables not
    found in the data argument. See help(formula).

    o   mosaicplot() can now also create extended mosaic plots, which
    visualize the residuals from a log-linear model using color and
    outline.

    o   New utility function n2mfrow().

    o   nlm(check.analyticals = TRUE) now warns if the supplied
    gradient and/or hessian are of the wrong length.

    o   New function object.size() to give approximate memory allocation.

    o   optim() now checks the length of an analytical gradient at
    each evaluation.

    o   The L-BFGS-B method of optim() now support tracing, at several
    levels of detail.

     o  options(check.bounds = TRUE)  makes each vector extension
    by sub-assignment ("x[.] <- .") produce a warning.

   o    options(width) now admits to a limit (previously 200, now
    10000) and gives a more informative message if out of range
    (as it does now for digits and expressions).

    o   Function path.expand() to do tilde-expansion on file paths.
    This provides an interface to R_ExpandFileName, which is now
    a documented entry point.

    o   .Platform has new component "endian", useful for binary file
    manipulations.

    o   plot.function() and curve() now take xlim as default for (from,to)
    if the former is specified.

    o   plot.hclust() allows arguments main, sub, etc, and has non-empty
    defaults for these.

    o   plot.ts(x,y) now allows to suppress labels and lines;
    it is better documented.

    o   The postscript() driver now allows a user-specified family so,
    for example, one can use the same fonts in diagrams as in
    running text.

    o   The postscript() driver allows its prolog to be changed (by an
    expert) via object .ps.prolog.

    o   prop.table() and margin.table() now work with an empty `margin'.

    o   Formerly deprecated function provide() is now defunct.

    o   New functions read.delim() and read.delim2() to make it
    easier to read delimited files as Windows programs tend to
    create (usually TAB separated).

    o   New readLines() function to read a file line-by-line.

    o   New functions reshapeLong() and reshapeWide() emulating Stata's
    reshape command. These are still labeled experimental and
    might be improved (or removed) in later versions.

    o   row.names() and row.names<-() are now generic functions which
    call rownames() as their default method and have methods for
    class "data.frame".

    o   New function Rprof() for profiling R expressions under Unix.
    Configure with `--enable-R-profiling' (on by default) to make
    this operational.

    o   save(, oldstyle=TRUE) has been withdrawn.

    o   scan() and read.table() have a new argument `fill' which can
    be set TRUE to allow reading files with unequal number of
    fields per line. (Programs like Excel have a habit of creating
    such files when exporting.)

    o   scan() and read.table() have a new argument `blank.lines.skip'
    to allow blank lines to be read.

    o   scan() now reads empty character fields as "" not "NA" unless
    "" is included in na.strings.

    o   smooth() in package eda has a better default (3RS3R instead of
    3RSR) and more arguments, e.g. `twiceit' for some S
    compatibility and `kind = "3R"' for running medians of 3.

    o   strsplit() has a new argument `extended' controlling whether to
    use extended (the default) or basic regular expressions for
    splitting.

    o   Sys.getenv() becomes the preferred name for getenv(), which is
    now deprecated.

    o   New functions Sys.getlocale() and Sys.setlocale() to query and
    set aspects of the locale of the R process, and
    Sys.localeconv() to find the default decimal point, etc.

    o   New function Sys.info() for platform, host and user information.

    o   New function Sys.putenv() to set environment variables.

    o   New function Sys.sleep() to suspend execution for a while.

    o   Date-time support functions with classes "POSIXct" and
    "POSIXlt" to represent dates/times (resolution 1 second) in
    the POSIX formats.  Functions include Sys.time(), as.POSIXct(),
    strftime(), strptime(),  and methods for format, plot, c, ....
    There are conversion functions for objects from packages
    `date' and `chron'; unlike those packages these support
    functions know about time zones (if the OS does).

    o   tcltk package now has tkpager() which is designed to be used
    by file.show() and shows help pages etc. in separate text
    widgets.

    o   tcltk is now more careful about removing the objects
    representing widgets in the R workspace when the windows are
    destroyed (e.g. using window manager controls)

    o   tcltk package has had several canvas functions implemented.

    o   tcltk now wraps callbacks to R in a try() construct - the
    nonlocal return from R's error handling could bring the Tk
    system into a strange state.

    o   New demos for tcltk: tkfaq, tkfilefind, tkcanvas.

    o   termplot() now has an `ask' argument.

    o   terms() creates objects which now inherit from class "formula",
    so for example as.formula(terms.object) needs to be replaced by
    formula(terms.object).

    o   traceback() is now printed un-quoted and labelled by the
    frame number.

    o   New argument `recursive' to unlink(). The default behaviour on
    Unix is now that of rm -f, not rm -rf.  unlink() is now
    compatible across platforms.

    o   New functions write.ftable() and read.ftable() for writing out
    and reading in flat contingency tables.

    o   write.table() now quotes factor columns if quote=TRUE, and has
    a new argument `qmethod' to control the escaping of
    embedded quotes in character or factor columns.

    o   New function xtabs() providing a formula interface to cross
    tabulation.


    o   The R Data Import/Export Manual (`R-data.texi') has been added.

    o   The set of valid R names is now described (at last) in R-intro.

    o   The R Language Manual (`R-lang.texi') is now included and built
    in the same way as the other manuals.

    o   The R manuals (R-intro, R-exts, ...) are converted to HTML
    format (if the necessary texinfo tools are available) and
    linked into the top HTML help page.

    o   The header file `R.h' and those included from it are now usable
    with C++ code.

    o   New header file `R_ext/Boolean.h': Rboolean type with TRUE and
    FALSE enum constants.

    o   New header file `Rgraphics.h' to allow addons to use graphics
    structures.

    o   Recommended include file `Rmath.h' replaces `R_ext/Mathlib.h'.

    o   Bessel, beta and gamma functions are now documented as part of
    the API.  Undocumented entry points are no longer in the
    header files, and some are no longer visible.

    o   Calloc & Realloc failures now give size information.

    o   DESCRIPTION file in installed packages has a new `Built:' field
    giving build information (R version, platform, date).

    o   Much improved support for C++ code in add-on packages under Unix.
    New configure/build variables SHLIB_CXXLD and SHLIB_CXXLDFLAGS
    for specifying the command and flags needed for building shared
    libraries containing objects from a C++ compiler.
    Configure tries to get these right in typical cases (GNU tools
    and/or common platforms).
    C++ source suffixes `.cpp' and `.C' are now recognized in
    addition to `.cc'.

    o   Configure/build variables MAINLD and MAINLDFLAGS are renamed to
    MAIN_LD and MAIN_LDFLAGS for consistency with other MAIN_* vars,
    similarly for SHLIBLD and SHLIBLDFLAGS.

    o   Configure/build variable FLIBS now only contains the Fortran 77
    intrinsic and run-time libraries needed for linking a Fortran 77
    program or shared library (as determined by configure).  BLAS
    library detection was extended, with results saved to the Make
    variable BLAS_LIBS which is also available to add-on packages.

    o   R CMD build and check have been completely re-written in Perl.
    In addition to running examples, check now also checks the
    directory structure and control files, makes a temporary
    installation and runs LaTeX on the help pages.  Build has been
    reduced to cleaning, rewriting indices and creating tar files.

    The same files of Perl code are now also used under Windows.

    o   Add-ons for utilities like Perl or LaTeX have now a central
    place in $R_HOME/share. Migration of existing files might take
    a while, though.

    o   Preliminary support for building R as a shared library (`libR')
    under Unix.  Use configure with option `--enable-R-shlib' or do
    `make libR' in directory `src/main' to create the shared
    library.

    There is also a linker front-end `R CMD LINK' which is useful
    for creating executable programs linked against the R shared
    library.


BUG FIXES

    o   New "[.AsIs" function fixing PR#665.

    o   Effectively zero-length arrows() are omitted (rather than getting
    a system- and device-dependent arbitrary angle).

    o   barplot() passes "..." down to plot.window as documented.

    o   bxp(*) now obeys axes, xaxt, yaxt & ylim arguments (again?).

    o   contour(.., labcex = 0.6, .. , vfont = c("sans serif", "plain"), ..)
    now behaves as it has been documented, PR#740.

    o   D(.) is now more correctly documented, has second argument
    "name" instead of "namevec" (S compatibility), and gives a warning
    when name has not length 1.

    o   dbinom() and dpois() now use a the accurate algorithm of C.Loader;
    e.g., 1 - 2*sum(dbinom(0:999, 1999, 1/2)) is now zero instead of 1e-12.

    o   dbeta(), df(), dt(), dnbinom(), dgeom(), dgamma(),
    now all use the more accurate algorithms of dbinom() and dpois();
    More limits are computed correctly, e.g. dgeom(Inf,*), or
    dnbinom(*,*,p=0), and integer argument coercion is more consistent.

    o   dbeta(x, a,b) was giving NaN and Inf for large a and b.

    o   The math functions now (again!) return NaN (not NA)
    when the warning message says so (e.g. gamma(-1)).

    o   Paper sizes for "a4" and "legal" were interchanged in dev.print().

    o   Improved logic in the re-scaling of plots in dev.print().

    o   dev.print() and dev.copy2eps() now evaluate arguments as
    needed, so e.g. dev.print(file="junk.ps", horizontal=F) will
    work (previously =FALSE was needed).

    o   Now dweibull(0,1) == dexp(0) == 1 for consistency.

    o   Changing column modes from factor/character to numeric in
    edit.data.frame() (and fix() on data frames) is now allowed.

    o   gctorture() did return a value although documented not to, that of
    gcinfo.  It now returns the previous setting of gctorture.

    o   glm() now follows lm() in dropping unused factor levels when fitting.

    o   hist() now labels y-axis Density rather than Relative Frequency
    if freq=FALSE. The `intensities' component of the result is
    now deprecated and `density' should be used instead.

    o   hsv() truncation bug fixed (hopefully correctly this time...)

    o   library.dynam() no longer fails if the library appears more than
    once in lib.loc.

    o   lm.fit & lm.wfit (and hence lm) now give understandable error
    messages when there are 0 non-NA cases.

    o   match() does not always use "as.character()" anymore, fixes PR#741.

    o   Trimmed mean() and median() are no longer attempted for complex
    data.

    o   median() of empty vector is now NA.

    o   model.matrix() can now handle NAs in factors.

    o   model.matrix() now uses ":" not "." in labelling interaction
    terms, as terms() and the prototype do (PR#701).

    o   old.packages() now sorts version strings correctly by
    splitting at "." and "-".

    o   optim() has several new precautions against bugs, one of which was
    an infinite loop in the L-BFGS-B method if the derivatives
    were inaccurate (or if numerical derivatives were used and the
    problem was badly scaled).

    o   pairs() now obeys an "cex = " argument, and so does panel.smooth().

    o   pf() had a bug in the code handling large noncentrality
    parameters, going all the way back to the original Appl.Stat.
    algorithm (PR#752). This affected pbeta() as well.

    o   phantom(expr) in plotmath was used to calculate the bounding
    boxes, but the space was not actually used in typesetting the
    expression (PR#622).

    o   Problem with subsetting and "..." arguments in plot.formula()
    (PR#757)

    o   plot.lm() has a better default for its `ask' argument.

    o   plot.new() does *NOT* allow an argument (`ask') anymore.
    This has not been working (since ~ R 0.49), is low-level and
    hence should not break anything.

    o   plot.stl() now uses correct time labels for tickmarks of x-axes.

    o   pnorm() is somewhat more accurate (SIXTEN=16; PR#699) and
    `infinitesimally faster' in some cases, thanks to James M. Rath.

    o   Failure to open a postscript() device now gives diagnostic warnings.

    o   Zero the widths of undefined chars in postscript().

    o   Make font metrics local to the device in postscript(), so
    that simultaneous instances of postscript/xfig/bitmap can use
    different values for `family'.

    o   postscript() no longer uses the initclip operator, which
    was against the EPSF specifications and broke inclusion of
    graphics in some documents.

    o   In postscript(), cleaned up the internals to fix some
    cases where it was unclear whether a variable was meant to set
    or track device status.

    o   In some cases, emitted postscript violated the PS Document
    Structuring Conventions since some settings were carried over from
    one page to the next. (Caused breakage when turning
    antialiasing on/off in "gv" for instance.)

    o   The DocumentMedia comment in postscript() output was wrong,
    and the font DSC comments have been changed to the preferred
    style for DSC 3.0.

    o   pretty(x <- c(2.8,3))[1] - x[1] is now 0; in general,
    p <- pretty(x) now again fulfills  p[1] <= x[] <= p[length(p)].

    o   print.dist() {mva} now passes "..." to print.default.

    o   print.noquote("ABC") now works.

    o   prompt(fn) uses fn's "source" attribute if it has one.

    o   In prop.test(), the conf.int. now contains the estimate,
    even when that is 0 or 1 (PR#714).

    o   qnorm(0) and qnorm(1) now give -/+ Inf (again!).

    o   qt(*, log = TRUE) has a somewhat extended working range.

    o   Specifying col.names in read.table() now overrides any header
    line in the data file.

    o   Bug caused rpois() to generate biased variables in some cases.

    o   scale(scale=TRUE) gave all NAs in any columns containing NAs.

    o   eda's smooth() now computes Tukey's endrule properly.

    o   smooth.spline()'s GCV method now uses a more accurate formula
    when there are repeated x points.

    o   stars() fix (for 0/NA columns) PR#739.

    o   data(state)'s  state.abb  has been corrected to use official
    2-letter abbrevations.

    o   strsplit() had two memory leaks.

    o   tcltk interface now has better string quoting and no longer breaks on
    strings with unbalanced braces

    o   tcltk callbacks used to include a "%..." argument on the call if the
    callback function had a "..." argument. This is no longer the case.

    o   t.test() allows an input vector of length 2.

    o   Method dispatch in primitive functions such as `c' only
    occurred if they were called by that name, and in particular
    not if used in lapply or called as .Primitive("c").  It now
    always occurs.

    o   Method dispatching now forces evaluation of promises, so
    autoloading works with methods.

    o   c(0.099999994, 0.2) prints as 0.1 0.2 not 0.10 0.20 after
    correcting the precision calculations.

    o   Internal function fprec was overflowing for numbers around
    1e-305.

    o   [internal] .C("strsignif",*) doesn't use fixed size strings anymore
    (possible overflow).

    o   ff[i] <- r  now works for formula (and potentially other
    non-standard) objects ff.

    o   Errors in argument matching could cause crashes if error
    handler was used.

    o   NULL == ... now gives logical(0) instead of an error.
    This fixes a bug with e.g. apply(X,2,median, na.rm = TRUE) and
    all(NULL == NULL) is now TRUE.

    o   polylines with more than 64K pieces will now work on more X
    servers with the x11 device.

    o   R CMD Rd2dvi now again works with file names containing "_" or "$".

    o   R CMD Rdconv now handles .rd as input file extension correctly
    in all cases.

    o   make install could fail if there were no shared libraries to
    install (e.g. on vanilla Solaris).

    o   Rd's \describe{} constructs are converted better to text
    output, and \items of >=22 chars now work.

    o   Help aliases "(" and "{" now work, apart from as PDF hyperlinks.

    o   NA || x , NA && y (etc) do not give errors anymore, but work as
    the "|" and "&" operators and as documented (PR#749).

    o   Coercing lists to functions failed if argument list was empty.
    (PR#743). Also coercing functions to lists was wrong when the
    body was a single constant.



    **************************************************
    *                        *
    *          1.1 SERIES NEWS           *
    *                        *
    **************************************************


        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.1.1


NEW FEATURES

    o   data(), example() and help() now search the loaded packages, then
    in their .lib.loc argument, the latter as pre-0.99.0.  See
    their help pages for the precise details.

    o   help() has a new argument `try.all.packages' set by the option
    "help.try.all.packages". If help is not found in the normal
    path and this is TRUE then a search is made of all packages
    for possible matches.

    o   Improved detection of Tcl/Tk at configure time.  One can either
    set configure variables TCLTK_CPPFLAGS and TCLTK_LIBS, or give
    the locations of the tclConfig.sh and tkConfig.sh scripts via
    the `--with-tcl-config' and `--with-tk-config' arguments.

    o   prop.trend.test() - test for trend in proportions.

    o   write.table() has new argument `dec' for setting the decimal
    separator (SPSS/Windows and probably others want commas in
    continental European locales).

    o   Advance warning: save(, oldstyle=TRUE) will no longer be
    available after this release.

    o   Symbols can now be coerced to expressions, making
    as.expression(quote(a)) work


BUG FIXES

    o   data() now works correctly with data-only packages.

    o   Standalone Mathlib can now be made if builddir = srcdir
    (working around an undocumented autoconf `feature').

    o   Check for pre-1.1.0 saved object .Postscript.options in postscript().

    o   More stringent checks on the arguments to dataentry().

    o   Specifying xlab as an expression now works again.

    o   dev2bitmap() works again.

    o   Numerous uses of `F' and `T' replaced by `FALSE' and `TRUE'.

    o   bxp() now extends `ylim' properly when notch=TRUE (and a
    notch is more extreme than other stats).
    Also, varwidth is okay again, see example(split).

    o   Making manuals without making R first now works.

    o   princomp() now works when some eigenvalues are tiny negative
    values (which are treated as zero).

    o   SearchEngine.html was not installed when builddir != srcdir.

    o   lm.{w}fit(x,y,..) now work when x has no column names.
    These functions no longer add and subtract n zeros when there's no
    offset.  They are now documented somewhat.

    o   Some HTML files used src="R.css" instead of href="R.css" causing
    some browsers to ignore the style sheet.  `R.css' now passes the
    w3c CSS validator and gives the intended results with Internet
    Explorer.  `R.css' is copied to all library directories.

    o   The data editor no longer crashes when entries contain more than
    45 characters, and works correctly if the field width is
    larger than the window width.

    o   Recording plots used to ignore graphics events before the last
    replay.

    o   plot(), points(), etc now give warnings and error for invalid
    `type' arguments.

    o   matplot() now allows the same `type's as plot().

    o   dev.print() and dev.copy2eps() now work when called from a
    function, such as dev2bitmap().

    o   anova.glmlist works correctly with decreasing models and
    test="F" now gets the correct residual df.

    o   Functions created (not just edited) with fix() now get
    environment .GlobalEnv not the body of fix.

    o   Rdconv was ignoring OS-specific parts of the files with some
    Perl versions. (This did not affect installing packages.)

    o   R CMD check  did not run more than one specific test.

    o   keyword2html omitted items when changing up a level, so
    the HTML search engine keyword list was missing `data' and
    `utilities', for example.

    o   aov() with multiple strata was setting some spurious options.

    o   Under UNIX, help(, htmlhelp=TRUE) uses the linked copy of the
    HTML file in ~/.R if help.start() has been run recently in the
    session, so the style sheet and hyperlinks should now be found.

    o   dotplot's arguments `color' and `lcolor' are now interpreted
    correctly if they are vectors of length > 1.  (It is not clear
    from the help that this was ever intended.)

    o   Error messages of e.g. do.call() are now spaced properly.

    o   summary(.matrix | .data.frame) now respects a `digits' argument.

    o   scan() recognises quoted strings by default again. The default
    for the quote= argument got set wrongly when it was
    introduced. They are, however, turned off when using sep="\n",
    since you probably want unprocessed lines of text in that
    case.

    o   fixed buglet where scan() would double a character following a
    terminating quote symbol.

    o   kmeans was failing on vector inputs (although not documented
    to accept such).

    o   fixes in predict.lm (John Maindonald)

    o   NCOL got confused by 1D arrays, which it now reports have 1
    column rather than NA.

    o   rep(1:2,c(1,-1)) segfaulted (PR 619)

    o   x[["a"]] <- y rejected some object types for y (e.g.
    expressions) which were accepted in x$a <- y (PR

    o   data editor froze on empty data frame, and more generally on
    zero-length cols.

    o   data editor did not handle factors properly in numeric-edit
    mode.

    o   table() misbehaved on empty (or all-NA) data

    o   data editor now handles empty data frames, allowing data entry
    to begin with  dd<-edit(data.frame())  or
    dd<-data.frame() ; fix(dd)

    o   plotting math expressions when specified as a LANGSXP or
    SYMSXP didn't work in several cases: plot(1,main=quote(a))
    would segfault and there were problems with title(), text(),
    and mtext() as well.

    o   optim(): no more segfault for REPORT=0; corrected error msg; ..
    maxit default is now okay also when "L-*-B" is chosen automatically.
    Using (abs|rel)tol with that method now gives a warning.

    o   text() did not respect its `xpd' argument, the default of which
    is still to use par("xpd"); gave a wrong error message in one case.

    o   polygon() had an incorrect documentation and silently disregarded
    "..." arguments.

    o   predict.loess was giving incorrect results (those for the
    non-robust fit) in the case of a fit with family = "symmetric"
    and surface = "direct" and prediction with se = FALSE.  The
    fitted values were missing for such fits.

    o   Better rendering of ^ and ~ in latex in \code{} (and they should
    not appear outside code and verbatim sections).

    o   Fixed unterminated string problem with lty (PR 584)

    o   Fixed scoping problem with quasi() family (PR 614)


        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.1.0


NEW FEATURES


    o   There are several changes to the compile and link flags, and
    an attempt is made to use /usr/local/include and
    /usr/local/lib on all platforms.  Please read config.site and
    INSTALL if you have set flags for previous versions.

    o   New package tcltk, providing interface and language bindings for
    the Tcl/Tk graphical interface toolkit. This makes it possible
    to do some rather nifty things with buttons and entry fields
    and so forth in very few lines of code.  It is still somewhat
    experimental so don't go churning out thousands of lines of
    GUI code and then blame us for changing the API later on. It does
    not currently work with GNOME because of event loop differences.
    See demo(tkttest) and demo(tkdensity).

    o   Internally using global R_Expressions [getOption("expressions")]
    dramatically speeds up eval.c.

    o   The X11 support code is now in a separate shared library, and
    option `--gui=none' will run R without X11 support (and so x11()
    and data.entry() will not be available).  R BATCH sets --gui=none.

    o   Configuring without X (e.g., `--without-x') does work (at last).
    configure will report if X11 support has been included.
    If R has been built without X11 the default GUI is "none".

    o   GNOME support files have moved from src/gnome to src/unix/gnome
    and the code is now in a separate shared library.  Both
    `--gui=GNOME' and `--gui=gnome' are allowed.

    The main graphics device for use with GNOME is now called
    gtk(); the x11() device from the X11 support can also be used.
    (The gnome() device remains unreliable, and is by default
    unavailable.)

    All GNOME support now installs in R_HOME/gnome to make it
    easier to package separately.

    o   Command line option `-g' can now be used as short version of
    `--gui'.

    o   The "keep.source" option now defaults to interactive()
    instead of TRUE.

    o   Many interface enhancements to the data editor, which now uses
    (by default) variable-width columns and much less redrawing.
    See ?dataentry for a description of the current user interface.

    o   R under Unix can be sent SIGUSR1 to quit and save or SIGUSR2
    to quit and save without running .Last and on.exit
    expressions.

    o   Added ability to use the graphics device driver to perform
    horizontal justification of strings.  This is used in the
    x11(), windows(), postscript() and xfig() drivers and will
    lead to more accurate placing of centred or right-justified
    strings.

    o   Formulas created with the tilde operator now contain the
    environment in which they were created.  The environment of a
    formula can be accessed with the environment() function.  This
    facility is still experimental; it is intended to help
    simplify writing modeling functions.


    o   $ and $<- are now generic functions.

    o   add1.glm() and drop1.glm() now allow test="F", which is
    appropriate for models with estimated dispersion.

    o   approx() and approxfun() have an extra argument ties= to control
    handling of tied x values

    o   New function as.symbol(), identical to as.name().
    is.symbol and is.name() are now identical by definition;
    before, they were equivalent by implementation.

    o   attach() now works for R data files.

    o   axis() now has additional arguments.  The argument "tick" turns
    tick drawing on and off (on by default).  Additional arguments
    line, pos, and outer; allow more flexible placement of axes.

    o   New device bitmap(), like dev2bitmap() but a stand-alone device.

    o   boxplot() returns (and bxp() accepts) a list containing the summary
    statistics for the boxes (changed from a list of elements one for
    each box).

    o   file="|cmd" is allowed (to pipe output to `cmd'), under cat()
    and postscript() and functions that use them (for example, write()).

    o   New functions chartr() for general-purpose character translation
    in character vectors, and tolower() and toupper() for converting
    alphabetic characters to lower-case and upper-case, respectively.

    o   coplot() has new option subscripts=TRUE to pass the indices
    to the panel function.

    o   cor.test(method="spearman") might give slightly better P values,
    since it now relies on pnorm() (with proper tail) instead of alnorm.

    o   dbinom() works for size=0 (where appropriate).

    o   New trivial function det() for determinant computation
    (the example in ?qr did not seem to be sufficient).

    o   If present in the package, a function .Last.lib will be called
    when a package is detached.

    o   New function dev.copy2eps() copies the current device to an eps
    file, taking the size from that of the device.

    o   dev.print() now prints if possible, and takes the size from
    the device being copied.

    o   edit() or fix() applied to a numeric or character matrix now
    uses the data editor, if available.

    o   edit.data.frame() edits factors in character mode by default,
    and will allow the row names to be edited, by default if they
    are not 1:nrow(name).

    o   expand.model.frame() for adding variables to a model frame.

    o   The handling of estimating the dispersion in glm() fits has been
    changed for consistency across methods.  For `binomial' and
    `poisson' families the dispersion is always taken as one.
    For `quasibinomial' and `quasipoisson' families it is always
    estimated (by residual chisq/residual df).

    o   Using "~" when specifying lib.loc (for example to help() or
    library()) is now supported.

    o   image() has a new argument "breaks" and divides the zlim range
    into equal-length intervals.

    o   install.packages() and update.packages() have a new `destdir'
    argument for the directory to which to download the packages.

    o   New function interaction.plot().

    o   Internal cleanup of lapply()'s C code.

    o   library(), require(), and sys.source() have a new argument
    ` keep.source = getOption("keep.source.pkgs") '.
    This defaults to false, but can be set (also for base) to true
    by setting the environment variable R_KEEP_PKG_SOURCE to "yes"

    o   Par `lty' in lines() now defaults to par("lty") not "solid",
    for consistency with plot().

    o   list.files() [aka dir()]: path argument has now default = "."

    o   locator() allows inline graphics parameters (for the plotting
    it does with type !="n").

    o   New function max.col() from MASS, thanks to V&R.

    o   nlm() can now take additional arguments in ... to be passed to f.

    o   par() returns elements in alphabetical order, and "ann" as a
    logical (not integer).

    o   .Platform has a new component GUI specifying the GUI in use
    (which might be "unknown").

    o   plot.formula() searches for a plot method for the left-side of the
    formula before searching for a plot method for the right-side of
    the formula.

    o   New bitmap devices png() and jpeg() on Unix/X11. (They were
    already available on Windows.)

    o   postscript(print.it=TRUE) now does print the plot file.
    postscript(onefile=FALSE) now produces multiple separate files.

    o   provide() is now deprecated.

    o   New function quade.test() in package ctest for the Quade test
    for unreplicated blocked data.

    o   quantile(x, probs) now propagates NA/NaN in probs.

    o   Option for user-supplied normal random generator in RNGkind().

    o   read.fwf() is no longer dependent on Perl.

    o   New arguments check.names and strip.white to read.table() and
    friends.

    o   Functions recordPlot() and replayPlot() save a plot to an R
    variable and replay it.

    o   residuals.lm() also allows types "partial" and "response"
    as residuals.glm().

    o   Added col option to rug().

    o   scale() is now generic with scale.default method.

    o   New "call. = TRUE" argument for stop(), and
    new function  stopifnot(.) -- to be used in "make check".

    o   str(.) has a new optional argument "nchar.max = 128" and truncates
    strings longer than that.  Also eliminated a few minor glitches.

    o   The symbols() function is now implemented.

    o   New function termplot() with similar functionality to
    plot.gam() in S.

    o   The parameters to title() which specify the labels may now
    be specified as a list containing the parameter together
    with additional modifying par values (cex, col, font) which
    affect just that label.

    title() also has new line and outer arguments which provide
    functionality which matches that in axis().

    o   New functions which.min() amd which.max().

    o   The Wilcoxon and Ansari-Bradley tests now optionally return
    confidence intervals for the location or scale parameter of
    interest.

    o   New argument `extend' to window() (and updated documentation).

    o   write.table() can now write CSV files in the format Excel expects.

    o   New device xfig() to produce XFig files.

    o   New xyz.coords() utility function to be used for 3D highlevel plots.


    o   R CMD build now also works for package bundles.

    o   Rdconv allows an output file to be specified.

    o   Initial support for C++ source code in add-on packages under Unix.

    o   Mathlib can be built as a standalone library: see directory
    src/nmath/standalone.



BUG FIXES

    o   The Mathlib functions now use exactly the same values for
    +/-Inf, NaN and NA as the rest of R in all cases.

    o   Improved automatic remaking.


    o   option keep.source was not set correctly before the base
    package was loaded: some functions in the base package had
    the source kept.  The memory usage should now be reduced by ca 1Mb.

    o   The base file is no longer closed twice in case of a syntax
    error (caused segfault on Linux).

    o   The X11 data editor scrolls cells and so allows more than ca 10
    characters to be entered.  Several interface/redraw errors
    have been corrected.

    o   Using `destroy' or `close' on the X11 data editor window killed R.

    o   Multiple `destroy' events or X11 errors killed R (PR#400).

    o   Warnings from .Last or closing devices are printed where
    sensible (e.g. not on GNOME nor Windows console).

    o   add1.glm() and drop1.glm() gave incorrect results in the "Chisq"
    test option when the scale was estimated.

    o   aggregate() applied to multiple time series lost the series names.

    o   as.hclust.twins() in package mva sets method=NA (PR#538)

    o   ave(1:3) now works (as when is.null(list()) was TRUE years ago).

    o   barplot(c(0.1, 0.5, 1), ylim = c(0, 1)) now works: [xy]axs="i"
    and exact limits now labels the limits.

    o   by() works when embedded in a function.

    o   The xlab and ylab in coplot() now set the x and y axis labels,
    as in S.  Supply a second component to label the conditioning
    variables.

    o   count.fields() and read.table() now have the same default
    quote = "\"'".

    o   guard against segfault in dataentry(x<-1, Modes = plot), and the like.

    o   dev.print() now checks if the current device is replayable
    (and not all devices were, despite the documentation).

    o   The gtk() device (formerly x11() under GNOME) was incorrectly
    returning character information, so in particular `*' was
    wrongly centred as a plotting symbol.

    o   is.qr() checks not only for $qr, but also for $rank & $qraux, PR#482.

    o   library() will not leave the package on the search path if
    loading fails (including if .First.lib fails).

    o   lqs(, method="S") rounded k0 on passing to C.

    o   na.omit() now handles vectors and matrices as well as data
    frames.

    o   plot.lm(*, which=4) now works thanks to Marcel Wolbers.

    o   postscript() now uses the options "papersize" and "printcmd"
    rather than the values of R_PAPERSIZE in the environment
    and R_PRINTCMD found at build time.

    o   postscript() now makes use of kerning information in computing
    string widths.

    o   M <- 2 ; print(ppr(.., nterms = M))  now works.

    o   ppr(, sm.method="spline") had an internal limit of 250 rows:
    this is now 2500 and is now checked.

    o   predict.lm(,type="terms",se.fit=T) gives correct standard errors
    (thanks to John Maindonald)

    o   print.ftable() now returns its argument.

    o   proj.aovlist() now gives a non-zero result for strata with
    no fitted effects.

    o   qnorm() is now based on AS 241 instead of AS 111, and should
    give precise results up to 16 digits precision.

    o   rgeom(, prob=1) gives 0 rather than NA

    o   rpois(*, lambda) now works when lambda > .Machine$integer.max

    o   strheight("X") with no active device would segfault.

    o   system() is now (partially) functional on systems without popen.

    o   Fixed bug in undoc() - requiring new `chdir' argument
    for sys.source()

    o   Fixed problem in usemethod() where CAR(call) could be non-symbol.

    o   The x11() device no longer crashes R if a font is not found,
    and will warn if there is a size mismatch of more than 10%.


    o   R CMD Rd2dvi now sorts files alphabetically.

    o   Rdconv now reports if an invalid type is specified (rather
    than using latex).

    o   Support for Rd conversion to Sd has been reinstated (it was
    unintentionally removed along with nroff-based conversion to text).

    o   \deqn{} fix in R-exts.texi, PR#523.


    o   Linpack.h now makes clear which routines are actually in R.

    o   Entry-point "pythag" is now loaded even though it is not
    necessarily used in R.  Where "hypot" is available pythag
    just calls hypot after checking for special values.

    o   call_R will now correctly handle character vector arguments.

    o   The alphabet links on top of HTML function indices with more than
    100 entries now contain only the letters which are really
    first letters of at least one entry.



        CHANGES IN R VERSION 1.0.1


BUG FIXES

    o   pgamma(Inf, 1, Inf) gives NaN instead of an infinite loop, PR#462.

    o   Inline xaxt and yaxt parameters were ignored.

    o   Setting the normal RNG was not always recorded in .Random.seed.

    o   \link[pkg]{foo} links were wrongly translated to HTML.

    o   Direct use of show.data() with no args was incorrect.

    o   print.coefmat does sensible things if options
    show.signif.stars and show.coef.Pvalues are not set correctly.

    o   x <- list(a=1, b=2) ; x["c"] <- 3 now (again) stretches the list
    rather than give a "subscript out of bounds" error.

    o   Models with response appearing on rhs could cause segfault.

    o   as.data.frame.matrix will now ensure the columns added have
    non-empty names.

    o   Some (strange?) model formulas could cause memory corruption
    (thanks to John Fox for digging this up).

    o   Matrix multiplication in cases such as 1:3 %*% t(1:2) is accepted.

    o   Options --nsize and --vsize to R CMD check gave warning
    messages and only one was accepted.

    o   The autoload()s during startup are "wrapped" such
    that conflicting objects don't break startup.

    o   cor.test(*, meth="spear") {pkg ctest} now works (again) for n <= 6

    o   scale = 0 in biplot.princomp() now works.

    o   The scores given by princomp(, cor = TRUE) and the rotated
    values given by prcomp(, scale = TRUE) are now computed from the
    scaled data.

    o   barplot now works okay when length(col) < length(legend.txt),
    thanks to Ben Bolker, PR#494.

    o   legend has new args `ncol' and `horiz' thanks to Ben Bolker.

    o   kernel("dirichlet", m=10, r=1) in package ts now works.

    o   save/restore of  environments containing "..." object should
    work now.

    o   qhyper should work better for large N.

    o   qbinom(1-1e-16, n, p) , qpois() and qnbinom(*) looped for ever.

    o   as.matrix.data.frame no longer escapes quotes in character
    vectors.

    o   R would try to save the readline history at the end of
    non-interactive sessions, causing crashes on some systems.

    o   Subtle roundoff problems caused arrays to be allocated short in
    loess.c in some cases, leading to segfaults.

    o   Document that postscript(file="") sends the output directly to
    the default printer.

    o   ts.union(, dframe=TRUE) had a long-standing typo, now works.

    o   save(, ascii=TRUE) had problem with octal escapes in strings
    when there was a digit following, should work now.

    o   matpoints() and matlines() now also have a "type =" argument
    with defaults "p" and "l", respectively; PR#506.

    o   The new Perl 5.6 broke our version-detection mechanism. A
    better one has been inserted.

    o   X11(colortype="gray") failed to work on 8-bit screens, and
    more generally when colour allocation failed X11() did not
    revert to monochrome correctly (and did not say it was doing so).

    It was not documented in the help that to change the X11
    colortype one needs to close all open X11 devices.

    o   loessf.f in modreg defined DSIGN unecessarily and this caused
    a conflict on AIX.

    o   plot.lm will now work with rlm objects.

    o   start and end behave better when the frequency is not an integer.

    o   aggregate.ts is closer to S-PLUS's aggregate.rts.

    o   quantile(x) now works when x contains several +/- Inf's.

    o   guard against segfault in dataentry(0,0) (or, more
    realistically, when mistyping data.entry(x,y) as
    dataentry(x,y))


    *********************************************************
    *                           *
    *   News of 1.0.0 and earlier is in file `ONEWS'    *
    *                           *
    *********************************************************