The R Project SVN – R – Blame – /trunk/tests/Examples/grDevices-Ex.Rout.save

Rev	Author	Line No.	Line
56186	murdoch	1
90298	maechler	2	`R Under development (unstable) (2026-07-17 r90265) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"`
		3	`Copyright (C) 2026 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing`
85990	smeyer	4	`Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu`
56186	murdoch	5
		6	`R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.`
		7	`You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.`
		8	`Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.`
		9
		10	`R is a collaborative project with many contributors.`
		11	`Type 'contributors()' for more information and`
		12	`'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.`
		13
		14	`Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or`
		15	`'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.`
		16	`Type 'q()' to quit R.`
		17
		18	`> pkgname <- "grDevices"`
		19	`> source(file.path(R.home("share"), "R", "examples-header.R"))`
		20	`> options(warn = 1)`
		21	`> library('grDevices')`
82717	ripley	22	`>`
61787	ripley	23	`> base::assign(".oldSearch", base::search(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')`
73819	hornik	24	`> base::assign(".old_wd", base::getwd(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')`
56186	murdoch	25	`> cleanEx()`
		26	`> nameEx("Devices")`
		27	`> ### * Devices`
82717	ripley	28	`>`
56186	murdoch	29	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	30	`>`
56186	murdoch	31	`> ### Name: Devices`
		32	`> ### Title: List of Graphical Devices`
		33	`> ### Aliases: Devices device`
		34	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	35	`>`
56186	murdoch	36	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	37	`> ## Not run:`
56186	murdoch	38	`> ##D ## open the default screen device on this platform if no device is`
		39	`> ##D ## open`
		40	`> ##D if(dev.cur() == 1) dev.new()`
		41	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	42	`>`
		43	`>`
56186	murdoch	44	`> cleanEx()`
		45	`> nameEx("Hershey")`
		46	`> ### * Hershey`
82717	ripley	47	`>`
56186	murdoch	48	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	49	`>`
56186	murdoch	50	`> ### Name: Hershey`
		51	`> ### Title: Hershey Vector Fonts in R`
		52	`> ### Aliases: Hershey`
		53	`> ### Keywords: aplot`
82717	ripley	54	`>`
56186	murdoch	55	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	56	`>`
56186	murdoch	57	`> Hershey`
		58	`$typeface`
82717	ripley	59	`[1] "serif" "sans serif" "script"`
		60	`[4] "gothic english" "gothic german" "gothic italian"`
56186	murdoch	61	`[7] "serif symbol" "sans serif symbol"`
		62
		63	`$fontindex`
82717	ripley	64	`[1] "plain" "italic" "bold" "bold italic"`
		65	`[5] "cyrillic" "oblique cyrillic" "EUC"`
56186	murdoch	66
		67	`$allowed`
		68	`[,1] [,2]`
		69	`[1,] 1 1`
		70	`[2,] 1 2`
		71	`[3,] 1 3`
		72	`[4,] 1 4`
		73	`[5,] 1 5`
		74	`[6,] 1 6`
		75	`[7,] 1 7`
		76	`[8,] 2 1`
		77	`[9,] 2 2`
		78	`[10,] 2 3`
		79	`[11,] 2 4`
		80	`[12,] 3 1`
		81	`[13,] 3 2`
		82	`[14,] 3 3`
		83	`[15,] 4 1`
		84	`[16,] 5 1`
		85	`[17,] 6 1`
		86	`[18,] 7 1`
		87	`[19,] 7 2`
		88	`[20,] 7 3`
		89	`[21,] 7 4`
		90	`[22,] 8 1`
		91	`[23,] 8 2`
		92
82717	ripley	93	`>`
56186	murdoch	94	`> ## for tables of examples, see demo(Hershey)`
82717	ripley	95	`>`
		96	`>`
		97	`>`
56186	murdoch	98	`> cleanEx()`
		99	`> nameEx("Japanese")`
		100	`> ### * Japanese`
82717	ripley	101	`>`
56186	murdoch	102	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	103	`>`
56186	murdoch	104	`> ### Name: Japanese`
		105	`> ### Title: Japanese characters in R`
		106	`> ### Aliases: Japanese`
		107	`> ### Keywords: aplot`
82717	ripley	108	`>`
56186	murdoch	109	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	110	`>`
56186	murdoch	111	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	112	`>`
80081	hornik	113	`> plot(1:9, type = "n", axes = FALSE, frame.plot = TRUE, ylab = "",`
61157	ripley	114	`+ main = "example(Japanese)", xlab = "using Hershey fonts")`
		115	`> par(cex = 3)`
56186	murdoch	116	`> Vf <- c("serif", "plain")`
62738	murdoch	117	`> text(4, 2, "\\#J244b\\#J245b\\#J2473", vfont = Vf)`
		118	`> text(4, 4, "\\#J2538\\#J2563\\#J2551\\#J2573", vfont = Vf)`
56186	murdoch	119	`> text(4, 6, "\\#J467c\\#J4b5c", vfont = Vf)`
		120	`> text(4, 8, "Japan", vfont = Vf)`
61157	ripley	121	`> par(cex = 1)`
56186	murdoch	122	`> text(8, 2, "Hiragana")`
		123	`> text(8, 4, "Katakana")`
		124	`> text(8, 6, "Kanji")`
		125	`> text(8, 8, "English")`
82717	ripley	126	`>`
		127	`>`
		128	`>`
56186	murdoch	129	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		130	`> cleanEx()`
		131	`> nameEx("Type1Font")`
		132	`> ### * Type1Font`
82717	ripley	133	`>`
56186	murdoch	134	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	135	`>`
56186	murdoch	136	`> ### Name: Type1Font`
		137	`> ### Title: Type 1 and CID Fonts`
		138	`> ### Aliases: Type1Font CIDFont`
		139	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	140	`>`
56186	murdoch	141	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	142	`>`
56186	murdoch	143	`> ## This duplicates "ComputerModernItalic".`
		144	`> CMitalic <- Type1Font("ComputerModern2",`
		145	`+ c("CM_regular_10.afm", "CM_boldx_10.afm",`
		146	`+ "cmti10.afm", "cmbxti10.afm",`
		147	`+ "CM_symbol_10.afm"),`
		148	`+ encoding = "TeXtext.enc")`
82717	ripley	149	`>`
		150	`> ## Not run:`
56186	murdoch	151	`> ##D ## This could be used by`
		152	`> ##D postscript(family = CMitalic)`
		153	`> ##D ## or`
		154	`> ##D postscriptFonts(CMitalic = CMitalic) # once in a session`
		155	`> ##D postscript(family = "CMitalic", encoding = "TeXtext.enc")`
		156	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	157	`>`
		158	`>`
56186	murdoch	159	`> cleanEx()`
		160	`> nameEx("adjustcolor")`
		161	`> ### * adjustcolor`
82717	ripley	162	`>`
56186	murdoch	163	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	164	`>`
56186	murdoch	165	`> ### Name: adjustcolor`
84536	smeyer	166	`> ### Title: Adjust Colors in One or More Directions Conveniently`
56186	murdoch	167	`> ### Aliases: adjustcolor`
82717	ripley	168	`>`
56186	murdoch	169	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	170	`>`
56186	murdoch	171	`> ## Illustrative examples :`
		172	`> opal <- palette("default")`
		173	`> stopifnot(identical(adjustcolor(1:8, 0.75),`
		174	`+ adjustcolor(palette(), 0.75)))`
		175	`> cbind(palette(), adjustcolor(1:8, 0.75))`
82717	ripley	176	`[,1] [,2]`
56186	murdoch	177	`[1,] "black" "#000000BF"`
77336	murrell	178	`[2,] "#DF536B" "#DF536BBF"`
		179	`[3,] "#61D04F" "#61D04FBF"`
77438	murrell	180	`[4,] "#2297E6" "#2297E6BF"`
		181	`[5,] "#28E2E5" "#28E2E5BF"`
77499	murrell	182	`[6,] "#CD0BBC" "#CD0BBCBF"`
		183	`[7,] "#F5C710" "#F5C710BF"`
		184	`[8,] "gray62" "#9E9E9EBF"`
82717	ripley	185	`>`
56186	murdoch	186	`> ## alpha = 1/2 * previous alpha --> opaque colors`
		187	`> x <- palette(adjustcolor(palette(), 0.5))`
82717	ripley	188	`>`
56186	murdoch	189	`> sines <- outer(1:20, 1:4, function(x, y) sin(x / 20 * pi * y))`
		190	`> matplot(sines, type = "b", pch = 21:23, col = 2:5, bg = 2:5,`
		191	`+ main = "Using an 'opaque ('translucent') color palette")`
82717	ripley	192	`>`
61169	ripley	193	`> x. <- adjustcolor(x, offset = c(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0), # <- "more white"`
61157	ripley	194	`+ transform = diag(c(.7, .7, .7, 0.6)))`
56186	murdoch	195	`> cbind(x, x.)`
82717	ripley	196	`x x.`
56186	murdoch	197	`[1,] "black" "#80808099"`
77336	murrell	198	`[2,] "#DF536B" "#FFBACA99"`
		199	`[3,] "#61D04F" "#C3FFB799"`
77438	murrell	200	`[4,] "#2297E6" "#97E9FF99"`
		201	`[5,] "#28E2E5" "#9BFFFF99"`
77499	murrell	202	`[6,] "#CD0BBC" "#FF87FF99"`
		203	`[7,] "#F5C710" "#FFFF8B99"`
		204	`[8,] "gray62" "#EEEEEE99"`
61169	ripley	205	`> op <- par(bg = adjustcolor("goldenrod", offset = -rep(.4, 4)), xpd = NA)`
		206	`> plot(0:9, 0:9, type = "n", axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "",`
61157	ripley	207	`+ main = "adjustcolor() -> translucent")`
		208	`> text(1:8, labels = paste0(x,"++"), col = x., cex = 8)`
56186	murdoch	209	`> par(op)`
82717	ripley	210	`>`
56186	murdoch	211	`> ## and`
82717	ripley	212	`>`
61169	ripley	213	`> (M <- cbind( rbind( matrix(1/3, 3, 3), 0), c(0, 0, 0, 1)))`
56186	murdoch	214	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]`
		215	`[1,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0`
		216	`[2,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0`
		217	`[3,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0`
		218	`[4,] 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 1`
		219	`> adjustcolor(x, transform = M)`
77499	murrell	220	`[1] "#000000FF" "#8A8A8AFF" "#808080FF" "#8A8A8AFF" "#A5A5A5FF" "#878787FF"`
		221	`[7] "#999999FF" "#9E9E9EFF"`
82717	ripley	222	`>`
56186	murdoch	223	`> ## revert to previous palette: active`
		224	`> palette(opal)`
82717	ripley	225	`>`
		226	`>`
		227	`>`
56186	murdoch	228	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		229	`> cleanEx()`
		230	`> nameEx("as.raster")`
		231	`> ### * as.raster`
82717	ripley	232	`>`
56186	murdoch	233	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	234	`>`
56186	murdoch	235	`> ### Name: as.raster`
		236	`> ### Title: Create a Raster Object`
		237	`> ### Aliases: is.raster as.raster as.raster.logical as.raster.numeric`
69134	maechler	238	`> ### as.raster.raw as.raster.character as.raster.matrix as.raster.array`
56186	murdoch	239	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	240	`>`
56186	murdoch	241	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	242	`>`
56186	murdoch	243	`> # A red gradient`
		244	`> as.raster(matrix(hcl(0, 80, seq(50, 80, 10)),`
61157	ripley	245	`+ nrow = 4, ncol = 5))`
82717	ripley	246	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]`
56186	murdoch	247	`[1,] "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D"`
		248	`[2,] "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86"`
		249	`[3,] "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1"`
		250	`[4,] "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC"`
82717	ripley	251	`>`
56186	murdoch	252	`> # Vectors are 1-column matrices ...`
		253	`> # character vectors are color names ...`
		254	`> as.raster(hcl(0, 80, seq(50, 80, 10)))`
82717	ripley	255	`[,1]`
56186	murdoch	256	`[1,] "#C54E6D"`
		257	`[2,] "#E16A86"`
		258	`[3,] "#FE86A1"`
		259	`[4,] "#FFA2BC"`
		260	`> # numeric vectors are greyscale ...`
61157	ripley	261	`> as.raster(1:5, max = 5)`
82717	ripley	262	`[,1]`
56186	murdoch	263	`[1,] "#333333"`
		264	`[2,] "#666666"`
		265	`[3,] "#999999"`
		266	`[4,] "#CCCCCC"`
		267	`[5,] "#FFFFFF"`
69134	maechler	268	`> # logical vectors are black and white ...`
56186	murdoch	269	`> as.raster(1:10 %% 2 == 0)`
82717	ripley	270	`[,1]`
56186	murdoch	271	`[1,] "#000000"`
		272	`[2,] "#FFFFFF"`
		273	`[3,] "#000000"`
		274	`[4,] "#FFFFFF"`
		275	`[5,] "#000000"`
		276	`[6,] "#FFFFFF"`
		277	`[7,] "#000000"`
		278	`[8,] "#FFFFFF"`
		279	`[9,] "#000000"`
		280	`[10,] "#FFFFFF"`
82717	ripley	281	`>`
56186	murdoch	282	`> # ... unless nrow/ncol are supplied ...`
61157	ripley	283	`> as.raster(1:10 %% 2 == 0, nrow = 1)`
82717	ripley	284	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]`
56186	murdoch	285	`[1,] "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000"`
82717	ripley	286	`[,8] [,9] [,10]`
56186	murdoch	287	`[1,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF"`
82717	ripley	288	`>`
69134	maechler	289	`> # Matrix can also be logical or numeric (or raw) ...`
61157	ripley	290	`> as.raster(matrix(c(TRUE, FALSE), nrow = 3, ncol = 2))`
82717	ripley	291	`[,1] [,2]`
56186	murdoch	292	`[1,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000"`
		293	`[2,] "#000000" "#FFFFFF"`
		294	`[3,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000"`
61157	ripley	295	`> as.raster(matrix(1:3/4, nrow = 3, ncol = 4))`
82717	ripley	296	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]`
56186	murdoch	297	`[1,] "#404040" "#404040" "#404040" "#404040"`
		298	`[2,] "#808080" "#808080" "#808080" "#808080"`
		299	`[3,] "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF"`
82717	ripley	300	`>`
56186	murdoch	301	`> # An array can be 3-plane numeric (R, G, B planes) ...`
		302	`> as.raster(array(c(0:1, rep(0.5, 4)), c(2, 1, 3)))`
82717	ripley	303	`[,1]`
56186	murdoch	304	`[1,] "#008080"`
		305	`[2,] "#FF8080"`
82717	ripley	306	`>`
56186	murdoch	307	`> # ... or 4-plane numeric (R, G, B, A planes)`
		308	`> as.raster(array(c(0:1, rep(0.5, 6)), c(2, 1, 4)))`
82717	ripley	309	`[,1]`
56186	murdoch	310	`[1,] "#00808080"`
		311	`[2,] "#FF808080"`
82717	ripley	312	`>`
56186	murdoch	313	`> # subsetting`
61157	ripley	314	`> r <- as.raster(matrix(colors()[1:100], ncol = 10))`
56186	murdoch	315	`> r[, 2]`
82717	ripley	316	`[,1]`
56186	murdoch	317	`[1,] "aquamarine3"`
		318	`[2,] "aquamarine4"`
82717	ripley	319	`[3,] "azure"`
		320	`[4,] "azure1"`
		321	`[5,] "azure2"`
		322	`[6,] "azure3"`
		323	`[7,] "azure4"`
		324	`[8,] "beige"`
		325	`[9,] "bisque"`
		326	`[10,] "bisque1"`
56186	murdoch	327	`> r[2:4, 2:5]`
82717	ripley	328	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]`
		329	`[1,] "aquamarine4" "bisque3" "brown" "cadetblue"`
56186	murdoch	330	`[2,] "azure" "bisque4" "brown1" "cadetblue1"`
		331	`[3,] "azure1" "black" "brown2" "cadetblue2"`
82717	ripley	332	`>`
56186	murdoch	333	`> # assigning to subset`
		334	`> r[2:4, 2:5] <- "white"`
82717	ripley	335	`>`
56186	murdoch	336	`> # comparison`
		337	`> r == "white"`
		338	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]`
		339	`[1,] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		340	`[2,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		341	`[3,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		342	`[4,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		343	`[5,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		344	`[6,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		345	`[7,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		346	`[8,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		347	`[9,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		348	`[10,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
82717	ripley	349	`>`
		350	`> ## Don't show:`
56186	murdoch	351	`> stopifnot(r[] == r,`
		352	`+ identical(r[3:5], colors()[3:5]))`
		353	`> r[2:4] <- "black"`
61169	ripley	354	`> stopifnot(identical(r[1:4, 1], as.raster(c("white", rep("black", 3)))))`
66943	maechler	355	`> ## End(Don't show)`
82717	ripley	356	`>`
		357	`>`
		358	`>`
56186	murdoch	359	`> cleanEx()`
57122	maechler	360	`> nameEx("axisTicks")`
		361	`> ### * axisTicks`
82717	ripley	362	`>`
57122	maechler	363	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	364	`>`
57122	maechler	365	`> ### Name: axisTicks`
		366	`> ### Title: Compute Pretty Axis Tick Scales`
		367	`> ### Aliases: axisTicks .axisPars`
		368	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	369	`>`
57122	maechler	370	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	371	`>`
57122	maechler	372	`> ##--- Demonstrating correspondence between graphics'`
		373	`> ##--- axis() and the graphics-engine agnostic axisTicks() :`
82717	ripley	374	`>`
57122	maechler	375	`> require("graphics")`
		376	`> plot(10*(0:10)); (pu <- par("usr"))`
		377	`[1] 0.6 11.4 -4.0 104.0`
		378	`> aX <- function(side, at, ...)`
62642	hornik	379	`+ axis(side, at = at, labels = FALSE, lwd.ticks = 2, col.ticks = 2,`
		380	`+ tck = 0.05, ...)`
61169	ripley	381	`> aX(1, print(xa <- axisTicks(pu[1:2], log = FALSE))) # x axis`
57122	maechler	382	`[1] 2 4 6 8 10`
61169	ripley	383	`> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = FALSE))) # y axis`
57122	maechler	384	`[1] 0 20 40 60 80 100`
82717	ripley	385	`>`
80081	hornik	386	`> axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = FALSE, nint = 10)`
57122	maechler	387	`[1] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100`
82717	ripley	388	`>`
87344	maechler	389	`>`
		390	`> ## -------------------- Log Scale --------------------------------`
		391	`> x <- c(10, 1000)`
		392	`> # _____`
		393	`> axisTicks(log10(x), log = TRUE) # 10 20 50 .... 1000`
		394	`[1] 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000`
		395	`>`
		396	`> plot(10*(0:10), log = "y"); (pu <- par("usr")) # ... ... 0.96 2.04`
82505	maechler	397	`Warning in xy.coords(x, y, xlabel, ylabel, log) :`
		398	`1 y value <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot`
57122	maechler	399	`[1] 0.60 11.40 0.96 2.04`
87344	maechler	400	`> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = TRUE))) # 10 20 50 100 (y axis)`
57122	maechler	401	`[1] 10 20 50 100`
82717	ripley	402	`>`
61157	ripley	403	`> plot(2^(0:9), log = "y"); (pu <- par("usr"))`
57122	maechler	404	`[1] 0.6400000 10.3600000 -0.1083708 2.8176408`
61169	ripley	405	`> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = TRUE))) # y axis`
57122	maechler	406	`[1] 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500`
87344	maechler	407	`> ## 'usr' corresponds to log10(<range>) :`
		408	`> stopifnot(ya == axisTicks(log10(c(1, 512)), log=TRUE))`
82717	ripley	409	`>`
		410	`>`
		411	`>`
57122	maechler	412	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		413	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	414	`> nameEx("boxplot.stats")`
		415	`> ### * boxplot.stats`
82717	ripley	416	`>`
56186	murdoch	417	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	418	`>`
56186	murdoch	419	`> ### Name: boxplot.stats`
		420	`> ### Title: Box Plot Statistics`
		421	`> ### Aliases: boxplot.stats`
		422	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	423	`>`
56186	murdoch	424	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	425	`>`
56186	murdoch	426	`> require(stats)`
		427	`> x <- c(1:100, 1000)`
		428	`> (b1 <- boxplot.stats(x))`
		429	`$stats`
		430	`[1] 1 26 51 76 100`
		431
		432	`$n`
		433	`[1] 101`
		434
		435	`$conf`
		436	`[1] 43.13921 58.86079`
		437
		438	`$out`
		439	`[1] 1000`
		440
61157	ripley	441	`> (b2 <- boxplot.stats(x, do.conf = FALSE, do.out = FALSE))`
56186	murdoch	442	`$stats`
		443	`[1] 1 26 51 76 100`
		444
		445	`$n`
		446	`[1] 101`
		447
		448	`$conf`
		449	`NULL`
		450
		451	`$out`
		452	`numeric(0)`
		453
61157	ripley	454	`> stopifnot(b1 $ stats == b2 $ stats) # do.out = FALSE is still robust`
		455	`> boxplot.stats(x, coef = 3, do.conf = FALSE)`
56186	murdoch	456	`$stats`
		457	`[1] 1 26 51 76 100`
		458
		459	`$n`
		460	`[1] 101`
		461
		462	`$conf`
		463	`NULL`
		464
		465	`$out`
		466	`[1] 1000`
		467
85232	smeyer	468	`>`
56186	murdoch	469	`> ## no outlier treatment:`
85232	smeyer	470	`> (b3 <- boxplot.stats(x, coef = 0))`
56186	murdoch	471	`$stats`
		472	`[1] 1 26 51 76 1000`
		473
		474	`$n`
		475	`[1] 101`
		476
		477	`$conf`
		478	`[1] 43.13921 58.86079`
		479
		480	`$out`
		481	`numeric(0)`
		482
85232	smeyer	483	`> stopifnot(b3$stats == fivenum(x))`
82717	ripley	484	`>`
85232	smeyer	485	`> ## missing values are ignored`
		486	`> stopifnot(identical(boxplot.stats(c(x, NA)), b1))`
		487	`> ## ... infinite values are not:`
56186	murdoch	488	`> (r <- boxplot.stats(c(x, -1:1/0)))`
		489	`$stats`
		490	`[1] 1.0 25.5 51.0 76.5 100.0`
		491
		492	`$n`
		493	`[1] 103`
		494
		495	`$conf`
		496	`[1] 43.06022 58.93978`
		497
		498	`$out`
		499	`[1] 1000 -Inf Inf`
		500
		501	`> stopifnot(r$out == c(1000, -Inf, Inf))`
82717	ripley	502	`>`
		503	`> ## Don't show:`
56186	murdoch	504	`> ## Difference between quartiles and hinges :`
		505	`> nn <- 1:17 ; n4 <- nn %% 4`
		506	`> hin <- sapply(sapply(nn, seq), function(x) boxplot.stats(x)$stats[c(2,4)])`
		507	`> q13 <- sapply(sapply(nn, seq), quantile, probs = c(1,3)/4, names = FALSE)`
		508	`> m <- t(rbind(q13,hin))[, c(1,3,2,4)]`
		509	`> dimnames(m) <- list(paste(nn), c("q1","lH", "q3","uH"))`
61169	ripley	510	`> stopifnot(m[n4 == 1, 1:2] == (nn[n4 == 1] + 3)/4, # quart. = hinge`
61157	ripley	511	`+ m[n4 == 1, 3:4] == (3*nn[n4 == 1] + 1)/4,`
56186	murdoch	512	`+ m[,"lH"] == ( (nn+3) %/% 2) / 2,`
		513	`+ m[,"uH"] == ((3*nn+2)%/% 2) / 2)`
		514	`> cm <- noquote(format(m))`
		515	`> cm[m[,2] == m[,1], 2] <- " = "`
		516	`> cm[m[,4] == m[,3], 4] <- " = "`
		517	`> cm`
82717	ripley	518	`q1 lH q3 uH`
		519	`1 1.00 = 1.00 =`
56186	murdoch	520	`2 1.25 1.00 1.75 2.00`
82717	ripley	521	`3 1.50 = 2.50 =`
56186	murdoch	522	`4 1.75 1.50 3.25 3.50`
82717	ripley	523	`5 2.00 = 4.00 =`
56186	murdoch	524	`6 2.25 2.00 4.75 5.00`
82717	ripley	525	`7 2.50 = 5.50 =`
56186	murdoch	526	`8 2.75 2.50 6.25 6.50`
82717	ripley	527	`9 3.00 = 7.00 =`
56186	murdoch	528	`10 3.25 3.00 7.75 8.00`
82717	ripley	529	`11 3.50 = 8.50 =`
56186	murdoch	530	`12 3.75 3.50 9.25 9.50`
82717	ripley	531	`13 4.00 = 10.00 =`
56186	murdoch	532	`14 4.25 4.00 10.75 11.00`
82717	ripley	533	`15 4.50 = 11.50 =`
56186	murdoch	534	`16 4.75 4.50 12.25 12.50`
82717	ripley	535	`17 5.00 = 13.00 =`
66943	maechler	536	`> ## End(Don't show)`
82717	ripley	537	`>`
		538	`>`
		539	`>`
		540	`>`
56186	murdoch	541	`> cleanEx()`
78187	murrell	542	`> nameEx("cairoSymbolFont")`
		543	`> ### * cairoSymbolFont`
82717	ripley	544	`>`
78187	murrell	545	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	546	`>`
78187	murrell	547	`> ### Name: cairoSymbolFont`
		548	`> ### Title: Specify a Symbol Font`
		549	`> ### Aliases: cairoSymbolFont`
		550	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	551	`>`
78187	murrell	552	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	553	`>`
		554	`> ## Not run:`
78187	murrell	555	`> ##D ## If a font uses PUA, we can just specify the font name ...`
		556	`> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily="OpenSymbol")`
		557	`> ##D dev.off()`
		558	`> ##D ## ... or equivalently ...`
		559	`> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily=cairoSymbolFont("OpenSymbol"))`
		560	`> ##D dev.off()`
82717	ripley	561	`> ##D`
78187	murrell	562	`> ##D ## If a font does not use PUA, we must indicate that ...`
		563	`> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily=cairoSymbolFont("Nimbus Sans", usePUA=FALSE))`
		564	`> ##D dev.off()`
		565	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	566	`>`
		567	`>`
		568	`>`
78187	murrell	569	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	570	`> nameEx("check.options")`
		571	`> ### * check.options`
82717	ripley	572	`>`
56186	murdoch	573	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	574	`>`
56186	murdoch	575	`> ### Name: check.options`
		576	`> ### Title: Set Options with Consistency Checks`
		577	`> ### Aliases: check.options`
		578	`> ### Keywords: utilities programming`
82717	ripley	579	`>`
56186	murdoch	580	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	581	`>`
61157	ripley	582	`> (L1 <- list(a = 1:3, b = pi, ch = "CH"))`
56186	murdoch	583	`$a`
		584	`[1] 1 2 3`
		585
		586	`$b`
		587	`[1] 3.141593`
		588
		589	`$ch`
		590	`[1] "CH"`
		591
61157	ripley	592	`> check.options(list(a = 0:2), name.opt = "L1")`
56186	murdoch	593	`$a`
		594	`[1] 0 1 2`
		595
		596	`$b`
		597	`[1] 3.141593`
		598
		599	`$ch`
		600	`[1] "CH"`
		601
		602	`> check.options(NULL, reset = TRUE, name.opt = "L1")`
		603	`$a`
		604	`[1] 1 2 3`
		605
		606	`$b`
		607	`[1] 3.141593`
		608
		609	`$ch`
		610	`[1] "CH"`
		611
82717	ripley	612	`>`
		613	`>`
		614	`>`
56186	murdoch	615	`> cleanEx()`
		616	`> nameEx("chull")`
		617	`> ### * chull`
82717	ripley	618	`>`
56186	murdoch	619	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	620	`>`
56186	murdoch	621	`> ### Name: chull`
		622	`> ### Title: Compute Convex Hull of a Set of Points`
		623	`> ### Aliases: chull`
		624	`> ### Keywords: graphs`
82717	ripley	625	`>`
56186	murdoch	626	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	627	`>`
62213	ripley	628	`> X <- matrix(stats::rnorm(2000), ncol = 2)`
56186	murdoch	629	`> chull(X)`
		630	`[1] 61 442 165 899 697 446 975 656 232 557 938 295 495`
82717	ripley	631	`>`
86049	smeyer	632	`> plot(X, cex = 0.5)`
		633	`> polygon(X[chull(X), ])`
82717	ripley	634	`>`
		635	`>`
86049	smeyer	636	`>`
56186	murdoch	637	`> cleanEx()`
		638	`> nameEx("cm")`
		639	`> ### * cm`
82717	ripley	640	`>`
56186	murdoch	641	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	642	`>`
56186	murdoch	643	`> ### Name: cm`
		644	`> ### Title: Unit Transformation`
		645	`> ### Aliases: cm`
		646	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	647	`>`
56186	murdoch	648	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	649	`>`
61169	ripley	650	`> cm(1) # = 2.54`
56186	murdoch	651	`[1] 2.54`
82717	ripley	652	`>`
56186	murdoch	653	`> ## Translate from cm to inches:`
82717	ripley	654	`>`
56186	murdoch	655	`> 10 / cm(1) # -> 10cm are 3.937 inches`
		656	`[1] 3.937008`
82717	ripley	657	`>`
		658	`>`
		659	`>`
56186	murdoch	660	`> cleanEx()`
		661	`> nameEx("col2rgb")`
		662	`> ### * col2rgb`
82717	ripley	663	`>`
56186	murdoch	664	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	665	`>`
56186	murdoch	666	`> ### Name: col2rgb`
		667	`> ### Title: Color to RGB Conversion`
		668	`> ### Aliases: col2rgb`
		669	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
82717	ripley	670	`>`
56186	murdoch	671	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	672	`>`
56186	murdoch	673	`> col2rgb("peachpuff")`
		674	`[,1]`
		675	`red 255`
		676	`green 218`
		677	`blue 185`
61255	ripley	678	`> col2rgb(c(blu = "royalblue", reddish = "tomato")) # note: colnames`
56186	murdoch	679	`blu reddish`
		680	`red 65 255`
		681	`green 105 99`
		682	`blue 225 71`
82717	ripley	683	`>`
61255	ripley	684	`> col2rgb(1:8) # the ones from the palette() (if the default)`
56186	murdoch	685	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8]`
77499	murrell	686	`red 0 223 97 34 40 205 245 158`
		687	`green 0 83 208 151 226 11 199 158`
		688	`blue 0 107 79 230 229 188 16 158`
82717	ripley	689	`>`
61157	ripley	690	`> col2rgb(paste0("gold", 1:4))`
56186	murdoch	691	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]`
		692	`red 255 238 205 139`
		693	`green 215 201 173 117`
		694	`blue 0 0 0 0`
82717	ripley	695	`>`
56186	murdoch	696	`> col2rgb("#08a0ff")`
		697	`[,1]`
		698	`red 8`
		699	`green 160`
		700	`blue 255`
61300	ripley	701	`> ## all three kinds of color specifications:`
		702	`> col2rgb(c(red = "red", hex = "#abcdef"))`
		703	`red hex`
		704	`red 255 171`
		705	`green 0 205`
		706	`blue 0 239`
		707	`> col2rgb(c(palette = 1:3))`
		708	`palette1 palette2 palette3`
77336	murrell	709	`red 0 223 97`
		710	`green 0 83 208`
		711	`blue 0 107 79`
82717	ripley	712	`>`
85039	murrell	713	`> # long and short form of hexadecimal notation`
		714	`> col2rgb(c(long = "#559955", short = "#595"))`
		715	`long short`
		716	`red 85 85`
		717	`green 153 153`
		718	`blue 85 85`
		719	`> # with alpha`
		720	`> col2rgb(c(long = "#559955BB", short = "#595B"), alpha = TRUE)`
		721	`long short`
		722	`red 85 85`
		723	`green 153 153`
		724	`blue 85 85`
		725	`alpha 187 187`
		726	`>`
56186	murdoch	727	`> ##-- NON-INTRODUCTORY examples --`
82717	ripley	728	`>`
61157	ripley	729	`> grC <- col2rgb(paste0("gray", 0:100))`
61169	ripley	730	`> table(print(diff(grC["red",]))) # '2' or '3': almost equidistant`
56186	murdoch	731	`[1] 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2`
		732	`[38] 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3`
		733	`[75] 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3`
		734
82717	ripley	735	`2 3`
		736	`45 55`
56186	murdoch	737	`> ## The 'named' grays are in between {"slate gray" is not gray, strictly}`
61157	ripley	738	`> col2rgb(c(g66 = "gray66", darkg = "dark gray", g67 = "gray67",`
		739	`+ g74 = "gray74", gray = "gray", g75 = "gray75",`
		740	`+ g82 = "gray82", light = "light gray", g83 = "gray83"))`
56186	murdoch	741	`g66 darkg g67 g74 gray g75 g82 light g83`
		742	`red 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212`
		743	`green 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212`
		744	`blue 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212`
82717	ripley	745	`>`
56186	murdoch	746	`> crgb <- col2rgb(cc <- colors())`
		747	`> colnames(crgb) <- cc`
61169	ripley	748	`> t(crgb) # The whole table`
56186	murdoch	749	`red green blue`
		750	`white 255 255 255`
		751	`aliceblue 240 248 255`
		752	`antiquewhite 250 235 215`
		753	`antiquewhite1 255 239 219`
		754	`antiquewhite2 238 223 204`
		755	`antiquewhite3 205 192 176`
		756	`antiquewhite4 139 131 120`
		757	`aquamarine 127 255 212`
		758	`aquamarine1 127 255 212`
		759	`aquamarine2 118 238 198`
		760	`aquamarine3 102 205 170`
		761	`aquamarine4 69 139 116`
		762	`azure 240 255 255`
		763	`azure1 240 255 255`
		764	`azure2 224 238 238`
		765	`azure3 193 205 205`
		766	`azure4 131 139 139`
		767	`beige 245 245 220`
		768	`bisque 255 228 196`
		769	`bisque1 255 228 196`
		770	`bisque2 238 213 183`
		771	`bisque3 205 183 158`
		772	`bisque4 139 125 107`
		773	`black 0 0 0`
		774	`blanchedalmond 255 235 205`
		775	`blue 0 0 255`
		776	`blue1 0 0 255`
		777	`blue2 0 0 238`
		778	`blue3 0 0 205`
		779	`blue4 0 0 139`
		780	`blueviolet 138 43 226`
		781	`brown 165 42 42`
		782	`brown1 255 64 64`
		783	`brown2 238 59 59`
		784	`brown3 205 51 51`
		785	`brown4 139 35 35`
		786	`burlywood 222 184 135`
		787	`burlywood1 255 211 155`
		788	`burlywood2 238 197 145`
		789	`burlywood3 205 170 125`
		790	`burlywood4 139 115 85`
		791	`cadetblue 95 158 160`
		792	`cadetblue1 152 245 255`
		793	`cadetblue2 142 229 238`
		794	`cadetblue3 122 197 205`
		795	`cadetblue4 83 134 139`
		796	`chartreuse 127 255 0`
		797	`chartreuse1 127 255 0`
		798	`chartreuse2 118 238 0`
		799	`chartreuse3 102 205 0`
		800	`chartreuse4 69 139 0`
		801	`chocolate 210 105 30`
		802	`chocolate1 255 127 36`
		803	`chocolate2 238 118 33`
		804	`chocolate3 205 102 29`
		805	`chocolate4 139 69 19`
		806	`coral 255 127 80`
		807	`coral1 255 114 86`
		808	`coral2 238 106 80`
		809	`coral3 205 91 69`
		810	`coral4 139 62 47`
		811	`cornflowerblue 100 149 237`
		812	`cornsilk 255 248 220`
		813	`cornsilk1 255 248 220`
		814	`cornsilk2 238 232 205`
		815	`cornsilk3 205 200 177`
		816	`cornsilk4 139 136 120`
		817	`cyan 0 255 255`
		818	`cyan1 0 255 255`
		819	`cyan2 0 238 238`
		820	`cyan3 0 205 205`
		821	`cyan4 0 139 139`
		822	`darkblue 0 0 139`
		823	`darkcyan 0 139 139`
		824	`darkgoldenrod 184 134 11`
		825	`darkgoldenrod1 255 185 15`
		826	`darkgoldenrod2 238 173 14`
		827	`darkgoldenrod3 205 149 12`
		828	`darkgoldenrod4 139 101 8`
		829	`darkgray 169 169 169`
		830	`darkgreen 0 100 0`
		831	`darkgrey 169 169 169`
		832	`darkkhaki 189 183 107`
		833	`darkmagenta 139 0 139`
		834	`darkolivegreen 85 107 47`
		835	`darkolivegreen1 202 255 112`
		836	`darkolivegreen2 188 238 104`
		837	`darkolivegreen3 162 205 90`
		838	`darkolivegreen4 110 139 61`
		839	`darkorange 255 140 0`
		840	`darkorange1 255 127 0`
		841	`darkorange2 238 118 0`
		842	`darkorange3 205 102 0`
		843	`darkorange4 139 69 0`
		844	`darkorchid 153 50 204`
		845	`darkorchid1 191 62 255`
		846	`darkorchid2 178 58 238`
		847	`darkorchid3 154 50 205`
		848	`darkorchid4 104 34 139`
		849	`darkred 139 0 0`
		850	`darksalmon 233 150 122`
		851	`darkseagreen 143 188 143`
		852	`darkseagreen1 193 255 193`
		853	`darkseagreen2 180 238 180`
		854	`darkseagreen3 155 205 155`
		855	`darkseagreen4 105 139 105`
		856	`darkslateblue 72 61 139`
		857	`darkslategray 47 79 79`
		858	`darkslategray1 151 255 255`
		859	`darkslategray2 141 238 238`
		860	`darkslategray3 121 205 205`
		861	`darkslategray4 82 139 139`
		862	`darkslategrey 47 79 79`
		863	`darkturquoise 0 206 209`
		864	`darkviolet 148 0 211`
		865	`deeppink 255 20 147`
		866	`deeppink1 255 20 147`
		867	`deeppink2 238 18 137`
		868	`deeppink3 205 16 118`
		869	`deeppink4 139 10 80`
		870	`deepskyblue 0 191 255`
		871	`deepskyblue1 0 191 255`
		872	`deepskyblue2 0 178 238`
		873	`deepskyblue3 0 154 205`
		874	`deepskyblue4 0 104 139`
		875	`dimgray 105 105 105`
		876	`dimgrey 105 105 105`
		877	`dodgerblue 30 144 255`
		878	`dodgerblue1 30 144 255`
		879	`dodgerblue2 28 134 238`
		880	`dodgerblue3 24 116 205`
		881	`dodgerblue4 16 78 139`
		882	`firebrick 178 34 34`
		883	`firebrick1 255 48 48`
		884	`firebrick2 238 44 44`
		885	`firebrick3 205 38 38`
		886	`firebrick4 139 26 26`
		887	`floralwhite 255 250 240`
		888	`forestgreen 34 139 34`
		889	`gainsboro 220 220 220`
		890	`ghostwhite 248 248 255`
		891	`gold 255 215 0`
		892	`gold1 255 215 0`
		893	`gold2 238 201 0`
		894	`gold3 205 173 0`
		895	`gold4 139 117 0`
		896	`goldenrod 218 165 32`
		897	`goldenrod1 255 193 37`
		898	`goldenrod2 238 180 34`
		899	`goldenrod3 205 155 29`
		900	`goldenrod4 139 105 20`
		901	`gray 190 190 190`
		902	`gray0 0 0 0`
		903	`gray1 3 3 3`
		904	`gray2 5 5 5`
		905	`gray3 8 8 8`
		906	`gray4 10 10 10`
		907	`gray5 13 13 13`
		908	`gray6 15 15 15`
		909	`gray7 18 18 18`
		910	`gray8 20 20 20`
		911	`gray9 23 23 23`
		912	`gray10 26 26 26`
		913	`gray11 28 28 28`
		914	`gray12 31 31 31`
		915	`gray13 33 33 33`
		916	`gray14 36 36 36`
		917	`gray15 38 38 38`
		918	`gray16 41 41 41`
		919	`gray17 43 43 43`
		920	`gray18 46 46 46`
		921	`gray19 48 48 48`
		922	`gray20 51 51 51`
		923	`gray21 54 54 54`
		924	`gray22 56 56 56`
		925	`gray23 59 59 59`
		926	`gray24 61 61 61`
		927	`gray25 64 64 64`
		928	`gray26 66 66 66`
		929	`gray27 69 69 69`
		930	`gray28 71 71 71`
		931	`gray29 74 74 74`
		932	`gray30 77 77 77`
		933	`gray31 79 79 79`
		934	`gray32 82 82 82`
		935	`gray33 84 84 84`
		936	`gray34 87 87 87`
		937	`gray35 89 89 89`
		938	`gray36 92 92 92`
		939	`gray37 94 94 94`
		940	`gray38 97 97 97`
		941	`gray39 99 99 99`
		942	`gray40 102 102 102`
		943	`gray41 105 105 105`
		944	`gray42 107 107 107`
		945	`gray43 110 110 110`
		946	`gray44 112 112 112`
		947	`gray45 115 115 115`
		948	`gray46 117 117 117`
		949	`gray47 120 120 120`
		950	`gray48 122 122 122`
		951	`gray49 125 125 125`
		952	`gray50 127 127 127`
		953	`gray51 130 130 130`
		954	`gray52 133 133 133`
		955	`gray53 135 135 135`
		956	`gray54 138 138 138`
		957	`gray55 140 140 140`
		958	`gray56 143 143 143`
		959	`gray57 145 145 145`
		960	`gray58 148 148 148`
		961	`gray59 150 150 150`
		962	`gray60 153 153 153`
		963	`gray61 156 156 156`
		964	`gray62 158 158 158`
		965	`gray63 161 161 161`
		966	`gray64 163 163 163`
		967	`gray65 166 166 166`
		968	`gray66 168 168 168`
		969	`gray67 171 171 171`
		970	`gray68 173 173 173`
		971	`gray69 176 176 176`
		972	`gray70 179 179 179`
		973	`gray71 181 181 181`
		974	`gray72 184 184 184`
		975	`gray73 186 186 186`
		976	`gray74 189 189 189`
		977	`gray75 191 191 191`
		978	`gray76 194 194 194`
		979	`gray77 196 196 196`
		980	`gray78 199 199 199`
		981	`gray79 201 201 201`
		982	`gray80 204 204 204`
		983	`gray81 207 207 207`
		984	`gray82 209 209 209`
		985	`gray83 212 212 212`
		986	`gray84 214 214 214`
		987	`gray85 217 217 217`
		988	`gray86 219 219 219`
		989	`gray87 222 222 222`
		990	`gray88 224 224 224`
		991	`gray89 227 227 227`
		992	`gray90 229 229 229`
		993	`gray91 232 232 232`
		994	`gray92 235 235 235`
		995	`gray93 237 237 237`
		996	`gray94 240 240 240`
		997	`gray95 242 242 242`
		998	`gray96 245 245 245`
		999	`gray97 247 247 247`
		1000	`gray98 250 250 250`
		1001	`gray99 252 252 252`
		1002	`gray100 255 255 255`
		1003	`green 0 255 0`
		1004	`green1 0 255 0`
		1005	`green2 0 238 0`
		1006	`green3 0 205 0`
		1007	`green4 0 139 0`
		1008	`greenyellow 173 255 47`
		1009	`grey 190 190 190`
		1010	`grey0 0 0 0`
		1011	`grey1 3 3 3`
		1012	`grey2 5 5 5`
		1013	`grey3 8 8 8`
		1014	`grey4 10 10 10`
		1015	`grey5 13 13 13`
		1016	`grey6 15 15 15`
		1017	`grey7 18 18 18`
		1018	`grey8 20 20 20`
		1019	`grey9 23 23 23`
		1020	`grey10 26 26 26`
		1021	`grey11 28 28 28`
		1022	`grey12 31 31 31`
		1023	`grey13 33 33 33`
		1024	`grey14 36 36 36`
		1025	`grey15 38 38 38`
		1026	`grey16 41 41 41`
		1027	`grey17 43 43 43`
		1028	`grey18 46 46 46`
		1029	`grey19 48 48 48`
		1030	`grey20 51 51 51`
		1031	`grey21 54 54 54`
		1032	`grey22 56 56 56`
		1033	`grey23 59 59 59`
		1034	`grey24 61 61 61`
		1035	`grey25 64 64 64`
		1036	`grey26 66 66 66`
		1037	`grey27 69 69 69`
		1038	`grey28 71 71 71`
		1039	`grey29 74 74 74`
		1040	`grey30 77 77 77`
		1041	`grey31 79 79 79`
		1042	`grey32 82 82 82`
		1043	`grey33 84 84 84`
		1044	`grey34 87 87 87`
		1045	`grey35 89 89 89`
		1046	`grey36 92 92 92`
		1047	`grey37 94 94 94`
		1048	`grey38 97 97 97`
		1049	`grey39 99 99 99`
		1050	`grey40 102 102 102`
		1051	`grey41 105 105 105`
		1052	`grey42 107 107 107`
		1053	`grey43 110 110 110`
		1054	`grey44 112 112 112`
		1055	`grey45 115 115 115`
		1056	`grey46 117 117 117`
		1057	`grey47 120 120 120`
		1058	`grey48 122 122 122`
		1059	`grey49 125 125 125`
		1060	`grey50 127 127 127`
		1061	`grey51 130 130 130`
		1062	`grey52 133 133 133`
		1063	`grey53 135 135 135`
		1064	`grey54 138 138 138`
		1065	`grey55 140 140 140`
		1066	`grey56 143 143 143`
		1067	`grey57 145 145 145`
		1068	`grey58 148 148 148`
		1069	`grey59 150 150 150`
		1070	`grey60 153 153 153`
		1071	`grey61 156 156 156`
		1072	`grey62 158 158 158`
		1073	`grey63 161 161 161`
		1074	`grey64 163 163 163`
		1075	`grey65 166 166 166`
		1076	`grey66 168 168 168`
		1077	`grey67 171 171 171`
		1078	`grey68 173 173 173`
		1079	`grey69 176 176 176`
		1080	`grey70 179 179 179`
		1081	`grey71 181 181 181`
		1082	`grey72 184 184 184`
		1083	`grey73 186 186 186`
		1084	`grey74 189 189 189`
		1085	`grey75 191 191 191`
		1086	`grey76 194 194 194`
		1087	`grey77 196 196 196`
		1088	`grey78 199 199 199`
		1089	`grey79 201 201 201`
		1090	`grey80 204 204 204`
		1091	`grey81 207 207 207`
		1092	`grey82 209 209 209`
		1093	`grey83 212 212 212`
		1094	`grey84 214 214 214`
		1095	`grey85 217 217 217`
		1096	`grey86 219 219 219`
		1097	`grey87 222 222 222`
		1098	`grey88 224 224 224`
		1099	`grey89 227 227 227`
		1100	`grey90 229 229 229`
		1101	`grey91 232 232 232`
		1102	`grey92 235 235 235`
		1103	`grey93 237 237 237`
		1104	`grey94 240 240 240`
		1105	`grey95 242 242 242`
		1106	`grey96 245 245 245`
		1107	`grey97 247 247 247`
		1108	`grey98 250 250 250`
		1109	`grey99 252 252 252`
		1110	`grey100 255 255 255`
		1111	`honeydew 240 255 240`
		1112	`honeydew1 240 255 240`
		1113	`honeydew2 224 238 224`
		1114	`honeydew3 193 205 193`
		1115	`honeydew4 131 139 131`
		1116	`hotpink 255 105 180`
		1117	`hotpink1 255 110 180`
		1118	`hotpink2 238 106 167`
		1119	`hotpink3 205 96 144`
		1120	`hotpink4 139 58 98`
		1121	`indianred 205 92 92`
		1122	`indianred1 255 106 106`
		1123	`indianred2 238 99 99`
		1124	`indianred3 205 85 85`
		1125	`indianred4 139 58 58`
		1126	`ivory 255 255 240`
		1127	`ivory1 255 255 240`
		1128	`ivory2 238 238 224`
		1129	`ivory3 205 205 193`
		1130	`ivory4 139 139 131`
		1131	`khaki 240 230 140`
		1132	`khaki1 255 246 143`
		1133	`khaki2 238 230 133`
		1134	`khaki3 205 198 115`
		1135	`khaki4 139 134 78`
		1136	`lavender 230 230 250`
		1137	`lavenderblush 255 240 245`
		1138	`lavenderblush1 255 240 245`
		1139	`lavenderblush2 238 224 229`
		1140	`lavenderblush3 205 193 197`
		1141	`lavenderblush4 139 131 134`
		1142	`lawngreen 124 252 0`
		1143	`lemonchiffon 255 250 205`
		1144	`lemonchiffon1 255 250 205`
		1145	`lemonchiffon2 238 233 191`
		1146	`lemonchiffon3 205 201 165`
		1147	`lemonchiffon4 139 137 112`
		1148	`lightblue 173 216 230`
		1149	`lightblue1 191 239 255`
		1150	`lightblue2 178 223 238`
		1151	`lightblue3 154 192 205`
		1152	`lightblue4 104 131 139`
		1153	`lightcoral 240 128 128`
		1154	`lightcyan 224 255 255`
		1155	`lightcyan1 224 255 255`
		1156	`lightcyan2 209 238 238`
		1157	`lightcyan3 180 205 205`
		1158	`lightcyan4 122 139 139`
		1159	`lightgoldenrod 238 221 130`
		1160	`lightgoldenrod1 255 236 139`
		1161	`lightgoldenrod2 238 220 130`
		1162	`lightgoldenrod3 205 190 112`
		1163	`lightgoldenrod4 139 129 76`
		1164	`lightgoldenrodyellow 250 250 210`
		1165	`lightgray 211 211 211`
		1166	`lightgreen 144 238 144`
		1167	`lightgrey 211 211 211`
		1168	`lightpink 255 182 193`
		1169	`lightpink1 255 174 185`
		1170	`lightpink2 238 162 173`
		1171	`lightpink3 205 140 149`
		1172	`lightpink4 139 95 101`
		1173	`lightsalmon 255 160 122`
		1174	`lightsalmon1 255 160 122`
		1175	`lightsalmon2 238 149 114`
		1176	`lightsalmon3 205 129 98`
		1177	`lightsalmon4 139 87 66`
		1178	`lightseagreen 32 178 170`
		1179	`lightskyblue 135 206 250`
		1180	`lightskyblue1 176 226 255`
		1181	`lightskyblue2 164 211 238`
		1182	`lightskyblue3 141 182 205`
		1183	`lightskyblue4 96 123 139`
		1184	`lightslateblue 132 112 255`
		1185	`lightslategray 119 136 153`
		1186	`lightslategrey 119 136 153`
		1187	`lightsteelblue 176 196 222`
		1188	`lightsteelblue1 202 225 255`
		1189	`lightsteelblue2 188 210 238`
		1190	`lightsteelblue3 162 181 205`
		1191	`lightsteelblue4 110 123 139`
		1192	`lightyellow 255 255 224`
		1193	`lightyellow1 255 255 224`
		1194	`lightyellow2 238 238 209`
		1195	`lightyellow3 205 205 180`
		1196	`lightyellow4 139 139 122`
		1197	`limegreen 50 205 50`
		1198	`linen 250 240 230`
		1199	`magenta 255 0 255`
		1200	`magenta1 255 0 255`
		1201	`magenta2 238 0 238`
		1202	`magenta3 205 0 205`
		1203	`magenta4 139 0 139`
		1204	`maroon 176 48 96`
		1205	`maroon1 255 52 179`
		1206	`maroon2 238 48 167`
		1207	`maroon3 205 41 144`
		1208	`maroon4 139 28 98`
		1209	`mediumaquamarine 102 205 170`
		1210	`mediumblue 0 0 205`
		1211	`mediumorchid 186 85 211`
		1212	`mediumorchid1 224 102 255`
		1213	`mediumorchid2 209 95 238`
		1214	`mediumorchid3 180 82 205`
		1215	`mediumorchid4 122 55 139`
		1216	`mediumpurple 147 112 219`
		1217	`mediumpurple1 171 130 255`
		1218	`mediumpurple2 159 121 238`
		1219	`mediumpurple3 137 104 205`
		1220	`mediumpurple4 93 71 139`
		1221	`mediumseagreen 60 179 113`
		1222	`mediumslateblue 123 104 238`
		1223	`mediumspringgreen 0 250 154`
		1224	`mediumturquoise 72 209 204`
		1225	`mediumvioletred 199 21 133`
		1226	`midnightblue 25 25 112`
		1227	`mintcream 245 255 250`
		1228	`mistyrose 255 228 225`
		1229	`mistyrose1 255 228 225`
		1230	`mistyrose2 238 213 210`
		1231	`mistyrose3 205 183 181`
		1232	`mistyrose4 139 125 123`
		1233	`moccasin 255 228 181`
		1234	`navajowhite 255 222 173`
		1235	`navajowhite1 255 222 173`
		1236	`navajowhite2 238 207 161`
		1237	`navajowhite3 205 179 139`
		1238	`navajowhite4 139 121 94`
		1239	`navy 0 0 128`
		1240	`navyblue 0 0 128`
		1241	`oldlace 253 245 230`
		1242	`olivedrab 107 142 35`
		1243	`olivedrab1 192 255 62`
		1244	`olivedrab2 179 238 58`
		1245	`olivedrab3 154 205 50`
		1246	`olivedrab4 105 139 34`
		1247	`orange 255 165 0`
		1248	`orange1 255 165 0`
		1249	`orange2 238 154 0`
		1250	`orange3 205 133 0`
		1251	`orange4 139 90 0`
		1252	`orangered 255 69 0`
		1253	`orangered1 255 69 0`
		1254	`orangered2 238 64 0`
		1255	`orangered3 205 55 0`
		1256	`orangered4 139 37 0`
		1257	`orchid 218 112 214`
		1258	`orchid1 255 131 250`
		1259	`orchid2 238 122 233`
		1260	`orchid3 205 105 201`
		1261	`orchid4 139 71 137`
		1262	`palegoldenrod 238 232 170`
		1263	`palegreen 152 251 152`
		1264	`palegreen1 154 255 154`
		1265	`palegreen2 144 238 144`
		1266	`palegreen3 124 205 124`
		1267	`palegreen4 84 139 84`
		1268	`paleturquoise 175 238 238`
		1269	`paleturquoise1 187 255 255`
		1270	`paleturquoise2 174 238 238`
		1271	`paleturquoise3 150 205 205`
		1272	`paleturquoise4 102 139 139`
		1273	`palevioletred 219 112 147`
		1274	`palevioletred1 255 130 171`
		1275	`palevioletred2 238 121 159`
		1276	`palevioletred3 205 104 137`
		1277	`palevioletred4 139 71 93`
		1278	`papayawhip 255 239 213`
		1279	`peachpuff 255 218 185`
		1280	`peachpuff1 255 218 185`
		1281	`peachpuff2 238 203 173`
		1282	`peachpuff3 205 175 149`
		1283	`peachpuff4 139 119 101`
		1284	`peru 205 133 63`
		1285	`pink 255 192 203`
		1286	`pink1 255 181 197`
		1287	`pink2 238 169 184`
		1288	`pink3 205 145 158`
		1289	`pink4 139 99 108`
		1290	`plum 221 160 221`
		1291	`plum1 255 187 255`
		1292	`plum2 238 174 238`
		1293	`plum3 205 150 205`
		1294	`plum4 139 102 139`
		1295	`powderblue 176 224 230`
		1296	`purple 160 32 240`
		1297	`purple1 155 48 255`
		1298	`purple2 145 44 238`
		1299	`purple3 125 38 205`
		1300	`purple4 85 26 139`
		1301	`red 255 0 0`
		1302	`red1 255 0 0`
		1303	`red2 238 0 0`
		1304	`red3 205 0 0`
		1305	`red4 139 0 0`
		1306	`rosybrown 188 143 143`
		1307	`rosybrown1 255 193 193`
		1308	`rosybrown2 238 180 180`
		1309	`rosybrown3 205 155 155`
		1310	`rosybrown4 139 105 105`
		1311	`royalblue 65 105 225`
		1312	`royalblue1 72 118 255`
		1313	`royalblue2 67 110 238`
		1314	`royalblue3 58 95 205`
		1315	`royalblue4 39 64 139`
		1316	`saddlebrown 139 69 19`
		1317	`salmon 250 128 114`
		1318	`salmon1 255 140 105`
		1319	`salmon2 238 130 98`
		1320	`salmon3 205 112 84`
		1321	`salmon4 139 76 57`
		1322	`sandybrown 244 164 96`
		1323	`seagreen 46 139 87`
		1324	`seagreen1 84 255 159`
		1325	`seagreen2 78 238 148`
		1326	`seagreen3 67 205 128`
		1327	`seagreen4 46 139 87`
		1328	`seashell 255 245 238`
		1329	`seashell1 255 245 238`
		1330	`seashell2 238 229 222`
		1331	`seashell3 205 197 191`
		1332	`seashell4 139 134 130`
		1333	`sienna 160 82 45`
		1334	`sienna1 255 130 71`
		1335	`sienna2 238 121 66`
		1336	`sienna3 205 104 57`
		1337	`sienna4 139 71 38`
		1338	`skyblue 135 206 235`
		1339	`skyblue1 135 206 255`
		1340	`skyblue2 126 192 238`
		1341	`skyblue3 108 166 205`
		1342	`skyblue4 74 112 139`
		1343	`slateblue 106 90 205`
		1344	`slateblue1 131 111 255`
		1345	`slateblue2 122 103 238`
		1346	`slateblue3 105 89 205`
		1347	`slateblue4 71 60 139`
		1348	`slategray 112 128 144`
		1349	`slategray1 198 226 255`
		1350	`slategray2 185 211 238`
		1351	`slategray3 159 182 205`
		1352	`slategray4 108 123 139`
		1353	`slategrey 112 128 144`
		1354	`snow 255 250 250`
		1355	`snow1 255 250 250`
		1356	`snow2 238 233 233`
		1357	`snow3 205 201 201`
		1358	`snow4 139 137 137`
		1359	`springgreen 0 255 127`
		1360	`springgreen1 0 255 127`
		1361	`springgreen2 0 238 118`
		1362	`springgreen3 0 205 102`
		1363	`springgreen4 0 139 69`
		1364	`steelblue 70 130 180`
		1365	`steelblue1 99 184 255`
		1366	`steelblue2 92 172 238`
		1367	`steelblue3 79 148 205`
		1368	`steelblue4 54 100 139`
		1369	`tan 210 180 140`
		1370	`tan1 255 165 79`
		1371	`tan2 238 154 73`
		1372	`tan3 205 133 63`
		1373	`tan4 139 90 43`
		1374	`thistle 216 191 216`
		1375	`thistle1 255 225 255`
		1376	`thistle2 238 210 238`
		1377	`thistle3 205 181 205`
		1378	`thistle4 139 123 139`
		1379	`tomato 255 99 71`
		1380	`tomato1 255 99 71`
		1381	`tomato2 238 92 66`
		1382	`tomato3 205 79 57`
		1383	`tomato4 139 54 38`
		1384	`turquoise 64 224 208`
		1385	`turquoise1 0 245 255`
		1386	`turquoise2 0 229 238`
		1387	`turquoise3 0 197 205`
		1388	`turquoise4 0 134 139`
		1389	`violet 238 130 238`
		1390	`violetred 208 32 144`
		1391	`violetred1 255 62 150`
		1392	`violetred2 238 58 140`
		1393	`violetred3 205 50 120`
		1394	`violetred4 139 34 82`
		1395	`wheat 245 222 179`
		1396	`wheat1 255 231 186`
		1397	`wheat2 238 216 174`
		1398	`wheat3 205 186 150`
		1399	`wheat4 139 126 102`
		1400	`whitesmoke 245 245 245`
		1401	`yellow 255 255 0`
		1402	`yellow1 255 255 0`
		1403	`yellow2 238 238 0`
		1404	`yellow3 205 205 0`
		1405	`yellow4 139 139 0`
		1406	`yellowgreen 154 205 50`
82717	ripley	1407	`>`
84331	smeyer	1408	`> ## How many names are 'aliases' of each other?`
84590	smeyer	1409	`> ccodes <- c(256^(2:0) %*% crgb)`
84331	smeyer	1410	`> cl <- split(cc, ccodes)`
		1411	`> length(cl) # 502 distinct colors`
		1412	`[1] 502`
		1413	`> table(tcc <- lengths(cl))`
56186	murdoch	1414
82717	ripley	1415	`1 2 3 4`
		1416	`352 146 3 1`
56186	murdoch	1417	`> ## All the multiply named colors:`
84331	smeyer	1418	`> clmult <- cl[tcc >= 2]`
		1419	`> names(clmult) <- sapply(clmult, function(x) paste(crgb[,x[1]], collapse = ","))`
		1420	`> utils::str(clmult)`
56186	murdoch	1421	`List of 150`
		1422	`$ 0,0,0 : chr [1:3] "black" "gray0" "grey0"`
		1423	`$ 0,0,128 : chr [1:2] "navy" "navyblue"`
		1424	`$ 0,0,139 : chr [1:2] "blue4" "darkblue"`
		1425	`$ 0,0,205 : chr [1:2] "blue3" "mediumblue"`
		1426	`$ 0,0,255 : chr [1:2] "blue" "blue1"`
		1427	`$ 0,139,139 : chr [1:2] "cyan4" "darkcyan"`
		1428	`$ 0,191,255 : chr [1:2] "deepskyblue" "deepskyblue1"`
		1429	`$ 0,255,0 : chr [1:2] "green" "green1"`
		1430	`$ 0,255,127 : chr [1:2] "springgreen" "springgreen1"`
		1431	`$ 0,255,255 : chr [1:2] "cyan" "cyan1"`
		1432	`$ 3,3,3 : chr [1:2] "gray1" "grey1"`
		1433	`$ 5,5,5 : chr [1:2] "gray2" "grey2"`
		1434	`$ 8,8,8 : chr [1:2] "gray3" "grey3"`
		1435	`$ 10,10,10 : chr [1:2] "gray4" "grey4"`
		1436	`$ 13,13,13 : chr [1:2] "gray5" "grey5"`
		1437	`$ 15,15,15 : chr [1:2] "gray6" "grey6"`
		1438	`$ 18,18,18 : chr [1:2] "gray7" "grey7"`
		1439	`$ 20,20,20 : chr [1:2] "gray8" "grey8"`
		1440	`$ 23,23,23 : chr [1:2] "gray9" "grey9"`
		1441	`$ 26,26,26 : chr [1:2] "gray10" "grey10"`
		1442	`$ 28,28,28 : chr [1:2] "gray11" "grey11"`
		1443	`$ 30,144,255 : chr [1:2] "dodgerblue" "dodgerblue1"`
		1444	`$ 31,31,31 : chr [1:2] "gray12" "grey12"`
		1445	`$ 33,33,33 : chr [1:2] "gray13" "grey13"`
		1446	`$ 36,36,36 : chr [1:2] "gray14" "grey14"`
		1447	`$ 38,38,38 : chr [1:2] "gray15" "grey15"`
		1448	`$ 41,41,41 : chr [1:2] "gray16" "grey16"`
		1449	`$ 43,43,43 : chr [1:2] "gray17" "grey17"`
		1450	`$ 46,46,46 : chr [1:2] "gray18" "grey18"`
		1451	`$ 46,139,87 : chr [1:2] "seagreen" "seagreen4"`
		1452	`$ 47,79,79 : chr [1:2] "darkslategray" "darkslategrey"`
		1453	`$ 48,48,48 : chr [1:2] "gray19" "grey19"`
		1454	`$ 51,51,51 : chr [1:2] "gray20" "grey20"`
		1455	`$ 54,54,54 : chr [1:2] "gray21" "grey21"`
		1456	`$ 56,56,56 : chr [1:2] "gray22" "grey22"`
		1457	`$ 59,59,59 : chr [1:2] "gray23" "grey23"`
		1458	`$ 61,61,61 : chr [1:2] "gray24" "grey24"`
		1459	`$ 64,64,64 : chr [1:2] "gray25" "grey25"`
		1460	`$ 66,66,66 : chr [1:2] "gray26" "grey26"`
		1461	`$ 69,69,69 : chr [1:2] "gray27" "grey27"`
		1462	`$ 71,71,71 : chr [1:2] "gray28" "grey28"`
		1463	`$ 74,74,74 : chr [1:2] "gray29" "grey29"`
		1464	`$ 77,77,77 : chr [1:2] "gray30" "grey30"`
		1465	`$ 79,79,79 : chr [1:2] "gray31" "grey31"`
		1466	`$ 82,82,82 : chr [1:2] "gray32" "grey32"`
		1467	`$ 84,84,84 : chr [1:2] "gray33" "grey33"`
		1468	`$ 87,87,87 : chr [1:2] "gray34" "grey34"`
		1469	`$ 89,89,89 : chr [1:2] "gray35" "grey35"`
		1470	`$ 92,92,92 : chr [1:2] "gray36" "grey36"`
		1471	`$ 94,94,94 : chr [1:2] "gray37" "grey37"`
		1472	`$ 97,97,97 : chr [1:2] "gray38" "grey38"`
		1473	`$ 99,99,99 : chr [1:2] "gray39" "grey39"`
		1474	`$ 102,102,102: chr [1:2] "gray40" "grey40"`
		1475	`$ 102,205,170: chr [1:2] "aquamarine3" "mediumaquamarine"`
		1476	`$ 105,105,105: chr [1:4] "dimgray" "dimgrey" "gray41" "grey41"`
		1477	`$ 107,107,107: chr [1:2] "gray42" "grey42"`
		1478	`$ 110,110,110: chr [1:2] "gray43" "grey43"`
		1479	`$ 112,112,112: chr [1:2] "gray44" "grey44"`
		1480	`$ 112,128,144: chr [1:2] "slategray" "slategrey"`
		1481	`$ 115,115,115: chr [1:2] "gray45" "grey45"`
		1482	`$ 117,117,117: chr [1:2] "gray46" "grey46"`
		1483	`$ 119,136,153: chr [1:2] "lightslategray" "lightslategrey"`
		1484	`$ 120,120,120: chr [1:2] "gray47" "grey47"`
		1485	`$ 122,122,122: chr [1:2] "gray48" "grey48"`
		1486	`$ 125,125,125: chr [1:2] "gray49" "grey49"`
		1487	`$ 127,127,127: chr [1:2] "gray50" "grey50"`
		1488	`$ 127,255,0 : chr [1:2] "chartreuse" "chartreuse1"`
		1489	`$ 127,255,212: chr [1:2] "aquamarine" "aquamarine1"`
		1490	`$ 130,130,130: chr [1:2] "gray51" "grey51"`
		1491	`$ 133,133,133: chr [1:2] "gray52" "grey52"`
		1492	`$ 135,135,135: chr [1:2] "gray53" "grey53"`
		1493	`$ 138,138,138: chr [1:2] "gray54" "grey54"`
		1494	`$ 139,0,0 : chr [1:2] "darkred" "red4"`
		1495	`$ 139,0,139 : chr [1:2] "darkmagenta" "magenta4"`
		1496	`$ 139,69,19 : chr [1:2] "chocolate4" "saddlebrown"`
		1497	`$ 140,140,140: chr [1:2] "gray55" "grey55"`
		1498	`$ 143,143,143: chr [1:2] "gray56" "grey56"`
		1499	`$ 144,238,144: chr [1:2] "lightgreen" "palegreen2"`
		1500	`$ 145,145,145: chr [1:2] "gray57" "grey57"`
		1501	`$ 148,148,148: chr [1:2] "gray58" "grey58"`
		1502	`$ 150,150,150: chr [1:2] "gray59" "grey59"`
		1503	`$ 153,153,153: chr [1:2] "gray60" "grey60"`
		1504	`$ 154,205,50 : chr [1:2] "olivedrab3" "yellowgreen"`
		1505	`$ 156,156,156: chr [1:2] "gray61" "grey61"`
		1506	`$ 158,158,158: chr [1:2] "gray62" "grey62"`
		1507	`$ 161,161,161: chr [1:2] "gray63" "grey63"`
		1508	`$ 163,163,163: chr [1:2] "gray64" "grey64"`
		1509	`$ 166,166,166: chr [1:2] "gray65" "grey65"`
		1510	`$ 168,168,168: chr [1:2] "gray66" "grey66"`
		1511	`$ 169,169,169: chr [1:2] "darkgray" "darkgrey"`
		1512	`$ 171,171,171: chr [1:2] "gray67" "grey67"`
		1513	`$ 173,173,173: chr [1:2] "gray68" "grey68"`
		1514	`$ 176,176,176: chr [1:2] "gray69" "grey69"`
		1515	`$ 179,179,179: chr [1:2] "gray70" "grey70"`
		1516	`$ 181,181,181: chr [1:2] "gray71" "grey71"`
		1517	`$ 184,184,184: chr [1:2] "gray72" "grey72"`
		1518	`$ 186,186,186: chr [1:2] "gray73" "grey73"`
		1519	`$ 189,189,189: chr [1:2] "gray74" "grey74"`
		1520	`$ 190,190,190: chr [1:2] "gray" "grey"`
		1521	`[list output truncated]`
82717	ripley	1522	`>`
84331	smeyer	1523	`> ## Look at the color cube:`
		1524	`> tc <- t(crgb[, !duplicated(ccodes)])`
84590	smeyer	1525	`> cNms <- rownames(tc)`
84331	smeyer	1526	`> if(requireNamespace("lattice", quietly = TRUE))`
84590	smeyer	1527	`+ lattice::cloud(blue ~ red + green, data = as.data.frame(tc), col = cNms)`
84389	maechler	1528	`> ## The 8 corners of the color cube:`
		1529	`> isC <- rowSums(tc == 0 \| tc == 255) == 3`
		1530	`> cNms[isC] # "white" "black" "blue" "cyan" "green" "magenta" "red" "yellow"`
		1531	`[1] "white" "black" "blue" "cyan" "green" "magenta" "red"`
		1532	`[8] "yellow"`
84404	ripley	1533	`> ## Don't show:`
		1534	`> stopifnot(setequal(cNms[isC],`
		1535	`+ c("white","black","blue","cyan","green","magenta","red","yellow")))`
		1536	`> ## End(Don't show)`
85517	ripley	1537	`> table(is.gray <- tc[,1] == tc[,2] & tc[,2] == tc[,3]) # (397, 105)`
84389	maechler	1538
		1539	`FALSE TRUE`
		1540	`397 105`
84590	smeyer	1541	`>`
		1542	`> ## Not run:`
		1543	`> ##D ## Look at the color cube dynamically:##D`
		1544	`> ##D if(require("rgl")) {`
84389	maechler	1545	`> ##D open3d(windowRect = c(50,50, 950, 950)) # large, so we see details`
		1546	`> ##D plot3d (tc, col = cNms, size = 11) # --> rotate w/ mouse; enlarged corners:`
		1547	`> ##D points3d(tc[isC,], col = cNms[isC], size=22)`
		1548	`> ##D bg3d("darkgray") # (to "see more"); rotate around gray-axis:`
		1549	`> ##D play3d(spin3d(axis = c(1, 1, 1), rpm = 2), duration = 30)`
		1550	`> ##D if(FALSE) # add all names {zoom in with 2nd mouse button!}`
		1551	`> ##D text3d(tc[!is.gray,], texts = cNms[!is.gray],`
		1552	`> ##D col = cNms[!is.gray], adj=-1/4, cex = 1/2)`
		1553	`> ##D if(FALSE) { ## next version of {rgl}`
		1554	`> ##D hover3d(tc, labels = cNms)`
		1555	`> ##D message("Move mouse over plot to identify points.")`
		1556	`> ##D } else { ## click on blob to see colors()' name:`
		1557	`> ##D identify3d(tc, labels=cNms)`
		1558	`> ##D }`
		1559	`> ##D }`
		1560	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	1561	`>`
		1562	`>`
84331	smeyer	1563	`>`
56186	murdoch	1564	`> cleanEx()`
		1565	`> nameEx("colorRamp")`
		1566	`> ### * colorRamp`
82717	ripley	1567	`>`
56186	murdoch	1568	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	1569	`>`
56186	murdoch	1570	`> ### Name: colorRamp`
		1571	`> ### Title: Color interpolation`
		1572	`> ### Aliases: colorRamp colorRampPalette`
		1573	`> ### Keywords: color`
82717	ripley	1574	`>`
56186	murdoch	1575	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	1576	`>`
58989	maechler	1577	`> ## Both return a function :`
61169	ripley	1578	`> colorRamp(c("red", "green"))( (0:4)/4 ) ## (x) , x in [0,1]`
58989	maechler	1579	`[,1] [,2] [,3]`
		1580	`[1,] 255.00 0.00 0`
		1581	`[2,] 191.25 63.75 0`
		1582	`[3,] 127.50 127.50 0`
		1583	`[4,] 63.75 191.25 0`
		1584	`[5,] 0.00 255.00 0`
61169	ripley	1585	`> colorRampPalette(c("blue", "red"))( 4 ) ## (n)`
58989	maechler	1586	`[1] "#0000FF" "#5500AA" "#AA0055" "#FF0000"`
63408	ripley	1587	`> ## a ramp in opacity of blue values`
64967	ripley	1588	`> colorRampPalette(c(rgb(0,0,1,1), rgb(0,0,1,0)), alpha = TRUE)(8)`
		1589	`[1] "#0000FFFF" "#0000FFDA" "#0000FFB6" "#0000FF91" "#0000FF6D" "#0000FF48"`
		1590	`[7] "#0000FF24" "#0000FF00"`
82717	ripley	1591	`>`
56186	murdoch	1592	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	1593	`>`
56186	murdoch	1594	`> ## Here space="rgb" gives palettes that vary only in saturation,`
		1595	`> ## as intended.`
		1596	`> ## With space="Lab" the steps are more uniform, but the hues`
		1597	`> ## are slightly purple.`
		1598	`> filled.contour(volcano,`
		1599	`+ color.palette =`
		1600	`+ colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue")),`
		1601	`+ asp = 1)`
		1602	`> filled.contour(volcano,`
		1603	`+ color.palette =`
		1604	`+ colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue"),`
		1605	`+ space = "Lab"),`
		1606	`+ asp = 1)`
82717	ripley	1607	`>`
56186	murdoch	1608	`> ## Interpolating a 'sequential' ColorBrewer palette`
		1609	`> YlOrBr <- c("#FFFFD4", "#FED98E", "#FE9929", "#D95F0E", "#993404")`
		1610	`> filled.contour(volcano,`
		1611	`+ color.palette = colorRampPalette(YlOrBr, space = "Lab"),`
		1612	`+ asp = 1)`
		1613	`> filled.contour(volcano,`
		1614	`+ color.palette = colorRampPalette(YlOrBr, space = "Lab",`
		1615	`+ bias = 0.5),`
		1616	`+ asp = 1)`
82717	ripley	1617	`>`
56186	murdoch	1618	`> ## 'jet.colors' is "as in Matlab"`
		1619	`> ## (and hurting the eyes by over-saturation)`
		1620	`> jet.colors <-`
		1621	`+ colorRampPalette(c("#00007F", "blue", "#007FFF", "cyan",`
		1622	`+ "#7FFF7F", "yellow", "#FF7F00", "red", "#7F0000"))`
80081	hornik	1623	`> filled.contour(volcano, color.palette = jet.colors, asp = 1)`
82717	ripley	1624	`>`
56186	murdoch	1625	`> ## space="Lab" helps when colors don't form a natural sequence`
		1626	`> m <- outer(1:20,1:20,function(x,y) sin(sqrt(x*y)/3))`
		1627	`> rgb.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "orange", "blue"),`
		1628	`+ space = "rgb")`
		1629	`> Lab.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "orange", "blue"),`
		1630	`+ space = "Lab")`
		1631	`> filled.contour(m, col = rgb.palette(20))`
		1632	`> filled.contour(m, col = Lab.palette(20))`
82717	ripley	1633	`>`
		1634	`>`
		1635	`>`
56186	murdoch	1636	`> cleanEx()`
		1637	`> nameEx("colors")`
		1638	`> ### * colors`
82717	ripley	1639	`>`
56186	murdoch	1640	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	1641	`>`
56186	murdoch	1642	`> ### Name: colors`
		1643	`> ### Title: Color Names`
		1644	`> ### Aliases: colors colours`
		1645	`> ### Keywords: color dplot sysdata`
82717	ripley	1646	`>`
56186	murdoch	1647	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	1648	`>`
56186	murdoch	1649	`> cl <- colors()`
		1650	`> length(cl); cl[1:20]`
		1651	`[1] 657`
		1652	`[1] "white" "aliceblue" "antiquewhite" "antiquewhite1"`
82717	ripley	1653	`[5] "antiquewhite2" "antiquewhite3" "antiquewhite4" "aquamarine"`
		1654	`[9] "aquamarine1" "aquamarine2" "aquamarine3" "aquamarine4"`
		1655	`[13] "azure" "azure1" "azure2" "azure3"`
		1656	`[17] "azure4" "beige" "bisque" "bisque1"`
		1657	`>`
61127	maechler	1658	`> length(cl. <- colors(TRUE))`
		1659	`[1] 502`
		1660	`> ## only 502 of the 657 named ones`
82717	ripley	1661	`>`
61127	maechler	1662	`> ## ----------- Show all named colors and more:`
		1663	`> demo("colors")`
		1664
		1665
		1666	`demo(colors)`
		1667	`---- ~~~~~~`
		1668
57782	maechler	1669	`> ### ----------- Show (almost) all named colors ---------------------`
82717	ripley	1670	`>`
57782	maechler	1671	`> ## 1) with traditional 'graphics' package:`
		1672	`> showCols1 <- function(bg = "gray", cex = 0.75, srt = 30) {`
		1673	`+ m <- ceiling(sqrt(n <- length(cl <- colors())))`
		1674	`+ length(cl) <- m*m; cm <- matrix(cl, m)`
		1675	`+ ##`
		1676	`+ require("graphics")`
		1677	`+ op <- par(mar=rep(0,4), ann=FALSE, bg = bg); on.exit(par(op))`
		1678	`+ plot(1:m,1:m, type="n", axes=FALSE)`
		1679	`+ text(col(cm), rev(row(cm)), cm, col = cl, cex=cex, srt=srt)`
		1680	`+ }`
61127	maechler	1681
57782	maechler	1682	`> showCols1()`
61127	maechler	1683
57782	maechler	1684	`> ## 2) with 'grid' package:`
		1685	`> showCols2 <- function(bg = "grey", cex = 0.75, rot = 30) {`
		1686	`+ m <- ceiling(sqrt(n <- length(cl <- colors())))`
		1687	`+ length(cl) <- m*m; cm <- matrix(cl, m)`
		1688	`+ ##`
		1689	`+ require("grid")`
80081	hornik	1690	`+ grid.newpage(); vp <- viewport(width = .92, height = .92)`
57782	maechler	1691	`+ grid.rect(gp=gpar(fill=bg))`
		1692	`+ grid.text(cm, x = col(cm)/m, y = rev(row(cm))/m, rot = rot,`
		1693	`+ vp=vp, gp=gpar(cex = cex, col = cm))`
		1694	`+ }`
61127	maechler	1695
57782	maechler	1696	`> showCols2()`
		1697	`Loading required package: grid`
61127	maechler	1698
57782	maechler	1699	`> showCols2(bg = "gray33")`
61127	maechler	1700
		1701	`> ###`
82717	ripley	1702	`>`
61127	maechler	1703	`> ##' @title Comparing Colors`
		1704	`> ##' @param col`
		1705	`> ##' @param nrow`
		1706	`> ##' @param ncol`
		1707	`> ##' @param txt.col`
		1708	`> ##' @return the grid layout, invisibly`
		1709	`> ##' @author Marius Hofert, originally`
		1710	`> plotCol <- function(col, nrow=1, ncol=ceiling(length(col) / nrow),`
		1711	`+ txt.col="black") {`
		1712	`+ stopifnot(nrow >= 1, ncol >= 1)`
		1713	`+ if(length(col) > nrow*ncol)`
		1714	`+ warning("some colors will not be shown")`
		1715	`+ require(grid)`
		1716	`+ grid.newpage()`
		1717	`+ gl <- grid.layout(nrow, ncol)`
		1718	`+ pushViewport(viewport(layout=gl))`
		1719	`+ ic <- 1`
		1720	`+ for(i in 1:nrow) {`
		1721	`+ for(j in 1:ncol) {`
		1722	`+ pushViewport(viewport(layout.pos.row=i, layout.pos.col=j))`
		1723	`+ grid.rect(gp= gpar(fill=col[ic]))`
		1724	`+ grid.text(col[ic], gp=gpar(col=txt.col))`
		1725	`+ upViewport()`
		1726	`+ ic <- ic+1`
		1727	`+ }`
		1728	`+ }`
		1729	`+ upViewport()`
		1730	`+ invisible(gl)`
		1731	`+ }`
		1732
		1733	`> ## A Chocolate Bar of colors:`
		1734	`> plotCol(c("#CC8C3C", paste0("chocolate", 2:4),`
		1735	`+ paste0("darkorange", c("",1:2)), paste0("darkgoldenrod", 1:2),`
		1736	`+ "orange", "orange1", "sandybrown", "tan1", "tan2"),`
		1737	`+ nrow=2)`
		1738
		1739	`> ##' Find close R colors() to a given color {original by Marius Hofert)`
		1740	`> ##' using Euclidean norm in (HSV / RGB / ...) color space`
		1741	`> nearRcolor <- function(rgb, cSpace = c("hsv", "rgb255", "Luv", "Lab"),`
		1742	`+ dist = switch(cSpace, "hsv" = 0.10, "rgb255" = 30,`
		1743	`+ "Luv" = 15, "Lab" = 12))`
		1744	`+ {`
		1745	`+ if(is.character(rgb)) rgb <- col2rgb(rgb)`
		1746	`+ stopifnot(length(rgb <- as.vector(rgb)) == 3)`
		1747	`+ Rcol <- col2rgb(.cc <- colors())`
		1748	`+ uniqC <- !duplicated(t(Rcol)) # gray9 == grey9 (etc)`
		1749	`+ Rcol <- Rcol[, uniqC] ; .cc <- .cc[uniqC]`
		1750	`+ cSpace <- match.arg(cSpace)`
		1751	`+ convRGB2 <- function(Rgb, to)`
		1752	`+ t(convertColor(t(Rgb), from="sRGB", to=to, scale.in=255))`
		1753	`+ ## the transformation, rgb{0..255} --> cSpace :`
		1754	`+ TransF <- switch(cSpace,`
		1755	`+ "rgb255" = identity,`
		1756	`+ "hsv" = rgb2hsv,`
		1757	`+ "Luv" = function(RGB) convRGB2(RGB, "Luv"),`
		1758	`+ "Lab" = function(RGB) convRGB2(RGB, "Lab"))`
		1759	`+ d <- sqrt(colSums((TransF(Rcol) - as.vector(TransF(rgb)))^2))`
		1760	`+ iS <- sort.list(d[near <- d <= dist])# sorted: closest first`
76415	ripley	1761	`+ setNames(.cc[near][iS], format(zapsmall(d[near][iS]), digits=3))`
61127	maechler	1762	`+ }`
		1763
		1764	`> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "rgb")`
82717	ripley	1765	`0.0 21.1 25.8 29.5`
		1766	`"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "sienna1"`
61127	maechler	1767
		1768	`> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "hsv")`
82717	ripley	1769	`0.0000 0.0410 0.0618 0.0638 0.0667 0.0766`
		1770	`"tan2" "sienna2" "coral2" "tomato2" "tan1" "coral"`
		1771	`0.0778 0.0900 0.0912 0.0918`
		1772	`"sienna1" "sandybrown" "coral1" "tomato"`
61127	maechler	1773
		1774	`> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "Luv")`
82717	ripley	1775	`0.00 7.42 7.48 12.41 13.69`
		1776	`"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "orange3" "orange2"`
61127	maechler	1777
		1778	`> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "Lab")`
82717	ripley	1779	`0.00 5.56 8.08 11.31`
		1780	`"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "peru"`
61127	maechler	1781
		1782	`> nearRcolor("#334455")`
82717	ripley	1783	`0.0867`
		1784	`"darkslategray"`
61127	maechler	1785
		1786	`> ## Now, consider choosing a color by looking in the`
		1787	`> ## neighborhood of one you know :`
82717	ripley	1788	`>`
61127	maechler	1789	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("deepskyblue", "rgb", dist=50))`
		1790
		1791	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("deepskyblue", dist=.1))`
		1792
		1793	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "rgb", dist= 50), nrow=3)`
		1794
		1795	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "hsv", dist=.12), nrow=3)`
		1796
		1797	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "Luv", dist= 25), nrow=3)`
		1798
		1799	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "Lab", dist= 18), nrow=3)`
		1800	`> ## -----------`
82717	ripley	1801	`>`
		1802	`>`
		1803	`>`
56186	murdoch	1804	`> cleanEx()`
57782	maechler	1805
		1806	`detaching ‘package:grid’`
		1807
56186	murdoch	1808	`> nameEx("contourLines")`
		1809	`> ### * contourLines`
82717	ripley	1810	`>`
56186	murdoch	1811	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	1812	`>`
56186	murdoch	1813	`> ### Name: contourLines`
		1814	`> ### Title: Calculate Contour Lines`
		1815	`> ### Aliases: contourLines`
		1816	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	1817	`>`
56186	murdoch	1818	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	1819	`>`
56186	murdoch	1820	`> x <- 10*1:nrow(volcano)`
		1821	`> y <- 10*1:ncol(volcano)`
77350	maechler	1822	`> cl <- contourLines(x, y, volcano)`
		1823	`> ## summarize the sizes of each the contour lines :`
		1824	> cbind(lev = vapply(cl, `[[`, .5, "level"),
		1825	`+ n = vapply(cl, function(l) length(l$x), 1))`
		1826	`lev n`
		1827	`[1,] 100 47`
		1828	`[2,] 100 16`
		1829	`[3,] 100 11`
		1830	`[4,] 110 45`
		1831	`[5,] 110 48`
		1832	`[6,] 110 126`
		1833	`[7,] 110 14`
		1834	`[8,] 120 270`
		1835	`[9,] 130 259`
		1836	`[10,] 140 245`
		1837	`[11,] 150 207`
		1838	`[12,] 150 13`
		1839	`[13,] 160 165`
		1840	`[14,] 160 31`
		1841	`[15,] 170 169`
		1842	`[16,] 170 5`
		1843	`[17,] 170 21`
		1844	`[18,] 180 105`
		1845	`[19,] 180 15`
		1846	`[20,] 190 49`
82717	ripley	1847	`>`
77350	maechler	1848	`> z <- outer(-9:25, -9:25)`
		1849	`> pretty(range(z), 10) # -300 -200 ... 600 700`
		1850	`[1] -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700`
		1851	`> utils::str(c2 <- contourLines(z))`
		1852	`List of 12`
		1853	`$ :List of 3`
		1854	`..$ level: num -200`
		1855	`..$ x : num [1:4] 0 0.00895 0.01961 0.02844`
		1856	`..$ y : num [1:4] 0.918 0.941 0.971 1`
		1857	`$ :List of 3`
		1858	`..$ level: num -200`
		1859	`..$ x : num [1:4] 0.918 0.941 0.971 1`
		1860	`..$ y : num [1:4] 0 0.00895 0.01961 0.02844`
		1861	`$ :List of 3`
		1862	`..$ level: num -100`
		1863	`..$ x : num [1:19] 0 0.0196 0.0294 0.0385 0.0546 ...`
		1864	`..$ y : num [1:19] 0.592 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.676 ...`
		1865	`$ :List of 3`
		1866	`..$ level: num -100`
		1867	`..$ x : num [1:19] 0.592 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.676 ...`
		1868	`..$ y : num [1:19] 0 0.0196 0.0294 0.0385 0.0546 ...`
		1869	`$ :List of 3`
		1870	`..$ level: num 0`
		1871	`..$ x : num [1:34] 0 0.0294 0.0588 0.0882 0.1176 ...`
		1872	`..$ y : num [1:34] 0.267 0.268 0.268 0.268 0.269 ...`
		1873	`$ :List of 3`
		1874	`..$ level: num 0`
		1875	`..$ x : num [1:34] 0.267 0.268 0.268 0.268 0.269 ...`
		1876	`..$ y : num [1:34] 0 0.0294 0.0588 0.0882 0.1176 ...`
		1877	`$ :List of 3`
		1878	`..$ level: num 100`
		1879	`..$ x : num [1:44] 1 0.995 0.971 0.941 0.912 ...`
		1880	`..$ y : num [1:44] 0.381 0.382 0.387 0.393 0.398 ...`
		1881	`$ :List of 3`
		1882	`..$ level: num 200`
		1883	`..$ x : num [1:36] 1 0.997 0.971 0.941 0.918 ...`
		1884	`..$ y : num [1:36] 0.499 0.5 0.51 0.52 0.529 ...`
		1885	`$ :List of 3`
		1886	`..$ level: num 300`
		1887	`..$ x : num [1:28] 1 0.998 0.971 0.943 0.941 ...`
		1888	`..$ y : num [1:28] 0.617 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.648 ...`
		1889	`$ :List of 3`
		1890	`..$ level: num 400`
		1891	`..$ x : num [1:20] 1 0.999 0.971 0.957 0.941 ...`
		1892	`..$ y : num [1:20] 0.734 0.735 0.755 0.765 0.776 ...`
		1893	`$ :List of 3`
		1894	`..$ level: num 500`
		1895	`..$ x : num [1:12] 1 0.999 0.971 0.965 0.941 ...`
		1896	`..$ y : num [1:12] 0.852 0.853 0.877 0.882 0.904 ...`
		1897	`$ :List of 3`
		1898	`..$ level: num 600`
		1899	`..$ x : num [1:4] 1 0.999 0.971 0.97`
		1900	`..$ y : num [1:4] 0.97 0.971 0.999 1`
		1901	`> # no segments for {-300, 700};`
		1902	`> # 2 segments for {-200, -100, 0}`
		1903	`> # 1 segment for 100:600`
82717	ripley	1904	`>`
		1905	`>`
		1906	`>`
56186	murdoch	1907	`> cleanEx()`
		1908	`> nameEx("convertColor")`
		1909	`> ### * convertColor`
82717	ripley	1910	`>`
56186	murdoch	1911	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	1912	`>`
56186	murdoch	1913	`> ### Name: convertColor`
		1914	`> ### Title: Convert between Colour Spaces`
		1915	`> ### Aliases: convertColor colorspaces`
		1916	`> ### Keywords: color`
82717	ripley	1917	`>`
56186	murdoch	1918	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	1919	`>`
61127	maechler	1920	`> ## The displayable colors from four planes of Lab space`
76000	murrell	1921	`> ab <- expand.grid(a = (-10:15)*10,`
		1922	`+ b = (-15:10)*10)`
56186	murdoch	1923	`> require(graphics); require(stats) # for na.omit`
61157	ripley	1924	`> par(mfrow = c(2, 2), mar = .1+c(3, 3, 3, .5), mgp = c(2, .8, 0))`
82717	ripley	1925	`>`
61157	ripley	1926	`> Lab <- cbind(L = 20, ab)`
		1927	`> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)`
		1928	`> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")`
		1929	`> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0`
		1930	`> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])`
		1931	`> image((-10:15)10, (-15:10)10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,`
		1932	`+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=20")`
82717	ripley	1933	`>`
61157	ripley	1934	`> Lab <- cbind(L = 40, ab)`
		1935	`> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)`
		1936	`> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")`
		1937	`> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0`
		1938	`> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])`
		1939	`> image((-10:15)10, (-15:10)10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,`
		1940	`+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=40")`
82717	ripley	1941	`>`
61157	ripley	1942	`> Lab <- cbind(L = 60, ab)`
		1943	`> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)`
		1944	`> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")`
		1945	`> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0`
		1946	`> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])`
		1947	`> image((-10:15)10, (-15:10)10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,`
		1948	`+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=60")`
82717	ripley	1949	`>`
61157	ripley	1950	`> Lab <- cbind(L = 80, ab)`
		1951	`> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)`
		1952	`> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")`
		1953	`> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0`
		1954	`> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])`
		1955	`> image((-10:15)10, (-15:10)10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,`
		1956	`+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=80")`
82717	ripley	1957	`>`
61127	maechler	1958	`> cols <- t(col2rgb(palette())); rownames(cols) <- palette(); cols`
		1959	`red green blue`
		1960	`black 0 0 0`
77336	murrell	1961	`#DF536B 223 83 107`
		1962	`#61D04F 97 208 79`
77438	murrell	1963	`#2297E6 34 151 230`
		1964	`#28E2E5 40 226 229`
77499	murrell	1965	`#CD0BBC 205 11 188`
		1966	`#F5C710 245 199 16`
		1967	`gray62 158 158 158`
61157	ripley	1968	`> zapsmall(lab <- convertColor(cols, from = "sRGB", to = "Lab", scale.in = 255))`
77336	murrell	1969	`L a b`
		1970	`black 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000`
		1971	`#DF536B 55.16051 56.30900 16.18063`
		1972	`#61D04F 74.89688 -55.97739 53.00681`
77438	murrell	1973	`#2297E6 59.98342 -3.54255 -48.62932`
		1974	`#28E2E5 82.01645 -41.73498 -14.10432`
77499	murrell	1975	`#CD0BBC 48.23048 79.84315 -42.53326`
		1976	`#F5C710 82.05072 2.31748 81.63638`
		1977	`gray62 65.11425 0.00000 0.00000`
61127	maechler	1978	`> stopifnot(all.equal(cols, # converting back.. getting the original:`
61157	ripley	1979	`+ round(convertColor(lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", scale.out = 255)),`
		1980	`+ check.attributes = FALSE))`
82717	ripley	1981	`>`
		1982	`>`
		1983	`>`
56186	murdoch	1984	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		1985	`> cleanEx()`
		1986	`> nameEx("densCols")`
		1987	`> ### * densCols`
82717	ripley	1988	`>`
56186	murdoch	1989	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	1990	`>`
56186	murdoch	1991	`> ### Name: densCols`
		1992	`> ### Title: Colors for Smooth Density Plots`
		1993	`> ### Aliases: densCols blues9`
		1994	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	1995	`>`
56186	murdoch	1996	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	1997	`>`
		1998	`>`
56186	murdoch	1999	`> cleanEx()`
		2000	`> nameEx("dev")`
		2001	`> ### * dev`
82717	ripley	2002	`>`
56186	murdoch	2003	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2004	`>`
56186	murdoch	2005	`> ### Name: dev`
		2006	`> ### Title: Control Multiple Devices`
		2007	`> ### Aliases: dev.cur dev.list dev.next dev.prev dev.off dev.set dev.new`
		2008	`> ### graphics.off`
		2009	`> ### Keywords: device iplot`
82717	ripley	2010	`>`
56186	murdoch	2011	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2012	`>`
		2013	`> ## Not run:`
56186	murdoch	2014	`> ##D ## Unix-specific example`
		2015	`> ##D x11()`
		2016	`> ##D plot(1:10)`
		2017	`> ##D x11()`
		2018	`> ##D plot(rnorm(10))`
		2019	`> ##D dev.set(dev.prev())`
61169	ripley	2020	`> ##D abline(0, 1) # through the 1:10 points`
56186	murdoch	2021	`> ##D dev.set(dev.next())`
61169	ripley	2022	`> ##D abline(h = 0, col = "gray") # for the residual plot`
56186	murdoch	2023	`> ##D dev.set(dev.prev())`
61169	ripley	2024	`> ##D dev.off(); dev.off() #- close the two X devices`
56186	murdoch	2025	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	2026	`>`
		2027	`>`
		2028	`>`
56186	murdoch	2029	`> cleanEx()`
56868	ripley	2030	`> nameEx("dev.capabilities")`
		2031	`> ### * dev.capabilities`
82717	ripley	2032	`>`
56868	ripley	2033	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2034	`>`
56868	ripley	2035	`> ### Name: dev.capabilities`
		2036	`> ### Title: Query Capabilities of the Current Graphics Device`
		2037	`> ### Aliases: dev.capabilities`
		2038	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	2039	`>`
56868	ripley	2040	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2041	`>`
90298	maechler	2042	`> utils:: str( dev.capabilities() )`
		2043	`List of 14`
		2044	`$ semiTransparency : logi TRUE`
		2045	`$ transparentBackground: chr "semi"`
		2046	`$ rasterImage : chr "yes"`
		2047	`$ capture : logi FALSE`
		2048	`$ locator : logi FALSE`
		2049	`$ events : chr(0)`
		2050	`$ patterns : chr [1:3] "LinearGradient" "RadialGradient" "TilingPattern"`
		2051	`$ clippingPaths : logi TRUE`
		2052	`$ masks : chr [1:2] "alpha" "luminance"`
		2053	`$ compositing : chr [1:11] "multiply" "screen" "overlay" "darken" ...`
		2054	`$ transformations : logi TRUE`
		2055	`$ paths : logi TRUE`
		2056	`$ glyphs : logi TRUE`
		2057	`$ variableFonts : logi FALSE`
82717	ripley	2058	`>`
		2059	`>`
		2060	`>`
56868	ripley	2061	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	2062	`> nameEx("dev.interactive")`
		2063	`> ### * dev.interactive`
82717	ripley	2064	`>`
56186	murdoch	2065	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2066	`>`
56186	murdoch	2067	`> ### Name: dev.interactive`
		2068	`> ### Title: Is the Current Graphics Device Interactive?`
		2069	`> ### Aliases: dev.interactive deviceIsInteractive`
		2070	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	2071	`>`
56186	murdoch	2072	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2073	`>`
56186	murdoch	2074	`> dev.interactive()`
		2075	`[1] FALSE`
		2076	`> print(deviceIsInteractive(NULL))`
		2077	`[1] "X11" "X11cairo" "quartz" "windows" "JavaGD" "CairoWin" "CairoX11"`
82717	ripley	2078	`>`
		2079	`>`
		2080	`>`
56186	murdoch	2081	`> cleanEx()`
		2082	`> nameEx("dev.size")`
		2083	`> ### * dev.size`
82717	ripley	2084	`>`
56186	murdoch	2085	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2086	`>`
56186	murdoch	2087	`> ### Name: dev.size`
		2088	`> ### Title: Find Size of Device Surface`
		2089	`> ### Aliases: dev.size`
		2090	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	2091	`>`
56186	murdoch	2092	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2093	`>`
56186	murdoch	2094	`> dev.size("cm")`
		2095	`[1] 17.78 17.78`
82717	ripley	2096	`>`
		2097	`>`
		2098	`>`
56186	murdoch	2099	`> cleanEx()`
		2100	`> nameEx("dev2")`
		2101	`> ### * dev2`
82717	ripley	2102	`>`
56186	murdoch	2103	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2104	`>`
56186	murdoch	2105	`> ### Name: dev2`
		2106	`> ### Title: Copy Graphics Between Multiple Devices`
		2107	`> ### Aliases: dev.copy dev.print dev.copy2eps dev.copy2pdf dev.control`
		2108	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	2109	`>`
56186	murdoch	2110	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2111	`>`
		2112	`> ## Not run:`
58212	ripley	2113	`> ##D x11() # on a Unix-alike`
61157	ripley	2114	`> ##D plot(rnorm(10), main = "Plot 1")`
		2115	`> ##D dev.copy(device = x11)`
56186	murdoch	2116	`> ##D mtext("Copy 1", 3)`
61157	ripley	2117	`> ##D dev.print(width = 6, height = 6, horizontal = FALSE) # prints it`
56186	murdoch	2118	`> ##D dev.off(dev.prev())`
		2119	`> ##D dev.off()`
		2120	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	2121	`>`
		2122	`>`
		2123	`>`
56186	murdoch	2124	`> cleanEx()`
		2125	`> nameEx("extendrange")`
		2126	`> ### * extendrange`
82717	ripley	2127	`>`
56186	murdoch	2128	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2129	`>`
56186	murdoch	2130	`> ### Name: extendrange`
		2131	`> ### Title: Extend a Numerical Range by a Small Percentage`
		2132	`> ### Aliases: extendrange`
		2133	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	2134	`>`
56186	murdoch	2135	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2136	`>`
56186	murdoch	2137	`> x <- 1:5`
		2138	`> (r <- range(x)) # 1 5`
		2139	`[1] 1 5`
		2140	`> extendrange(x) # 0.8 5.2`
		2141	`[1] 0.8 5.2`
		2142	`> extendrange(x, f= 0.01) # 0.96 5.04`
		2143	`[1] 0.96 5.04`
82717	ripley	2144	`>`
74653	maechler	2145	`> ## extend more to the right:`
		2146	`> extendrange(x, f=c(.01,.03)) # 0.96 5.12`
		2147	`[1] 0.96 5.12`
82717	ripley	2148	`>`
56186	murdoch	2149	`> ## Use 'r' if you have it already:`
61157	ripley	2150	`> stopifnot(identical(extendrange(r = r),`
56186	murdoch	2151	`+ extendrange(x)))`
82717	ripley	2152	`>`
		2153	`>`
		2154	`>`
56186	murdoch	2155	`> cleanEx()`
		2156	`> nameEx("getGraphicsEvent")`
		2157	`> ### * getGraphicsEvent`
82717	ripley	2158	`>`
56186	murdoch	2159	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2160	`>`
56186	murdoch	2161	`> ### Name: getGraphicsEvent`
		2162	`> ### Title: Wait for a mouse or keyboard event from a graphics window`
		2163	`> ### Aliases: getGraphicsEvent setGraphicsEventHandlers getGraphicsEventEnv`
		2164	`> ### setGraphicsEventEnv`
		2165	`> ### Keywords: iplot`
82717	ripley	2166	`>`
56186	murdoch	2167	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2168	`>`
72261	murrell	2169	`> # This currently only works on the Windows, X11(type = "Xlib"), and`
		2170	`> # X11(type = "cairo") screen devices...`
82717	ripley	2171	`> ## Not run:`
65700	ripley	2172	`> ##D savepar <- par(ask = FALSE)`
		2173	`> ##D dragplot <- function(..., xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, xaxs = "r", yaxs = "r") {`
		2174	`> ##D plot(..., xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, xaxs = xaxs, yaxs = yaxs)`
		2175	`> ##D startx <- NULL`
		2176	`> ##D starty <- NULL`
		2177	`> ##D prevx <- NULL`
		2178	`> ##D prevy <- NULL`
		2179	`> ##D usr <- NULL`
82717	ripley	2180	`> ##D`
65700	ripley	2181	`> ##D devset <- function()`
		2182	`> ##D if (dev.cur() != eventEnv$which) dev.set(eventEnv$which)`
82717	ripley	2183	`> ##D`
65700	ripley	2184	`> ##D dragmousedown <- function(buttons, x, y) {`
		2185	`> ##D startx <<- x`
		2186	`> ##D starty <<- y`
		2187	`> ##D prevx <<- 0`
		2188	`> ##D prevy <<- 0`
		2189	`> ##D devset()`
		2190	`> ##D usr <<- par("usr")`
		2191	`> ##D eventEnv$onMouseMove <- dragmousemove`
		2192	`> ##D NULL`
		2193	`> ##D }`
82717	ripley	2194	`> ##D`
65700	ripley	2195	`> ##D dragmousemove <- function(buttons, x, y) {`
		2196	`> ##D devset()`
		2197	`> ##D deltax <- diff(grconvertX(c(startx, x), "ndc", "user"))`
		2198	`> ##D deltay <- diff(grconvertY(c(starty, y), "ndc", "user"))`
		2199	`> ##D if (abs(deltax-prevx) + abs(deltay-prevy) > 0) {`
		2200	`> ##D plot(..., xlim = usr[1:2]-deltax, xaxs = "i",`
		2201	`> ##D ylim = usr[3:4]-deltay, yaxs = "i")`
		2202	`> ##D prevx <<- deltax`
		2203	`> ##D prevy <<- deltay`
		2204	`> ##D }`
		2205	`> ##D NULL`
		2206	`> ##D }`
82717	ripley	2207	`> ##D`
65700	ripley	2208	`> ##D mouseup <- function(buttons, x, y) {`
		2209	`> ##D eventEnv$onMouseMove <- NULL`
82717	ripley	2210	`> ##D }`
		2211	`> ##D`
65700	ripley	2212	`> ##D keydown <- function(key) {`
		2213	`> ##D if (key == "q") return(invisible(1))`
		2214	`> ##D eventEnv$onMouseMove <- NULL`
		2215	`> ##D NULL`
		2216	`> ##D }`
82717	ripley	2217	`> ##D`
65700	ripley	2218	`> ##D setGraphicsEventHandlers(prompt = "Click and drag, hit q to quit",`
		2219	`> ##D onMouseDown = dragmousedown,`
		2220	`> ##D onMouseUp = mouseup,`
		2221	`> ##D onKeybd = keydown)`
		2222	`> ##D eventEnv <- getGraphicsEventEnv()`
		2223	`> ##D }`
82717	ripley	2224	`> ##D`
65700	ripley	2225	`> ##D dragplot(rnorm(1000), rnorm(1000))`
		2226	`> ##D getGraphicsEvent()`
		2227	`> ##D par(savepar)`
		2228	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	2229	`>`
		2230	`>`
		2231	`>`
56186	murdoch	2232	`> cleanEx()`
67048	ripley	2233	`> nameEx("grSoftVersion")`
		2234	`> ### * grSoftVersion`
82717	ripley	2235	`>`
67048	ripley	2236	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2237	`>`
67048	ripley	2238	`> ### Name: grSoftVersion`
		2239	`> ### Title: Report Versions of Graphics Software`
		2240	`> ### Aliases: grSoftVersion`
82717	ripley	2241	`>`
67048	ripley	2242	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2243	`>`
		2244	`>`
		2245	`>`
		2246	`>`
67048	ripley	2247	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	2248	`> nameEx("gray")`
		2249	`> ### * gray`
82717	ripley	2250	`>`
56186	murdoch	2251	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2252	`>`
56186	murdoch	2253	`> ### Name: gray`
		2254	`> ### Title: Gray Level Specification`
		2255	`> ### Aliases: gray grey`
		2256	`> ### Keywords: color`
82717	ripley	2257	`>`
56186	murdoch	2258	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2259	`>`
56186	murdoch	2260	`> gray(0:8 / 8)`
		2261	`[1] "#000000" "#202020" "#404040" "#606060" "#808080" "#9F9F9F" "#BFBFBF"`
		2262	`[8] "#DFDFDF" "#FFFFFF"`
82717	ripley	2263	`>`
		2264	`>`
		2265	`>`
56186	murdoch	2266	`> cleanEx()`
		2267	`> nameEx("gray.colors")`
		2268	`> ### * gray.colors`
82717	ripley	2269	`>`
56186	murdoch	2270	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2271	`>`
56186	murdoch	2272	`> ### Name: gray.colors`
		2273	`> ### Title: Gray Color Palette`
		2274	`> ### Aliases: gray.colors grey.colors`
		2275	`> ### Keywords: color`
82717	ripley	2276	`>`
56186	murdoch	2277	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2278	`>`
56186	murdoch	2279	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	2280	`>`
61169	ripley	2281	`> pie(rep(1, 12), col = gray.colors(12))`
56186	murdoch	2282	`> barplot(1:12, col = gray.colors(12))`
82717	ripley	2283	`>`
		2284	`>`
		2285	`>`
56186	murdoch	2286	`> cleanEx()`
		2287	`> nameEx("hcl")`
		2288	`> ### * hcl`
82717	ripley	2289	`>`
56186	murdoch	2290	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2291	`>`
56186	murdoch	2292	`> ### Name: hcl`
		2293	`> ### Title: HCL Color Specification`
		2294	`> ### Aliases: hcl`
		2295	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
82717	ripley	2296	`>`
56186	murdoch	2297	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2298	`>`
56186	murdoch	2299	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	2300	`>`
56186	murdoch	2301	`> # The Foley and Van Dam PhD Data.`
		2302	`> csd <- matrix(c( 4,2,4,6, 4,3,1,4, 4,7,7,1,`
		2303	`+ 0,7,3,2, 4,5,3,2, 5,4,2,2,`
		2304	`+ 3,1,3,0, 4,4,6,7, 1,10,8,7,`
		2305	`+ 1,5,3,2, 1,5,2,1, 4,1,4,3,`
61157	ripley	2306	`+ 0,3,0,6, 2,1,5,5), nrow = 4)`
82717	ripley	2307	`>`
56186	murdoch	2308	`> csphd <- function(colors)`
		2309	`+ barplot(csd, col = colors, ylim = c(0,30),`
80081	hornik	2310	`+ names.arg = 72:85, xlab = "Year", ylab = "Students",`
		2311	`+ legend.text = c("Winter", "Spring", "Summer", "Fall"),`
56186	murdoch	2312	`+ main = "Computer Science PhD Graduates", las = 1)`
82717	ripley	2313	`>`
56186	murdoch	2314	`> # The Original (Metaphorical) Colors (Ouch!)`
		2315	`> csphd(c("blue", "green", "yellow", "orange"))`
82717	ripley	2316	`>`
56186	murdoch	2317	`> # A Color Tetrad (Maximal Color Differences)`
		2318	`> csphd(hcl(h = c(30, 120, 210, 300)))`
82717	ripley	2319	`>`
56186	murdoch	2320	`> # Same, but lighter and less colorful`
57440	murdoch	2321	`> # Turn off automatic correction to make sure`
56186	murdoch	2322	`> # that we have defined real colors.`
		2323	`> csphd(hcl(h = c(30, 120, 210, 300),`
		2324	`+ c = 20, l = 90, fixup = FALSE))`
82717	ripley	2325	`>`
56186	murdoch	2326	`> # Analogous Colors`
		2327	`> # Good for those with red/green color confusion`
		2328	`> csphd(hcl(h = seq(60, 240, by = 60)))`
82717	ripley	2329	`>`
56186	murdoch	2330	`> # Metaphorical Colors`
80081	hornik	2331	`> csphd(hcl(h = seq(210, 60, length.out = 4)))`
82717	ripley	2332	`>`
56186	murdoch	2333	`> # Cool Colors`
80081	hornik	2334	`> csphd(hcl(h = seq(120, 0, length.out = 4) + 150))`
82717	ripley	2335	`>`
56186	murdoch	2336	`> # Warm Colors`
80081	hornik	2337	`> csphd(hcl(h = seq(120, 0, length.out = 4) - 30))`
82717	ripley	2338	`>`
56186	murdoch	2339	`> # Single Color`
		2340	`> hist(stats::rnorm(1000), col = hcl(240))`
82717	ripley	2341	`>`
61127	maechler	2342	`> ## Exploring the hcl() color space {in its mapping to R's sRGB colors}:`
		2343	`> demo(hclColors)`
		2344
		2345
		2346	`demo(hclColors)`
		2347	`---- ~~~~~~~~~`
		2348
		2349	`> ### ------ hcl() explorations`
82717	ripley	2350	`>`
61127	maechler	2351	`> hcl.wheel <-`
		2352	`+ function(chroma = 35, lums = 0:100, hues = 1:360, asp = 1,`
		2353	`+ p.cex = 0.6, do.label = FALSE, rev.lum = FALSE,`
		2354	`+ fixup = TRUE)`
		2355	`+ {`
		2356	`+ ## Purpose: show chroma "sections" of hcl() color space; see ?hcl`
		2357	`+ ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------`
		2358	`+ ## Arguments: chroma: can be vector -> multiple plots are done,`
		2359	`+ ## lums, hues, fixup : all corresponding to hcl()'s args`
		2360	`+ ## rev.lum: logical indicating if luminance`
		2361	`+ ## should go from outer to inner`
		2362	`+ ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------`
		2363	`+ ## Author: Martin Maechler, Date: 24 Jun 2005`
82717	ripley	2364	`+`
61127	maechler	2365	`+ require("graphics")`
		2366	`+ stopifnot(is.numeric(lums), lums >= 0, lums <= 100,`
		2367	`+ is.numeric(hues), hues >= 0, hues <= 360,`
		2368	`+ is.numeric(chroma), chroma >= 0, (nch <- length(chroma)) >= 1)`
		2369	`+ if(is.unsorted(hues)) hues <- sort(hues)`
		2370	`+ if(nch > 1) {`
64277	ripley	2371	`+ op <- par(mfrow= n2mfrow(nch), mar = c(0,0,0,0), xpd = TRUE)`
61127	maechler	2372	`+ on.exit(par(op))`
		2373	`+ }`
		2374	`+ for(i.c in 1:nch) {`
		2375	`+ plot(-1:1,-1:1, type="n", axes = FALSE, xlab="",ylab="", asp = asp)`
		2376	`+ ## main = sprintf("hcl(h = <angle>, c = %g)", chroma[i.c]),`
		2377	`+ text(0.4, 0.99, paste("chroma =", format(chroma[i.c])),`
		2378	`+ adj = 0, font = 4)`
		2379	`+ l.s <- (if(rev.lum) rev(lums) else lums) / max(lums) # <= 1`
		2380	`+ for(ang in hues) { # could do all this using outer() instead of for()...`
		2381	`+ a. <- ang * pi/180`
		2382	`+ z.a <- exp(1i * a.)`
		2383	`+ cols <- hcl(ang, c = chroma[i.c], l = lums, fixup = fixup)`
		2384	`+ points(l.s * z.a, pch = 16, col = cols, cex = p.cex)`
		2385	`+ ##if(do."text") : draw the 0,45,90,... angle "lines"`
		2386	`+ if(do.label)`
		2387	`+ text(z.a*1.05, labels = ang, col = cols[length(cols)/2],`
		2388	`+ srt = ang)`
		2389	`+ }`
		2390	`+ if(!fixup) ## show the outline`
		2391	`+ lines(exp(1i * hues * pi/180))`
		2392	`+ }`
		2393	`+ invisible()`
		2394	`+ }`
		2395
		2396	`> ## and now a few interesting calls :`
82717	ripley	2397	`>`
61127	maechler	2398	`> hcl.wheel() # and watch it redraw when you fiddle with the graphic window`
		2399
		2400	`> hcl.wheel(rev.lum= TRUE) # ditto`
		2401
80081	hornik	2402	`> hcl.wheel(do.label = TRUE) # ditto`
61127	maechler	2403
		2404	`> ## Now watch:`
80081	hornik	2405	`> hcl.wheel(chroma = c(25,35,45,55))`
61127	maechler	2406
80081	hornik	2407	`> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.4)`
61127	maechler	2408
80081	hornik	2409	`> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, fixup = FALSE)`
61127	maechler	2410
80081	hornik	2411	`> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, rev.lum = TRUE)`
61127	maechler	2412
		2413	`> if(dev.interactive()) # new "graphics window" -- to compare with previous :`
		2414	`+ dev.new()`
		2415
80081	hornik	2416	`> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, rev.lum = TRUE, fixup=FALSE)`
82717	ripley	2417	`>`
		2418	`>`
		2419	`>`
		2420	`>`
56186	murdoch	2421	`> cleanEx()`
		2422	`> nameEx("hsv")`
		2423	`> ### * hsv`
82717	ripley	2424	`>`
56186	murdoch	2425	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2426	`>`
56186	murdoch	2427	`> ### Name: hsv`
		2428	`> ### Title: HSV Color Specification`
		2429	`> ### Aliases: hsv`
		2430	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
82717	ripley	2431	`>`
56186	murdoch	2432	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2433	`>`
56186	murdoch	2434	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	2435	`>`
56186	murdoch	2436	`> hsv(.5,.5,.5)`
		2437	`[1] "#408080"`
82717	ripley	2438	`>`
56186	murdoch	2439	`> ## Red tones:`
		2440	`> n <- 20; y <- -sin(3pi((1:n)-1/2)/n)`
61169	ripley	2441	`> op <- par(mar = rep(1.5, 4))`
56186	murdoch	2442	`> plot(y, axes = FALSE, frame.plot = TRUE,`
		2443	`+ xlab = "", ylab = "", pch = 21, cex = 30,`
61157	ripley	2444	`+ bg = rainbow(n, start = .85, end = .1),`
56186	murdoch	2445	`+ main = "Red tones")`
		2446	`> par(op)`
82717	ripley	2447	`>`
		2448	`>`
		2449	`>`
56186	murdoch	2450	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		2451	`> cleanEx()`
		2452	`> nameEx("make.rgb")`
		2453	`> ### * make.rgb`
82717	ripley	2454	`>`
56186	murdoch	2455	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2456	`>`
56186	murdoch	2457	`> ### Name: make.rgb`
		2458	`> ### Title: Create colour spaces`
		2459	`> ### Aliases: make.rgb colorConverter`
		2460	`> ### Keywords: color`
82717	ripley	2461	`>`
56186	murdoch	2462	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2463	`>`
61157	ripley	2464	`> (pal <- make.rgb(red = c(0.6400, 0.3300),`
		2465	`+ green = c(0.2900, 0.6000),`
		2466	`+ blue = c(0.1500, 0.0600),`
56186	murdoch	2467	`+ name = "PAL/SECAM RGB"))`
		2468	`Color space converter: PAL/SECAM RGB`
		2469	`Reference white: D65`
		2470	`display gamma = 2.2`
82717	ripley	2471	`>`
56186	murdoch	2472	`> ## converter for sRGB in #rrggbb format`
61169	ripley	2473	`> hexcolor <- colorConverter(toXYZ = function(hex, ...) {`
56186	murdoch	2474	`+ rgb <- t(col2rgb(hex))/255`
58933	ripley	2475	`+ colorspaces$sRGB$toXYZ(rgb, ...) },`
61169	ripley	2476	`+ fromXYZ = function(xyz, ...) {`
75868	murrell	2477	`+ rgb <- colorspaces$sRGB$fromXYZ(xyz, ...)`
61169	ripley	2478	`+ rgb <- round(rgb, 5)`
56186	murdoch	2479	`+ if (min(rgb) < 0 \|\| max(rgb) > 1)`
		2480	`+ as.character(NA)`
58933	ripley	2481	`+ else rgb(rgb[1], rgb[2], rgb[3])},`
56186	murdoch	2482	`+ white = "D65", name = "#rrggbb")`
82717	ripley	2483	`>`
56186	murdoch	2484	`> (cols <- t(col2rgb(palette())))`
		2485	`red green blue`
		2486	`[1,] 0 0 0`
77336	murrell	2487	`[2,] 223 83 107`
		2488	`[3,] 97 208 79`
77438	murrell	2489	`[4,] 34 151 230`
		2490	`[5,] 40 226 229`
77499	murrell	2491	`[6,] 205 11 188`
		2492	`[7,] 245 199 16`
		2493	`[8,] 158 158 158`
61169	ripley	2494	`> zapsmall(luv <- convertColor(cols, from = "sRGB", to = "Luv", scale.in = 255))`
77499	murrell	2495	`L u v`
		2496	`[1,] 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000`
		2497	`[2,] 55.16051 99.94871 8.95299`
		2498	`[3,] 74.89688 -51.95694 73.49647`
		2499	`[4,] 59.98342 -36.43653 -76.74275`
		2500	`[5,] 82.01645 -61.64283 -15.85619`
		2501	`[6,] 48.23048 74.70628 -73.95136`
		2502	`[7,] 82.05072 40.07525 84.92489`
		2503	`[8,] 65.11425 0.00000 0.00000`
61157	ripley	2504	`> (hex <- convertColor(luv, from = "Luv", to = hexcolor, scale.out = NULL))`
82717	ripley	2505	`[,1]`
75868	murrell	2506	`[1,] "#000000"`
77336	murrell	2507	`[2,] "#DF536B"`
		2508	`[3,] "#61D04F"`
77438	murrell	2509	`[4,] "#2297E6"`
		2510	`[5,] "#28E2E5"`
77499	murrell	2511	`[6,] "#CD0BBC"`
		2512	`[7,] "#F5C710"`
		2513	`[8,] "#9E9E9E"`
82717	ripley	2514	`>`
56186	murdoch	2515	`> ## must make hex a matrix before using it`
61157	ripley	2516	`> (cc <- round(convertColor(as.matrix(hex), from = hexcolor, to = "sRGB",`
		2517	`+ scale.in = NULL, scale.out = 255)))`
56186	murdoch	2518	`[,1] [,2] [,3]`
		2519	`[1,] 0 0 0`
77336	murrell	2520	`[2,] 223 83 107`
		2521	`[3,] 97 208 79`
77438	murrell	2522	`[4,] 34 151 230`
		2523	`[5,] 40 226 229`
77499	murrell	2524	`[6,] 205 11 188`
		2525	`[7,] 245 199 16`
		2526	`[8,] 158 158 158`
56186	murdoch	2527	`> stopifnot(cc == cols)`
82717	ripley	2528	`>`
75868	murrell	2529	`> ## Internally vectorized version of hexcolor, notice the use`
		2530	> ## of `vectorized = TRUE`:
82717	ripley	2531	`>`
75868	murrell	2532	`> hexcolorv <- colorConverter(toXYZ = function(hex, ...) {`
		2533	`+ rgb <- t(col2rgb(hex))/255`
		2534	`+ colorspaces$sRGB$toXYZ(rgb, ...) },`
		2535	`+ fromXYZ = function(xyz, ...) {`
		2536	`+ rgb <- colorspaces$sRGB$fromXYZ(xyz, ...)`
		2537	`+ rgb <- round(rgb, 5)`
		2538	`+ oob <- pmin(rgb[,1],rgb[,2],rgb[,3]) < 0 \|`
		2539	`+ pmax(rgb[,1],rgb[,2],rgb[,3]) > 0`
		2540	`+ res <- rep(NA_character_, nrow(rgb))`
		2541	`+ res[!oob] <- rgb(rgb[!oob,,drop=FALSE])},`
		2542	`+ white = "D65", name = "#rrggbb",`
		2543	`+ vectorized=TRUE)`
		2544	`> (ccv <- round(convertColor(as.matrix(hex), from = hexcolor, to = "sRGB",`
		2545	`+ scale.in = NULL, scale.out = 255)))`
		2546	`[,1] [,2] [,3]`
		2547	`[1,] 0 0 0`
77336	murrell	2548	`[2,] 223 83 107`
		2549	`[3,] 97 208 79`
77438	murrell	2550	`[4,] 34 151 230`
		2551	`[5,] 40 226 229`
77499	murrell	2552	`[6,] 205 11 188`
		2553	`[7,] 245 199 16`
		2554	`[8,] 158 158 158`
75868	murrell	2555	`> stopifnot(ccv == cols)`
82717	ripley	2556	`>`
		2557	`>`
		2558	`>`
		2559	`>`
56186	murdoch	2560	`> cleanEx()`
		2561	`> nameEx("n2mfrow")`
		2562	`> ### * n2mfrow`
82717	ripley	2563	`>`
56186	murdoch	2564	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2565	`>`
56186	murdoch	2566	`> ### Name: n2mfrow`
77448	maechler	2567	`> ### Title: Compute Default 'mfrow' From Number of Plots`
56186	murdoch	2568	`> ### Aliases: n2mfrow`
		2569	`> ### Keywords: dplot utilities`
82717	ripley	2570	`>`
56186	murdoch	2571	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2572	`>`
56186	murdoch	2573	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	2574	`>`
56186	murdoch	2575	`> n2mfrow(8) # 3 x 3`
		2576	`[1] 3 3`
82717	ripley	2577	`>`
80081	hornik	2578	`> n <- 5 ; x <- seq(-2, 2, length.out = 51)`
56186	murdoch	2579	`> ## suppose now that 'n' is not known {inside function}`
		2580	`> op <- par(mfrow = n2mfrow(n))`
		2581	`> for (j in 1:n)`
		2582	`+ plot(x, x^j, main = substitute(x^ exp, list(exp = j)), type = "l",`
		2583	`+ col = "blue")`
82717	ripley	2584	`>`
77447	maechler	2585	`> sapply(1:14, n2mfrow)`
		2586	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14]`
		2587	`[1,] 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4`
		2588	`[2,] 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4`
		2589	`> sapply(1:14, n2mfrow, asp=16/9)`
		2590	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14]`
		2591	`[1,] 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3`
		2592	`[2,] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 5`
82717	ripley	2593	`>`
		2594	`>`
		2595	`>`
56186	murdoch	2596	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		2597	`> cleanEx()`
		2598	`> nameEx("nclass")`
		2599	`> ### * nclass`
82717	ripley	2600	`>`
56186	murdoch	2601	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2602	`>`
56186	murdoch	2603	`> ### Name: nclass`
		2604	`> ### Title: Compute the Number of Classes for a Histogram`
		2605	`> ### Aliases: nclass.Sturges nclass.scott nclass.FD`
		2606	`> ### Keywords: univar`
82717	ripley	2607	`>`
56186	murdoch	2608	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2609	`>`
56186	murdoch	2610	`> set.seed(1)`
		2611	`> x <- stats::rnorm(1111)`
		2612	`> nclass.Sturges(x)`
		2613	`[1] 12`
82717	ripley	2614	`>`
56186	murdoch	2615	`> ## Compare them:`
		2616	`> NC <- function(x) c(Sturges = nclass.Sturges(x),`
		2617	`+ Scott = nclass.scott(x), FD = nclass.FD(x))`
		2618	`> NC(x)`
82717	ripley	2619	`Sturges Scott FD`
		2620	`12 20 26`
56186	murdoch	2621	`> onePt <- rep(1, 11)`
		2622	`> NC(onePt) # no longer gives NaN`
82717	ripley	2623	`Sturges Scott FD`
		2624	`5 1 1`
		2625	`>`
		2626	`>`
		2627	`>`
56186	murdoch	2628	`> cleanEx()`
		2629	`> nameEx("palette")`
		2630	`> ### * palette`
82717	ripley	2631	`>`
56186	murdoch	2632	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2633	`>`
56186	murdoch	2634	`> ### Name: palette`
		2635	`> ### Title: Set or View the Graphics Palette`
77336	murrell	2636	`> ### Aliases: palette palette.pals palette.colors`
56186	murdoch	2637	`> ### Keywords: color sysdata`
82717	ripley	2638	`>`
56186	murdoch	2639	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2640	`>`
56186	murdoch	2641	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	2642	`>`
56186	murdoch	2643	`> palette() # obtain the current palette`
77499	murrell	2644	`[1] "black" "#DF536B" "#61D04F" "#2297E6" "#28E2E5" "#CD0BBC" "#F5C710"`
82717	ripley	2645	`[8] "gray62"`
77448	maechler	2646	`> palette("R3");palette() # old default palette`
82717	ripley	2647	`[1] "black" "red" "green3" "blue" "cyan" "magenta" "yellow"`
		2648	`[8] "gray"`
77375	maechler	2649	`> palette("ggplot2") # ggplot2-style palette`
77448	maechler	2650	`> palette()`
		2651	`[1] "black" "#F8766D" "#00BA38" "#619CFF" "#00BFC4" "#F564E3" "#B79F00"`
82717	ripley	2652	`[8] "gray62"`
		2653	`>`
77375	maechler	2654	`> palette(hcl.colors(8, "viridis"))`
82717	ripley	2655	`>`
80081	hornik	2656	`> (palette(gray(seq(0,.9,length.out = 25)))) # gray scales; print old palette`
77375	maechler	2657	`[1] "#4B0055" "#3C3777" "#006290" "#008A98" "#00AC8E" "#25C771" "#A6DA42"`
		2658	`[8] "#FDE333"`
61169	ripley	2659	`> matplot(outer(1:100, 1:30), type = "l", lty = 1,lwd = 2, col = 1:30,`
56186	murdoch	2660	`+ main = "Gray Scales Palette",`
61169	ripley	2661	`+ sub = "palette(gray(seq(0, .9, len=25)))")`
56186	murdoch	2662	`> palette("default") # reset back to the default`
82717	ripley	2663	`>`
77375	maechler	2664	`> ## on a device where alpha transparency is supported,`
56186	murdoch	2665	`> ## use 'alpha = 0.3' transparency with the default palette :`
		2666	`> mycols <- adjustcolor(palette(), alpha.f = 0.3)`
		2667	`> opal <- palette(mycols)`
		2668	`> x <- rnorm(1000); xy <- cbind(x, 3*x + rnorm(1000))`
61157	ripley	2669	`> plot (xy, lwd = 2,`
56186	murdoch	2670	`+ main = "Alpha-Transparency Palette\n alpha = 0.3")`
		2671	`> xy[,1] <- -xy[,1]`
61157	ripley	2672	`> points(xy, col = 8, pch = 16, cex = 1.5)`
56186	murdoch	2673	`> palette("default")`
82717	ripley	2674	`>`
77336	murrell	2675	`> ## List available built-in palettes`
		2676	`> palette.pals()`
82717	ripley	2677	`[1] "R3" "R4" "ggplot2" "Okabe-Ito"`
		2678	`[5] "Accent" "Dark 2" "Paired" "Pastel 1"`
		2679	`[9] "Pastel 2" "Set 1" "Set 2" "Set 3"`
		2680	`[13] "Tableau 10" "Classic Tableau" "Polychrome 36" "Alphabet"`
		2681	`>`
77336	murrell	2682	`> ## Demonstrate the colors 1:8 in different palettes using a custom matplot()`
85787	maechler	2683	`> sinplot <- function(main=NULL, n = 8) {`
77336	murrell	2684	`+ x <- outer(`
		2685	`+ seq(-pi, pi, length.out = 50),`
85789	ripley	2686	`+ seq( 0, pi, length.out = n),`
77336	murrell	2687	`+ function(x, y) sin(x - y)`
		2688	`+ )`
85787	maechler	2689	`+ matplot(x, type = "l", lwd = 4, lty = 1, col = 1:n, ylab = "", main=main)`
77336	murrell	2690	`+ }`
77448	maechler	2691	`> sinplot("default palette")`
82717	ripley	2692	`>`
77448	maechler	2693	`> palette("R3"); sinplot("R3")`
		2694	`> palette("Okabe-Ito"); sinplot("Okabe-Ito")`
85787	maechler	2695	`> palette("Tableau") ; sinplot("Tableau", n = 10)`
85789	ripley	2696	`> palROB <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "darkorange2", "blue"), space = "Lab")`
		2697	`> palette(palROB(16)); sinplot("palROB(16)", n = 16)`
77448	maechler	2698	`> palette("default") # reset`
82717	ripley	2699	`>`
77448	maechler	2700	`> ## color swatches for palette.colors()`
		2701	`> palette.swatch <- function(palette = palette.pals(), n = 8, nrow = 8,`
		2702	`+ border = "black", cex = 1, ...)`
		2703	`+ {`
		2704	`+ cols <- sapply(palette, palette.colors, n = n, recycle = TRUE)`
		2705	`+ ncol <- ncol(cols)`
		2706	`+ nswatch <- min(ncol, nrow)`
		2707	`+ op <- par(mar = rep(0.1, 4),`
		2708	`+ mfrow = c(1, min(5, ceiling(ncol/nrow))),`
		2709	`+ cex = cex, ...)`
		2710	`+ on.exit(par(op))`
		2711	`+ while (length(palette)) {`
		2712	`+ subset <- seq_len(min(nrow, ncol(cols)))`
		2713	`+ plot.new()`
		2714	`+ plot.window(c(0, n), c(0.25, nrow + 0.25))`
		2715	`+ y <- rev(subset)`
		2716	`+ text(0, y + 0.1, palette[subset], adj = c(0, 0))`
		2717	`+ y <- rep(y, each = n)`
		2718	`+ rect(rep(0:(n-1), n), y, rep(1:n, n), y - 0.5,`
		2719	`+ col = cols[, subset], border = border)`
		2720	`+ palette <- palette[-subset]`
78482	maechler	2721	`+ cols <- cols [, -subset, drop = FALSE]`
77448	maechler	2722	`+ }`
		2723	`+ }`
82717	ripley	2724	`>`
77448	maechler	2725	`> palette.swatch()`
82717	ripley	2726	`>`
77448	maechler	2727	`> palette.swatch(n = 26) # show full "Alphabet"; recycle most others`
82717	ripley	2728	`>`
		2729	`>`
		2730	`>`
77463	ripley	2731	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
56186	murdoch	2732	`> cleanEx()`
		2733	`> nameEx("palettes")`
		2734	`> ### * palettes`
82717	ripley	2735	`>`
56186	murdoch	2736	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2737	`>`
56186	murdoch	2738	`> ### Name: Palettes`
		2739	`> ### Title: Color Palettes`
		2740	`> ### Aliases: rainbow heat.colors terrain.colors topo.colors cm.colors`
76276	murrell	2741	`> ### hcl.colors hcl.pals`
56186	murdoch	2742	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
82717	ripley	2743	`>`
56186	murdoch	2744	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2745	`>`
76276	murrell	2746	`> require("graphics")`
82717	ripley	2747	`>`
76276	murrell	2748	`> # color wheels in RGB/HSV and HCL space`
		2749	`> par(mfrow = c(2, 2))`
		2750	`> pie(rep(1, 12), col = rainbow(12), main = "RGB/HSV")`
		2751	`> pie(rep(1, 12), col = hcl.colors(12, "Set 2"), main = "HCL")`
		2752	`> par(mfrow = c(1, 1))`
82717	ripley	2753	`>`
76276	murrell	2754	`> ## color swatches for RGB/HSV palettes`
56186	murdoch	2755	`> demo.pal <-`
61157	ripley	2756	`+ function(n, border = if (n < 32) "light gray" else NA,`
61169	ripley	2757	`+ main = paste("color palettes; n=", n),`
56186	murdoch	2758	`+ ch.col = c("rainbow(n, start=.7, end=.1)", "heat.colors(n)",`
		2759	`+ "terrain.colors(n)", "topo.colors(n)",`
		2760	`+ "cm.colors(n)"))`
		2761	`+ {`
		2762	`+ nt <- length(ch.col)`
		2763	`+ i <- 1:n; j <- n / nt; d <- j/6; dy <- 2*d`
61157	ripley	2764	`+ plot(i, i+d, type = "n", yaxt = "n", ylab = "", main = main)`
56186	murdoch	2765	`+ for (k in 1:nt) {`
		2766	`+ rect(i-.5, (k-1)j+ dy, i+.4, kj,`
76385	maechler	2767	`+ col = eval(str2lang(ch.col[k])), border = border)`
61157	ripley	2768	`+ text(2j, k j + dy/4, ch.col[k])`
56186	murdoch	2769	`+ }`
		2770	`+ }`
76276	murrell	2771	`> demo.pal(16)`
82717	ripley	2772	`>`
76276	murrell	2773	`> ## color swatches for HCL palettes`
		2774	`> hcl.swatch <- function(type = NULL, n = 5, nrow = 11,`
		2775	`+ border = if (n < 15) "black" else NA) {`
		2776	`+ palette <- hcl.pals(type)`
		2777	`+ cols <- sapply(palette, hcl.colors, n = n)`
		2778	`+ ncol <- ncol(cols)`
		2779	`+ nswatch <- min(ncol, nrow)`
82717	ripley	2780	`+`
76276	murrell	2781	`+ par(mar = rep(0.1, 4),`
77427	ripley	2782	`+ mfrow = c(1, min(5, ceiling(ncol/nrow))),`
76276	murrell	2783	`+ pin = c(1, 0.5 * nswatch),`
		2784	`+ cex = 0.7)`
82717	ripley	2785	`+`
76276	murrell	2786	`+ while (length(palette)) {`
		2787	`+ subset <- 1:min(nrow, ncol(cols))`
		2788	`+ plot.new()`
		2789	`+ plot.window(c(0, n), c(0, nrow + 1))`
		2790	`+ text(0, rev(subset) + 0.1, palette[subset], adj = c(0, 0))`
		2791	`+ y <- rep(subset, each = n)`
		2792	`+ rect(rep(0:(n-1), n), rev(y), rep(1:n, n), rev(y) - 0.5,`
		2793	`+ col = cols[, subset], border = border)`
		2794	`+ palette <- palette[-subset]`
78482	maechler	2795	`+ cols <- cols[, -subset, drop = FALSE]`
76276	murrell	2796	`+ }`
82717	ripley	2797	`+`
76276	murrell	2798	`+ par(mfrow = c(1, 1), mar = c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1), cex = 1)`
		2799	`+ }`
		2800	`> hcl.swatch()`
		2801	`> hcl.swatch("qualitative")`
		2802	`> hcl.swatch("sequential")`
		2803	`> hcl.swatch("diverging")`
		2804	`> hcl.swatch("divergingx")`
82717	ripley	2805	`>`
76276	murrell	2806	`> ## heat maps with sequential HCL palette (purple)`
		2807	`> image(volcano, col = hcl.colors(11, "purples", rev = TRUE))`
		2808	`> filled.contour(volcano, nlevels = 10,`
		2809	`+ color.palette = function(n, ...)`
		2810	`+ hcl.colors(n, "purples", rev = TRUE, ...))`
82717	ripley	2811	`>`
76276	murrell	2812	`> ## list available HCL color palettes`
		2813	`> hcl.pals("qualitative")`
82717	ripley	2814	`[1] "Pastel 1" "Dark 2" "Dark 3" "Set 2" "Set 3" "Warm" "Cold"`
		2815	`[8] "Harmonic" "Dynamic"`
76276	murrell	2816	`> hcl.pals("sequential")`
82717	ripley	2817	`[1] "Grays" "Light Grays" "Blues 2" "Blues 3"`
		2818	`[5] "Purples 2" "Purples 3" "Reds 2" "Reds 3"`
		2819	`[9] "Greens 2" "Greens 3" "Oslo" "Purple-Blue"`
76276	murrell	2820	`[13] "Red-Purple" "Red-Blue" "Purple-Orange" "Purple-Yellow"`
82717	ripley	2821	`[17] "Blue-Yellow" "Green-Yellow" "Red-Yellow" "Heat"`
		2822	`[21] "Heat 2" "Terrain" "Terrain 2" "Viridis"`
		2823	`[25] "Plasma" "Inferno" "Rocket" "Mako"`
		2824	`[29] "Dark Mint" "Mint" "BluGrn" "Teal"`
		2825	`[33] "TealGrn" "Emrld" "BluYl" "ag_GrnYl"`
		2826	`[37] "Peach" "PinkYl" "Burg" "BurgYl"`
		2827	`[41] "RedOr" "OrYel" "Purp" "PurpOr"`
		2828	`[45] "Sunset" "Magenta" "SunsetDark" "ag_Sunset"`
		2829	`[49] "BrwnYl" "YlOrRd" "YlOrBr" "OrRd"`
		2830	`[53] "Oranges" "YlGn" "YlGnBu" "Reds"`
		2831	`[57] "RdPu" "PuRd" "Purples" "PuBuGn"`
		2832	`[61] "PuBu" "Greens" "BuGn" "GnBu"`
		2833	`[65] "BuPu" "Blues" "Lajolla" "Turku"`
		2834	`[69] "Hawaii" "Batlow"`
76276	murrell	2835	`> hcl.pals("diverging")`
82717	ripley	2836	`[1] "Blue-Red" "Blue-Red 2" "Blue-Red 3" "Red-Green"`
76276	murrell	2837	`[5] "Purple-Green" "Purple-Brown" "Green-Brown" "Blue-Yellow 2"`
82717	ripley	2838	`[9] "Blue-Yellow 3" "Green-Orange" "Cyan-Magenta" "Tropic"`
		2839	`[13] "Broc" "Cork" "Vik" "Berlin"`
		2840	`[17] "Lisbon" "Tofino"`
76276	murrell	2841	`> hcl.pals("divergingx")`
82717	ripley	2842	`[1] "ArmyRose" "Earth" "Fall" "Geyser" "TealRose" "Temps"`
		2843	`[7] "PuOr" "RdBu" "RdGy" "PiYG" "PRGn" "BrBG"`
		2844	`[13] "RdYlBu" "RdYlGn" "Spectral" "Zissou 1" "Cividis" "Roma"`
		2845	`>`
		2846	`>`
		2847	`>`
76276	murrell	2848	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
56186	murdoch	2849	`> cleanEx()`
		2850	`> nameEx("pdf")`
		2851	`> ### * pdf`
82717	ripley	2852	`>`
56186	murdoch	2853	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2854	`>`
56186	murdoch	2855	`> ### Name: pdf`
		2856	`> ### Title: PDF Graphics Device`
		2857	`> ### Aliases: pdf`
		2858	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	2859	`>`
56186	murdoch	2860	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2861	`>`
		2862	`>`
		2863	`>`
56186	murdoch	2864	`> cleanEx()`
		2865	`> nameEx("pdf.options")`
		2866	`> ### * pdf.options`
82717	ripley	2867	`>`
56186	murdoch	2868	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2869	`>`
56186	murdoch	2870	`> ### Name: pdf.options`
86894	smeyer	2871	`> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of 'pdf'`
56186	murdoch	2872	`> ### Aliases: pdf.options`
		2873	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	2874	`>`
56186	murdoch	2875	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2876	`>`
56186	murdoch	2877	`> pdf.options(bg = "pink")`
		2878	`> utils::str(pdf.options())`
86894	smeyer	2879	`List of 21`
56186	murdoch	2880	`$ width : num 7`
		2881	`$ height : num 7`
		2882	`$ onefile : logi TRUE`
		2883	`$ family : chr "Helvetica"`
		2884	`$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"`
		2885	`$ fonts : NULL`
		2886	`$ version : chr "1.4"`
		2887	`$ paper : chr "special"`
		2888	`$ encoding : chr "default"`
		2889	`$ bg : chr "pink"`
		2890	`$ fg : chr "black"`
		2891	`$ pointsize : num 12`
		2892	`$ pagecentre : logi TRUE`
56808	ripley	2893	`$ colormodel : chr "srgb"`
77849	murrell	2894	`$ useDingbats: logi FALSE`
56186	murdoch	2895	`$ useKerning : logi TRUE`
		2896	`$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE`
		2897	`$ compress : logi TRUE`
86894	smeyer	2898	`$ timestamp : logi TRUE`
		2899	`$ producer : logi TRUE`
		2900	`$ author : chr ""`
56186	murdoch	2901	`> pdf.options(reset = TRUE) # back to factory-fresh`
82717	ripley	2902	`>`
		2903	`>`
		2904	`>`
56186	murdoch	2905	`> cleanEx()`
		2906	`> nameEx("pictex")`
		2907	`> ### * pictex`
82717	ripley	2908	`>`
56186	murdoch	2909	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2910	`>`
56186	murdoch	2911	`> ### Name: pictex`
		2912	`> ### Title: A PicTeX Graphics Driver`
		2913	`> ### Aliases: pictex`
		2914	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	2915	`>`
56186	murdoch	2916	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2917	`>`
56186	murdoch	2918	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	2919	`> ## Don't show:`
74547	maechler	2920	`> oldwd <- setwd(tempdir())`
		2921	`> ## End(Don't show)`
82717	ripley	2922	`>`
56186	murdoch	2923	`> pictex()`
85945	ripley	2924	`Warning in pictex() : 'pictex' is deprecated.`
85517	ripley	2925	`Consider a TiKZ device instead.`
61169	ripley	2926	`> plot(1:11, (-5:5)^2, type = "b", main = "Simple Example Plot")`
56186	murdoch	2927	`> dev.off()`
82717	ripley	2928	`pdf`
		2929	`2`
56186	murdoch	2930	`> ##--------------------`
82717	ripley	2931	`> ## Not run:`
56186	murdoch	2932	`> ##D %% LaTeX Example`
		2933	`> ##D \documentclass{article}`
		2934	`> ##D \usepackage{pictex}`
		2935	`> ##D \usepackage{graphics} % for \rotatebox`
		2936	`> ##D \begin{document}`
		2937	`> ##D %...`
		2938	`> ##D \begin{figure}[h]`
		2939	`> ##D \centerline{\input{Rplots.tex}}`
		2940	`> ##D \caption{}`
		2941	`> ##D \end{figure}`
		2942	`> ##D %...`
		2943	`> ##D \end{document}`
		2944	`> ## End(Not run)`
		2945	`> ##--------------------`
		2946	`> unlink("Rplots.tex")`
82717	ripley	2947	`> ## Don't show:`
74547	maechler	2948	`> setwd(oldwd)`
		2949	`> ## End(Don't show)`
82717	ripley	2950	`>`
		2951	`>`
		2952	`>`
56186	murdoch	2953	`> cleanEx()`
		2954	`> nameEx("plotmath")`
		2955	`> ### * plotmath`
82717	ripley	2956	`>`
56186	murdoch	2957	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	2958	`>`
56186	murdoch	2959	`> ### Name: plotmath`
		2960	`> ### Title: Mathematical Annotation in R`
		2961	`> ### Aliases: plotmath symbol plain bold italic bolditalic hat bar dot ring`
		2962	`> ### widehat widetilde displaystyle textstyle scriptstyle`
		2963	`> ### scriptscriptstyle underline phantom over frac atop integral inf sup`
		2964	`> ### group bgroup`
		2965	`> ### Keywords: aplot`
82717	ripley	2966	`>`
56186	murdoch	2967	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	2968	`>`
56186	murdoch	2969	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	2970	`>`
80081	hornik	2971	`> x <- seq(-4, 4, length.out = 101)`
56186	murdoch	2972	`> y <- cbind(sin(x), cos(x))`
		2973	`> matplot(x, y, type = "l", xaxt = "n",`
		2974	`+ main = expression(paste(plain(sin) * phi, " and ",`
		2975	`+ plain(cos) * phi)),`
		2976	`+ ylab = expression("sin" * phi, "cos" * phi), # only 1st is taken`
		2977	`+ xlab = expression(paste("Phase Angle ", phi)),`
		2978	`+ col.main = "blue")`
		2979	`> axis(1, at = c(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi),`
		2980	`+ labels = expression(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi))`
82717	ripley	2981	`>`
		2982	`>`
56186	murdoch	2983	`> ## How to combine "math" and numeric variables :`
		2984	`> plot(1:10, type="n", xlab="", ylab="", main = "plot math & numbers")`
		2985	`> theta <- 1.23 ; mtext(bquote(hat(theta) == .(theta)), line= .25)`
		2986	`> for(i in 2:9)`
61169	ripley	2987	`+ text(i, i+1, substitute(list(xi, eta) == group("(",list(x,y),")"),`
		2988	`+ list(x = i, y = i+1)))`
56186	murdoch	2989	`> ## note that both of these use calls rather than expressions.`
		2990	`> ##`
61169	ripley	2991	`> text(1, 10, "Derivatives:", adj = 0)`
		2992	`> text(1, 9.6, expression(`
		2993	`+ " first: {f * minute}(x) " == {f * minute}(x)), adj = 0)`
		2994	`> text(1, 9.0, expression(`
		2995	`+ " second: {f * second}(x) " == {f * second}(x)), adj = 0)`
82717	ripley	2996	`>`
		2997	`>`
		2998	`> ## note the "{ .. }" trick to get "chained" equations:`
		2999	`> plot(1:10, 1:10, main = quote(1 <= {1 < 2}))`
56186	murdoch	3000	`> text(4, 9, expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y))`
		3001	`> text(4, 8.4, "expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y)",`
		3002	`+ cex = .8)`
		3003	`> text(4, 7, expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n)))`
		3004	`> text(4, 6.4, "expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n))",`
		3005	`+ cex = .8)`
		3006	`> text(8, 5, expression(paste(frac(1, sigmasqrt(2pi)), " ",`
		3007	`+ plain(e)^{frac(-(x-mu)^2, 2*sigma^2)})),`
		3008	`+ cex = 1.2)`
82717	ripley	3009	`>`
56186	murdoch	3010	`> ## some other useful symbols`
		3011	`> plot.new(); plot.window(c(0,4), c(15,1))`
61169	ripley	3012	`> text(1, 1, "universal", adj = 0); text(2.5, 1, "\\042")`
56186	murdoch	3013	`> text(3, 1, expression(symbol("\042")))`
61169	ripley	3014	`> text(1, 2, "existential", adj = 0); text(2.5, 2, "\\044")`
56186	murdoch	3015	`> text(3, 2, expression(symbol("\044")))`
61169	ripley	3016	`> text(1, 3, "suchthat", adj = 0); text(2.5, 3, "\\047")`
56186	murdoch	3017	`> text(3, 3, expression(symbol("\047")))`
61169	ripley	3018	`> text(1, 4, "therefore", adj = 0); text(2.5, 4, "\\134")`
56186	murdoch	3019	`> text(3, 4, expression(symbol("\134")))`
61169	ripley	3020	`> text(1, 5, "perpendicular", adj = 0); text(2.5, 5, "\\136")`
56186	murdoch	3021	`> text(3, 5, expression(symbol("\136")))`
61169	ripley	3022	`> text(1, 6, "circlemultiply", adj = 0); text(2.5, 6, "\\304")`
56186	murdoch	3023	`> text(3, 6, expression(symbol("\304")))`
61169	ripley	3024	`> text(1, 7, "circleplus", adj = 0); text(2.5, 7, "\\305")`
56186	murdoch	3025	`> text(3, 7, expression(symbol("\305")))`
61169	ripley	3026	`> text(1, 8, "emptyset", adj = 0); text(2.5, 8, "\\306")`
56186	murdoch	3027	`> text(3, 8, expression(symbol("\306")))`
61169	ripley	3028	`> text(1, 9, "angle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 9, "\\320")`
56186	murdoch	3029	`> text(3, 9, expression(symbol("\320")))`
61169	ripley	3030	`> text(1, 10, "leftangle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 10, "\\341")`
56186	murdoch	3031	`> text(3, 10, expression(symbol("\341")))`
61169	ripley	3032	`> text(1, 11, "rightangle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 11, "\\361")`
56186	murdoch	3033	`> text(3, 11, expression(symbol("\361")))`
82717	ripley	3034	`>`
		3035	`>`
		3036	`>`
56186	murdoch	3037	`> cleanEx()`
		3038	`> nameEx("postscriptFonts")`
		3039	`> ### * postscriptFonts`
82717	ripley	3040	`>`
56186	murdoch	3041	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3042	`>`
56186	murdoch	3043	`> ### Name: postscriptFonts`
		3044	`> ### Title: PostScript and PDF Font Families`
		3045	`> ### Aliases: postscriptFonts pdfFonts`
		3046	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	3047	`>`
56186	murdoch	3048	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3049	`>`
56186	murdoch	3050	`> postscriptFonts()`
		3051	`$serif`
		3052	`$family`
		3053	`[1] "Times"`
		3054
		3055	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3056	`[1] "Times-Roman.afm" "Times-Bold.afm" "Times-Italic.afm"`
		3057	`[4] "Times-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3058
		3059	`$encoding`
		3060	`[1] "default"`
		3061
		3062	`attr(,"class")`
		3063	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3064
		3065	`$sans`
		3066	`$family`
		3067	`[1] "Helvetica"`
		3068
		3069	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3070	`[1] "Helvetica.afm" "Helvetica-Bold.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3071	`[3] "Helvetica-Oblique.afm" "Helvetica-BoldOblique.afm"`
82717	ripley	3072	`[5] "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3073
		3074	`$encoding`
		3075	`[1] "default"`
		3076
		3077	`attr(,"class")`
		3078	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3079
		3080	`$mono`
		3081	`$family`
		3082	`[1] "Courier"`
		3083
		3084	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3085	`[1] "Courier.afm" "Courier-Bold.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3086	`[3] "Courier-Oblique.afm" "Courier-BoldOblique.afm"`
82717	ripley	3087	`[5] "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3088
		3089	`$encoding`
		3090	`[1] "default"`
		3091
		3092	`attr(,"class")`
		3093	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3094
		3095	`$AvantGarde`
		3096	`$family`
		3097	`[1] "AvantGarde"`
		3098
		3099	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3100	`[1] "agw_____.afm" "agd_____.afm" "agwo____.afm" "agdo____.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3101
		3102	`$encoding`
		3103	`[1] "default"`
		3104
		3105	`attr(,"class")`
		3106	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3107
		3108	`$Bookman`
		3109	`$family`
		3110	`[1] "Bookman"`
		3111
		3112	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3113	`[1] "bkl_____.afm" "bkd_____.afm" "bkli____.afm" "bkdi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3114
		3115	`$encoding`
		3116	`[1] "default"`
		3117
		3118	`attr(,"class")`
		3119	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3120
		3121	`$Courier`
		3122	`$family`
		3123	`[1] "Courier"`
		3124
		3125	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3126	`[1] "Courier.afm" "Courier-Bold.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3127	`[3] "Courier-Oblique.afm" "Courier-BoldOblique.afm"`
82717	ripley	3128	`[5] "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3129
		3130	`$encoding`
		3131	`[1] "default"`
		3132
		3133	`attr(,"class")`
		3134	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3135
		3136	`$Helvetica`
		3137	`$family`
		3138	`[1] "Helvetica"`
		3139
		3140	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3141	`[1] "Helvetica.afm" "Helvetica-Bold.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3142	`[3] "Helvetica-Oblique.afm" "Helvetica-BoldOblique.afm"`
82717	ripley	3143	`[5] "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3144
		3145	`$encoding`
		3146	`[1] "default"`
		3147
		3148	`attr(,"class")`
		3149	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3150
		3151	$`Helvetica-Narrow`
		3152	`$family`
		3153	`[1] "Helvetica-Narrow"`
		3154
		3155	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3156	`[1] "hvn_____.afm" "hvnb____.afm" "hvno____.afm" "hvnbo___.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3157
		3158	`$encoding`
		3159	`[1] "default"`
		3160
		3161	`attr(,"class")`
		3162	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3163
		3164	`$NewCenturySchoolbook`
		3165	`$family`
		3166	`[1] "NewCenturySchoolbook"`
		3167
		3168	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3169	`[1] "ncr_____.afm" "ncb_____.afm" "nci_____.afm" "ncbi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3170
		3171	`$encoding`
		3172	`[1] "default"`
		3173
		3174	`attr(,"class")`
		3175	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3176
		3177	`$Palatino`
		3178	`$family`
		3179	`[1] "Palatino"`
		3180
		3181	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3182	`[1] "por_____.afm" "pob_____.afm" "poi_____.afm" "pobi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3183
		3184	`$encoding`
		3185	`[1] "default"`
		3186
		3187	`attr(,"class")`
		3188	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3189
		3190	`$Times`
		3191	`$family`
		3192	`[1] "Times"`
		3193
		3194	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3195	`[1] "Times-Roman.afm" "Times-Bold.afm" "Times-Italic.afm"`
		3196	`[4] "Times-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3197
		3198	`$encoding`
		3199	`[1] "default"`
		3200
		3201	`attr(,"class")`
		3202	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3203
		3204	`$URWGothic`
		3205	`$family`
		3206	`[1] "URWGothic"`
		3207
		3208	`$metrics`
		3209	`[1] "a010013l.afm" "a010015l.afm" "a010033l.afm" "a010035l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3210
		3211	`$encoding`
		3212	`[1] "default"`
		3213
		3214	`attr(,"class")`
		3215	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3216
		3217	`$URWBookman`
		3218	`$family`
		3219	`[1] "URWBookman"`
		3220
		3221	`$metrics`
		3222	`[1] "b018012l.afm" "b018015l.afm" "b018032l.afm" "b018035l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3223
		3224	`$encoding`
		3225	`[1] "default"`
		3226
		3227	`attr(,"class")`
		3228	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3229
		3230	`$NimbusMon`
		3231	`$family`
		3232	`[1] "NimbusMon"`
		3233
		3234	`$metrics`
		3235	`[1] "n022003l.afm" "n022004l.afm" "n022023l.afm" "n022024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3236
		3237	`$encoding`
		3238	`[1] "default"`
		3239
		3240	`attr(,"class")`
		3241	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3242
		3243	`$NimbusSan`
		3244	`$family`
		3245	`[1] "NimbusSan"`
		3246
		3247	`$metrics`
		3248	`[1] "n019003l.afm" "n019004l.afm" "n019023l.afm" "n019024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3249
		3250	`$encoding`
		3251	`[1] "default"`
		3252
		3253	`attr(,"class")`
		3254	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3255
		3256	`$URWHelvetica`
		3257	`$family`
		3258	`[1] "URWHelvetica"`
		3259
		3260	`$metrics`
		3261	`[1] "n019003l.afm" "n019004l.afm" "n019023l.afm" "n019024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3262
		3263	`$encoding`
		3264	`[1] "default"`
		3265
		3266	`attr(,"class")`
		3267	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3268
		3269	`$NimbusSanCond`
		3270	`$family`
		3271	`[1] "NimbusSanCond"`
		3272
		3273	`$metrics`
		3274	`[1] "n019043l.afm" "n019044l.afm" "n019063l.afm" "n019064l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3275
		3276	`$encoding`
		3277	`[1] "default"`
		3278
		3279	`attr(,"class")`
		3280	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3281
		3282	`$CenturySch`
		3283	`$family`
		3284	`[1] "CenturySch"`
		3285
		3286	`$metrics`
		3287	`[1] "c059013l.afm" "c059016l.afm" "c059033l.afm" "c059036l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3288
		3289	`$encoding`
		3290	`[1] "default"`
		3291
		3292	`attr(,"class")`
		3293	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3294
		3295	`$URWPalladio`
		3296	`$family`
		3297	`[1] "URWPalladio"`
		3298
		3299	`$metrics`
		3300	`[1] "p052003l.afm" "p052004l.afm" "p052023l.afm" "p052024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3301
		3302	`$encoding`
		3303	`[1] "default"`
		3304
		3305	`attr(,"class")`
		3306	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3307
		3308	`$NimbusRom`
		3309	`$family`
		3310	`[1] "NimbusRom"`
		3311
		3312	`$metrics`
		3313	`[1] "n021003l.afm" "n021004l.afm" "n021023l.afm" "n021024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3314
		3315	`$encoding`
		3316	`[1] "default"`
		3317
		3318	`attr(,"class")`
		3319	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3320
		3321	`$URWTimes`
		3322	`$family`
		3323	`[1] "URWTimes"`
		3324
		3325	`$metrics`
		3326	`[1] "n021003l.afm" "n021004l.afm" "n021023l.afm" "n021024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		3327
		3328	`$encoding`
		3329	`[1] "default"`
		3330
		3331	`attr(,"class")`
		3332	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3333
85760	ripley	3334	`$URW2Helvetica`
		3335	`$family`
		3336	`[1] "URW2Helvetica"`
		3337
		3338	`$metrics`
		3339	`[1] "NimbusSans-Regular.afm" "NimbusSans-Bold.afm"`
		3340	`[3] "NimbusSans-Oblique.afm" "NimbusSans-BoldOblique.afm"`
		3341	`[5] "StandardSymbolsPS.afm"`
		3342
		3343	`$encoding`
		3344	`[1] "default"`
		3345
		3346	`attr(,"class")`
		3347	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3348
		3349	`$URW2HelveticaItalic`
		3350	`$family`
		3351	`[1] "URW2HelveticaItalic"`
		3352
		3353	`$metrics`
		3354	`[1] "NimbusSans-Regular.afm" "NimbusSans-Bold.afm"`
		3355	`[3] "NimbusSans-Italic.afm" "NimbusSans-BoldItalic.afm"`
		3356	`[5] "StandardSymbolsPS.afm"`
		3357
		3358	`$encoding`
		3359	`[1] "default"`
		3360
		3361	`attr(,"class")`
		3362	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3363
		3364	`$URW2Times`
		3365	`$family`
		3366	`[1] "URW2Times"`
		3367
		3368	`$metrics`
		3369	`[1] "NimbusRoman-Regular.afm" "NimbusRoman-Bold.afm"`
		3370	`[3] "NimbusRoman-Italic.afm" "NimbusRoman-BoldItalic.afm"`
		3371	`[5] "StandardSymbolsPS.afm"`
		3372
		3373	`$encoding`
		3374	`[1] "default"`
		3375
		3376	`attr(,"class")`
		3377	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3378
		3379	`$NimbusMonoPS`
		3380	`$family`
		3381	`[1] "NimbusMonoPS"`
		3382
		3383	`$metrics`
		3384	`[1] "NimbusMonoPS-Regular.afm" "NimbusMonoPS-Bold.afm"`
		3385	`[3] "NimbusMonoPS-Italic.afm" "NimbusMonoPS-BoldItalic.afm"`
		3386	`[5] "StandardSymbolsPS.afm"`
		3387
		3388	`$encoding`
		3389	`[1] "default"`
		3390
		3391	`attr(,"class")`
		3392	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3393
63675	ripley	3394	`$ArialMT`
		3395	`$family`
		3396	`[1] "ArialMT"`
		3397
		3398	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3399	`[1] "ArialMT.afm" "ArialMT-Bold.afm" "ArialMT-Italic.afm"`
		3400	`[4] "ArialMT-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
63675	ripley	3401
		3402	`$encoding`
		3403	`[1] "default"`
		3404
		3405	`attr(,"class")`
		3406	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3407
56186	murdoch	3408	`$ComputerModern`
		3409	`$family`
		3410	`[1] "ComputerModern"`
		3411
		3412	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3413	`[1] "CM_regular_10.afm" "CM_boldx_10.afm" "CM_italic_10.afm"`
		3414	`[4] "CM_boldx_italic_10.afm" "CM_symbol_10.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3415
		3416	`$encoding`
		3417	`[1] "TeXtext.enc"`
		3418
		3419	`attr(,"class")`
		3420	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3421
		3422	`$ComputerModernItalic`
		3423	`$family`
		3424	`[1] "ComputerModernItalic"`
		3425
		3426	`$metrics`
82717	ripley	3427	`[1] "CM_regular_10.afm" "CM_boldx_10.afm" "cmti10.afm"`
		3428	`[4] "cmbxti10.afm" "CM_symbol_10.afm"`
56186	murdoch	3429
		3430	`$encoding`
		3431	`[1] "TeXtext.enc"`
		3432
		3433	`attr(,"class")`
		3434	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		3435
		3436	`$Japan1`
		3437	`$family`
		3438	`[1] "HeiseiKakuGo-W5"`
		3439
		3440	`$metrics`
		3441	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3442
		3443	`$cmap`
		3444	`[1] "EUC-H"`
		3445
		3446	`$cmapEncoding`
		3447	`[1] "EUC-JP"`
		3448
		3449	`$pdfresource`
		3450	`[1] ""`
		3451
		3452	`attr(,"class")`
		3453	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3454
		3455	`$Japan1HeiMin`
		3456	`$family`
		3457	`[1] "HeiseiMin-W3"`
		3458
		3459	`$metrics`
		3460	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3461
		3462	`$cmap`
		3463	`[1] "EUC-H"`
		3464
		3465	`$cmapEncoding`
		3466	`[1] "EUC-JP"`
		3467
		3468	`$pdfresource`
		3469	`[1] ""`
		3470
		3471	`attr(,"class")`
		3472	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3473
		3474	`$Japan1GothicBBB`
		3475	`$family`
		3476	`[1] "GothicBBB-Medium"`
		3477
		3478	`$metrics`
		3479	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3480
		3481	`$cmap`
		3482	`[1] "EUC-H"`
		3483
		3484	`$cmapEncoding`
		3485	`[1] "EUC-JP"`
		3486
		3487	`$pdfresource`
		3488	`[1] ""`
		3489
		3490	`attr(,"class")`
		3491	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3492
		3493	`$Japan1Ryumin`
		3494	`$family`
		3495	`[1] "Ryumin-Light"`
		3496
		3497	`$metrics`
		3498	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3499
		3500	`$cmap`
		3501	`[1] "EUC-H"`
		3502
		3503	`$cmapEncoding`
		3504	`[1] "EUC-JP"`
		3505
		3506	`$pdfresource`
		3507	`[1] ""`
		3508
		3509	`attr(,"class")`
		3510	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3511
		3512	`$Korea1`
		3513	`$family`
		3514	`[1] "Baekmuk-Batang"`
		3515
		3516	`$metrics`
		3517	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3518
		3519	`$cmap`
		3520	`[1] "KSCms-UHC-H"`
		3521
		3522	`$cmapEncoding`
		3523	`[1] "CP949"`
		3524
		3525	`$pdfresource`
		3526	`[1] ""`
		3527
		3528	`attr(,"class")`
		3529	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3530
		3531	`$Korea1deb`
		3532	`$family`
		3533	`[1] "Batang-Regular"`
		3534
		3535	`$metrics`
		3536	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3537
		3538	`$cmap`
		3539	`[1] "KSCms-UHC-H"`
		3540
		3541	`$cmapEncoding`
		3542	`[1] "CP949"`
		3543
		3544	`$pdfresource`
		3545	`[1] ""`
		3546
		3547	`attr(,"class")`
		3548	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3549
		3550	`$CNS1`
		3551	`$family`
		3552	`[1] "MOESung-Regular"`
		3553
		3554	`$metrics`
		3555	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3556
		3557	`$cmap`
		3558	`[1] "B5pc-H"`
		3559
		3560	`$cmapEncoding`
		3561	`[1] "CP950"`
		3562
		3563	`$pdfresource`
		3564	`[1] ""`
		3565
		3566	`attr(,"class")`
		3567	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3568
		3569	`$GB1`
		3570	`$family`
		3571	`[1] "BousungEG-Light-GB"`
		3572
		3573	`$metrics`
		3574	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3575
		3576	`$cmap`
		3577	`[1] "GBK-EUC-H"`
		3578
		3579	`$cmapEncoding`
		3580	`[1] "GBK"`
		3581
		3582	`$pdfresource`
		3583	`[1] ""`
		3584
		3585	`attr(,"class")`
		3586	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3587
		3588	`> ## This duplicates "ComputerModernItalic".`
		3589	`> CMitalic <- Type1Font("ComputerModern2",`
		3590	`+ c("CM_regular_10.afm", "CM_boldx_10.afm",`
		3591	`+ "cmti10.afm", "cmbxti10.afm",`
		3592	`+ "CM_symbol_10.afm"),`
		3593	`+ encoding = "TeXtext.enc")`
		3594	`> postscriptFonts(CMitalic = CMitalic)`
82717	ripley	3595	`>`
56186	murdoch	3596	`> ## A CID font for Japanese using a different CMap and`
		3597	`> ## corresponding cmapEncoding.`
		3598	> `Jp_UCS-2` <- CIDFont("TestUCS2",
		3599	`+ c("Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",`
		3600	`+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",`
		3601	`+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",`
		3602	`+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm"),`
		3603	`+ "UniJIS-UCS2-H", "UCS-2")`
		3604	> pdfFonts(`Jp_UCS-2` = `Jp_UCS-2`)
		3605	`> names(pdfFonts())`
82717	ripley	3606	`[1] "serif" "sans" "mono"`
		3607	`[4] "AvantGarde" "Bookman" "Courier"`
56186	murdoch	3608	`[7] "Helvetica" "Helvetica-Narrow" "NewCenturySchoolbook"`
82717	ripley	3609	`[10] "Palatino" "Times" "URWGothic"`
		3610	`[13] "URWBookman" "NimbusMon" "NimbusSan"`
		3611	`[16] "URWHelvetica" "NimbusSanCond" "CenturySch"`
		3612	`[19] "URWPalladio" "NimbusRom" "URWTimes"`
85760	ripley	3613	`[22] "URW2Helvetica" "URW2HelveticaItalic" "URW2Times"`
		3614	`[25] "NimbusMonoPS" "ArialMT" "Japan1"`
		3615	`[28] "Japan1HeiMin" "Japan1GothicBBB" "Japan1Ryumin"`
		3616	`[31] "Korea1" "Korea1deb" "CNS1"`
		3617	`[34] "GB1" "Jp_UCS-2"`
82717	ripley	3618	`>`
		3619	`>`
		3620	`>`
56186	murdoch	3621	`> cleanEx()`
		3622	`> nameEx("pretty.Date")`
		3623	`> ### * pretty.Date`
82717	ripley	3624	`>`
56186	murdoch	3625	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3626	`>`
56186	murdoch	3627	`> ### Name: pretty.Date`
		3628	`> ### Title: Pretty Breakpoints for Date-Time Classes`
70448	maechler	3629	`> ### Aliases: pretty.Date pretty.POSIXt`
56186	murdoch	3630	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	3631	`>`
56186	murdoch	3632	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3633	`>`
80720	maechler	3634	`> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_BEGIN`
		3635	`> pretty(Sys.Date())`
88293	murrell	3636	`[1] "2025-06-08" "2025-06-09" "2025-06-10" "2025-06-11" "2025-06-12"`
		3637	`[6] "2025-06-13"`
80720	maechler	3638	`> pretty(Sys.time(), n = 10)`
88293	murrell	3639	`[1] "2025-06-10 09:12:42 NZST" "2025-06-10 09:12:43 NZST"`
		3640	`[3] "2025-06-10 09:12:44 NZST" "2025-06-10 09:12:45 NZST"`
		3641	`[5] "2025-06-10 09:12:46 NZST" "2025-06-10 09:12:47 NZST"`
		3642	`[7] "2025-06-10 09:12:48 NZST" "2025-06-10 09:12:49 NZST"`
		3643	`[9] "2025-06-10 09:12:50 NZST" "2025-06-10 09:12:51 NZST"`
		3644	`[11] "2025-06-10 09:12:52 NZST"`
80720	maechler	3645	`> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_END`
70467	maechler	3646	`> pretty(as.Date("2000-03-01")) # R 1.0.0 came in a leap year`
		3647	`[1] "2000-02-28" "2000-02-29" "2000-03-01" "2000-03-02" "2000-03-03"`
		3648	`[6] "2000-03-04"`
82717	ripley	3649	`>`
		3650	`>`
		3651	`>`
56186	murdoch	3652	`> cleanEx()`
		3653	`> nameEx("ps.options")`
		3654	`> ### * ps.options`
82717	ripley	3655	`>`
56186	murdoch	3656	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3657	`>`
56186	murdoch	3658	`> ### Name: ps.options`
		3659	`> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of`
		3660	`> ### postscript`
		3661	`> ### Aliases: ps.options setEPS setPS`
		3662	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	3663	`>`
56186	murdoch	3664	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3665	`>`
56186	murdoch	3666	`> ps.options(bg = "pink")`
		3667	`> utils::str(ps.options())`
		3668	`List of 18`
		3669	`$ onefile : logi TRUE`
		3670	`$ family : chr "Helvetica"`
		3671	`$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"`
		3672	`$ fonts : NULL`
		3673	`$ encoding : chr "default"`
		3674	`$ bg : chr "pink"`
		3675	`$ fg : chr "black"`
56942	ripley	3676	`$ width : num 0`
		3677	`$ height : num 0`
56186	murdoch	3678	`$ horizontal : logi TRUE`
		3679	`$ pointsize : num 12`
56942	ripley	3680	`$ paper : chr "default"`
56186	murdoch	3681	`$ pagecentre : logi TRUE`
		3682	`$ print.it : logi FALSE`
		3683	`$ command : chr "default"`
56943	ripley	3684	`$ colormodel : chr "srgb"`
56186	murdoch	3685	`$ useKerning : logi TRUE`
		3686	`$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE`
82717	ripley	3687	`>`
56186	murdoch	3688	`> ### ---- error checking of arguments: ----`
61157	ripley	3689	`> ps.options(width = 0:12, onefile = 0, bg = pi)`
56186	murdoch	3690	`Warning: ‘mode(onefile)’ and ‘mode(bg)’ differ between new and previous`
		3691	`==> NOT changing ‘onefile’ & ‘bg’`
		3692	`Warning: ‘length(width)’ differs between new and previous`
		3693	`==> NOT changing ‘width’`
		3694	`> # override the check for 'width', but not 'bg':`
61157	ripley	3695	`> ps.options(width = 0:12, bg = pi, override.check = c(TRUE,FALSE))`
56186	murdoch	3696	`Warning: ‘mode(bg)’ differs between new and previous`
		3697	`==> NOT changing ‘bg’`
		3698	`Warning: ‘length(width)’ differs between new and previous`
		3699	`> utils::str(ps.options())`
		3700	`List of 18`
		3701	`$ onefile : logi TRUE`
		3702	`$ family : chr "Helvetica"`
		3703	`$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"`
		3704	`$ fonts : NULL`
		3705	`$ encoding : chr "default"`
		3706	`$ bg : chr "pink"`
		3707	`$ fg : chr "black"`
		3708	`$ width : int [1:13] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...`
56942	ripley	3709	`$ height : num 0`
56186	murdoch	3710	`$ horizontal : logi TRUE`
		3711	`$ pointsize : num 12`
56942	ripley	3712	`$ paper : chr "default"`
56186	murdoch	3713	`$ pagecentre : logi TRUE`
		3714	`$ print.it : logi FALSE`
		3715	`$ command : chr "default"`
56943	ripley	3716	`$ colormodel : chr "srgb"`
56186	murdoch	3717	`$ useKerning : logi TRUE`
		3718	`$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE`
		3719	`> ps.options(reset = TRUE) # back to factory-fresh`
82717	ripley	3720	`>`
		3721	`>`
		3722	`>`
56186	murdoch	3723	`> cleanEx()`
75104	maechler	3724	`> nameEx("quartz")`
		3725	`> ### * quartz`
82717	ripley	3726	`>`
75104	maechler	3727	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3728	`>`
75104	maechler	3729	`> ### Name: quartz`
		3730	`> ### Title: macOS Quartz Device`
		3731	`> ### Aliases: quartz quartz.options quartz.save`
		3732	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	3733	`>`
75104	maechler	3734	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3735	`> ## Not run:`
75104	maechler	3736	`> ##D ## Only on a Mac,`
		3737	`> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults`
		3738	`> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),`
		3739	`> ##D function(...) grDevices::quartz.options(width = 8, height = 6,`
		3740	`> ##D pointsize = 10))`
		3741	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	3742	`>`
		3743	`>`
75104	maechler	3744	`> cleanEx()`
		3745	`> nameEx("quartzFonts")`
		3746	`> ### * quartzFonts`
82717	ripley	3747	`>`
75104	maechler	3748	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3749	`>`
75104	maechler	3750	`> ### Name: quartzFonts`
		3751	`> ### Title: Quartz Fonts Setup`
		3752	`> ### Aliases: quartzFont quartzFonts`
		3753	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	3754	`>`
75104	maechler	3755	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3756	`>`
		3757	`>`
75104	maechler	3758	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	3759	`> nameEx("recordGraphics")`
		3760	`> ### * recordGraphics`
82717	ripley	3761	`>`
56186	murdoch	3762	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3763	`>`
56186	murdoch	3764	`> ### Name: recordGraphics`
		3765	`> ### Title: Record Graphics Operations`
		3766	`> ### Aliases: recordGraphics`
		3767	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	3768	`>`
56186	murdoch	3769	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3770	`>`
56186	murdoch	3771	`> require(graphics)`
82717	ripley	3772	`>`
56186	murdoch	3773	`> plot(1:10)`
		3774	`> # This rectangle remains 1inch wide when the device is resized`
		3775	`> recordGraphics(`
		3776	`+ {`
		3777	`+ rect(4, 2,`
		3778	`+ 4 + diff(par("usr")[1:2])/par("pin")[1], 3)`
		3779	`+ },`
		3780	`+ list(),`
		3781	`+ getNamespace("graphics"))`
82717	ripley	3782	`>`
		3783	`>`
		3784	`>`
56186	murdoch	3785	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		3786	`> cleanEx()`
		3787	`> nameEx("rgb")`
		3788	`> ### * rgb`
82717	ripley	3789	`>`
56186	murdoch	3790	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3791	`>`
56186	murdoch	3792	`> ### Name: rgb`
		3793	`> ### Title: RGB Color Specification`
		3794	`> ### Aliases: rgb`
		3795	`> ### Keywords: color`
82717	ripley	3796	`>`
56186	murdoch	3797	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3798	`>`
61169	ripley	3799	`> rgb(0, 1, 0)`
56186	murdoch	3800	`[1] "#00FF00"`
82717	ripley	3801	`>`
61157	ripley	3802	`> rgb((0:15)/15, green = 0, blue = 0, names = paste("red", 0:15, sep = "."))`
82717	ripley	3803	`red.0 red.1 red.2 red.3 red.4 red.5 red.6 red.7`
		3804	`"#000000" "#110000" "#220000" "#330000" "#440000" "#550000" "#660000" "#770000"`
		3805	`red.8 red.9 red.10 red.11 red.12 red.13 red.14 red.15`
		3806	`"#880000" "#990000" "#AA0000" "#BB0000" "#CC0000" "#DD0000" "#EE0000" "#FF0000"`
		3807	`>`
80081	hornik	3808	`> rgb(0, 0:12, 0, maxColorValue = 255) # integer input`
56186	murdoch	3809	`[1] "#000000" "#000100" "#000200" "#000300" "#000400" "#000500" "#000600"`
		3810	`[8] "#000700" "#000800" "#000900" "#000A00" "#000B00" "#000C00"`
82717	ripley	3811	`>`
56186	murdoch	3812	`> ramp <- colorRamp(c("red", "white"))`
80081	hornik	3813	`> rgb( ramp(seq(0, 1, length.out = 5)), maxColorValue = 255)`
56186	murdoch	3814	`[1] "#FF0000" "#FF3F3F" "#FF7F7F" "#FFBFBF" "#FFFFFF"`
82717	ripley	3815	`>`
		3816	`>`
		3817	`>`
56186	murdoch	3818	`> cleanEx()`
		3819	`> nameEx("rgb2hsv")`
		3820	`> ### * rgb2hsv`
82717	ripley	3821	`>`
56186	murdoch	3822	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3823	`>`
56186	murdoch	3824	`> ### Name: rgb2hsv`
		3825	`> ### Title: RGB to HSV Conversion`
		3826	`> ### Aliases: rgb2hsv`
		3827	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
82717	ripley	3828	`>`
56186	murdoch	3829	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3830	`>`
56186	murdoch	3831	`> ## These (saturated, bright ones) only differ by hue`
		3832	`> (rc <- col2rgb(c("red", "yellow","green","cyan", "blue", "magenta")))`
		3833	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]`
		3834	`red 255 255 0 0 0 255`
		3835	`green 0 255 255 255 0 0`
		3836	`blue 0 0 0 255 255 255`
		3837	`> (hc <- rgb2hsv(rc))`
		3838	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]`
		3839	`h 0 0.1666667 0.3333333 0.5 0.6666667 0.8333333`
		3840	`s 1 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0 1.0000000 1.0000000`
		3841	`v 1 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0 1.0000000 1.0000000`
		3842	`> 6 * hc["h",] # the hues are equispaced`
		3843	`[1] 0 1 2 3 4 5`
82717	ripley	3844	`>`
		3845	`> ## Don't show:`
56186	murdoch	3846	`> set.seed(151)`
66943	maechler	3847	`> ## End(Don't show)`
61169	ripley	3848	`> (rgb3 <- floor(256 * matrix(stats::runif(3*12), 3, 12)))`
56186	murdoch	3849	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]`
		3850	`[1,] 122 137 116 244 20 153 191 250 134 117 27 202`
		3851	`[2,] 221 113 210 200 218 151 64 182 195 103 218 254`
		3852	`[3,] 199 157 88 76 39 91 80 146 22 105 17 239`
		3853	`> (hsv3 <- rgb2hsv(rgb3))`
		3854	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]`
		3855	`h 0.4629630 0.7575758 0.2950820 0.1230159 0.3493266 0.1612903 0.9790026`
		3856	`s 0.4479638 0.2802548 0.5809524 0.6885246 0.9082569 0.4052288 0.6649215`
		3857	`v 0.8666667 0.6156863 0.8235294 0.9568627 0.8549020 0.6000000 0.7490196`
		3858	`[,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]`
		3859	`h 0.05769231 0.2254335 0.9761905 0.3250415 0.4519231`
		3860	`s 0.41600000 0.8871795 0.1196581 0.9220183 0.2047244`
		3861	`v 0.98039216 0.7647059 0.4588235 0.8549020 0.9960784`
		3862	`> ## Consistency :`
61157	ripley	3863	`> stopifnot(rgb3 == col2rgb(hsv(h = hsv3[1,], s = hsv3[2,], v = hsv3[3,])),`
56186	murdoch	3864	`+ all.equal(hsv3, rgb2hsv(rgb3/255, maxColorValue = 1)))`
82717	ripley	3865	`>`
56186	murdoch	3866	`> ## A (simplified) pure R version -- originally by Wolfram Fischer --`
		3867	`> ## showing the exact algorithm:`
		3868	`> rgb2hsvR <- function(rgb, gamma = 1, maxColorValue = 255)`
		3869	`+ {`
		3870	`+ if(!is.numeric(rgb)) stop("rgb matrix must be numeric")`
		3871	`+ d <- dim(rgb)`
		3872	`+ if(d[1] != 3) stop("rgb matrix must have 3 rows")`
		3873	`+ n <- d[2]`
61169	ripley	3874	`+ if(n == 0) return(cbind(c(h = 1, s = 1, v = 1))[,0])`
56186	murdoch	3875	`+ rgb <- rgb/maxColorValue`
		3876	`+ if(gamma != 1) rgb <- rgb ^ (1/gamma)`
82717	ripley	3877	`+`
56186	murdoch	3878	`+ ## get the max and min`
		3879	`+ v <- apply( rgb, 2, max)`
		3880	`+ s <- apply( rgb, 2, min)`
		3881	`+ D <- v - s # range`
82717	ripley	3882	`+`
56186	murdoch	3883	`+ ## set hue to zero for undefined values (gray has no hue)`
		3884	`+ h <- numeric(n)`
		3885	`+ notgray <- ( s != v )`
82717	ripley	3886	`+`
56186	murdoch	3887	`+ ## blue hue`
		3888	`+ idx <- (v == rgb[3,] & notgray )`
		3889	`+ if (any (idx))`
		3890	`+ h[idx] <- 2/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[1,idx] - rgb[2,idx]) / D[idx]`
		3891	`+ ## green hue`
		3892	`+ idx <- (v == rgb[2,] & notgray )`
		3893	`+ if (any (idx))`
		3894	`+ h[idx] <- 1/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[3,idx] - rgb[1,idx]) / D[idx]`
		3895	`+ ## red hue`
		3896	`+ idx <- (v == rgb[1,] & notgray )`
		3897	`+ if (any (idx))`
		3898	`+ h[idx] <- 1/6 * (rgb[2,idx] - rgb[3,idx]) / D[idx]`
82717	ripley	3899	`+`
56186	murdoch	3900	`+ ## correct for negative red`
		3901	`+ idx <- (h < 0)`
		3902	`+ h[idx] <- 1+h[idx]`
82717	ripley	3903	`+`
56186	murdoch	3904	`+ ## set the saturation`
		3905	`+ s[! notgray] <- 0;`
		3906	`+ s[notgray] <- 1 - s[notgray] / v[notgray]`
82717	ripley	3907	`+`
61157	ripley	3908	`+ rbind( h = h, s = s, v = v )`
56186	murdoch	3909	`+ }`
82717	ripley	3910	`>`
56186	murdoch	3911	`> ## confirm the equivalence:`
		3912	`> all.equal(rgb2hsv (rgb3),`
64891	ripley	3913	`+ rgb2hsvR(rgb3), tolerance = 1e-14) # TRUE`
56186	murdoch	3914	`[1] TRUE`
82717	ripley	3915	`>`
		3916	`>`
		3917	`>`
56186	murdoch	3918	`> cleanEx()`
		3919	`> nameEx("trans3d")`
		3920	`> ### * trans3d`
82717	ripley	3921	`>`
56186	murdoch	3922	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3923	`>`
56186	murdoch	3924	`> ### Name: trans3d`
		3925	`> ### Title: 3D to 2D Transformation for Perspective Plots`
		3926	`> ### Aliases: trans3d`
		3927	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	3928	`>`
56186	murdoch	3929	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3930	`>`
56186	murdoch	3931	`> ## See help(persp) {after attaching the 'graphics' package}`
		3932	`> ## -----------`
82717	ripley	3933	`>`
84795	maechler	3934	`> ## Example for 'continuous = TRUE' (vs default):`
		3935	`> require(graphics)`
		3936	`> x <- -10:10/10 # [-1, 1]`
		3937	`> y <- -16:16/16 # [-1, 1] ==> z = fxy := outer(x,y) is also in [-1,1]`
82717	ripley	3938	`>`
84795	maechler	3939	`> p <- persp(x, y, fxy <- outer(x,y), phi = 20, theta = 15, r = 3, ltheta = -75,`
		3940	`+ shade = 0.8, col = "green3", ticktype = "detailed")`
		3941	`> ## 5 axis-parallel auxiliary lines in x-y and y-z planes :`
		3942	`> lines(trans3d(-.5 , y=-1:1, z=min(fxy), pmat=p), lty=2)`
		3943	`> lines(trans3d( 0 , y=-1:1, z=min(fxy), pmat=p), lty=2)`
		3944	`> lines(trans3d(-1:1, y= -.7, z=min(fxy), pmat=p), lty=2)`
		3945	`> lines(trans3d( -1, y= -.7, z=c(-1,1) , pmat=p), lty=2)`
		3946	`> lines(trans3d( -1, y=-1:1, z= -.5 , pmat=p), lty=2)`
		3947	`> ## 2 pillars to carry the horizontals below:`
		3948	`> lines(trans3d(-.5 , y= -.7, z=c(-1,-.5), pmat=p), lwd=1.5, col="gray10")`
		3949	`> lines(trans3d( 0 , y= -.7, z=c(-1,-.5), pmat=p), lwd=1.5, col="gray10")`
		3950	`> ## now some "horizontal rays" (going from center to very left or very right):`
		3951	`> doHor <- function(x1, x2, z, CNT=FALSE, ...)`
		3952	`+ lines(trans3d(x=seq(x1, x2, by=0.5), y= -0.7, z = z, pmat = p, continuous = CNT),`
		3953	`+ lwd = 3, type="b", xpd=NA, ...)`
		3954	`> doHor(-10, 0, z = -0.5, col = 2) # x in [-10, 0] -- to the very left : fine`
		3955	`> doHor(-.5, 2, z = -0.52,col = 4) # x in [-0.5, 2] only {to the right} --> all fine`
		3956	`> ## but now, x in [-0.5, 20] -- "too far" ==> "wrap around" problem (without 'continuous=TRUE'):`
		3957	`> doHor(-.5, 20, z = -0.58, col = "steelblue", lty=2)`
		3958	`> ## but it is fixed with continuous = CNT = TRUE:`
		3959	`> doHor(-.5, 20, z = -0.55, CNT=TRUE, col = "skyblue")`
		3960	`points cut off after point[39]`
82717	ripley	3961	`>`
84795	maechler	3962	`>`
		3963	`>`
56186	murdoch	3964	`> cleanEx()`
75104	maechler	3965	`> nameEx("windows")`
		3966	`> ### * windows`
82717	ripley	3967	`>`
75104	maechler	3968	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3969	`>`
75104	maechler	3970	`> ### Name: windows`
		3971	`> ### Title: Windows Graphics Devices`
		3972	`> ### Aliases: windows win.graph win.metafile win.print print.SavedPlots`
		3973	`> ### [.SavedPlots`
		3974	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	3975	`>`
75104	maechler	3976	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3977	`> ## Not run:`
75104	maechler	3978	`> ##D ## A series of plots written to a sequence of metafiles`
		3979	`> ##D if(.Platform$OS.type == "windows")`
		3980	`> ##D win.metafile("Rplot%02d.wmf", pointsize = 10)`
		3981	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	3982	`>`
		3983	`>`
75104	maechler	3984	`> cleanEx()`
		3985	`> nameEx("windows.options")`
		3986	`> ### * windows.options`
82717	ripley	3987	`>`
75104	maechler	3988	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	3989	`>`
75104	maechler	3990	`> ### Name: windows.options`
		3991	`> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of`
		3992	`> ### windows()`
		3993	`> ### Aliases: windows.options`
		3994	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	3995	`>`
75104	maechler	3996	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	3997	`> ## Not run:`
75104	maechler	3998	`> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults`
		3999	`> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),`
		4000	`> ##D function(...)`
		4001	`> ##D grDevices::windows.options(width = 8, height = 6,`
		4002	`> ##D xpos = 0, pointsize = 10,`
		4003	`> ##D bitmap.aa.win = "cleartype"))`
		4004	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	4005	`>`
		4006	`>`
75104	maechler	4007	`> cleanEx()`
		4008	`> nameEx("windowsFonts")`
		4009	`> ### * windowsFonts`
82717	ripley	4010	`>`
75104	maechler	4011	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	4012	`>`
75104	maechler	4013	`> ### Name: windowsFonts`
		4014	`> ### Title: Windows Fonts`
		4015	`> ### Aliases: windowsFont windowsFonts`
		4016	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	4017	`>`
75104	maechler	4018	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	4019	`>`
		4020	`>`
75104	maechler	4021	`> cleanEx()`
		4022	`> nameEx("x11")`
		4023	`> ### * x11`
82717	ripley	4024	`>`
75104	maechler	4025	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	4026	`>`
75104	maechler	4027	`> ### Name: x11`
		4028	`> ### Title: X Window System Graphics (X11)`
		4029	`> ### Aliases: x11 X11 X11.options`
		4030	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	4031	`>`
75104	maechler	4032	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	4033	`> ## Not run:`
75104	maechler	4034	`> ##D if(.Platform$OS.type == "unix") { # Only on unix-alikes, possibly Mac,`
		4035	`> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults`
		4036	`> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),`
		4037	`> ##D function(...) grDevices::X11.options(width = 8, height = 6, xpos = 0,`
		4038	`> ##D pointsize = 10))`
		4039	`> ##D }`
		4040	`> ## End(Not run)`
82717	ripley	4041	`>`
		4042	`>`
75104	maechler	4043	`> cleanEx()`
		4044	`> nameEx("x11Fonts")`
		4045	`> ### * x11Fonts`
82717	ripley	4046	`>`
75104	maechler	4047	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	4048	`>`
75104	maechler	4049	`> ### Name: X11Fonts`
		4050	`> ### Title: X11 Fonts`
		4051	`> ### Aliases: X11Font X11Fonts`
		4052	`> ### Keywords: device`
82717	ripley	4053	`>`
75104	maechler	4054	`> ### ** Examples`
75266	ripley	4055	`> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_BEGIN`
85990	smeyer	4056	`> if(capabilities("X11")) withAutoprint({`
75124	ripley	4057	`+ X11Fonts()`
		4058	`+ X11Fonts("mono")`
		4059	`+ utopia <- X11Font("--utopia------------*")`
		4060	`+ X11Fonts(utopia = utopia)`
		4061	`+ })`
82717	ripley	4062	`> X11Fonts()`
		4063	`$serif`
		4064	`[1] "--times-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		4065
		4066	`$sans`
		4067	`[1] "--helvetica-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		4068
		4069	`$mono`
		4070	`[1] "--courier-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		4071
		4072	`$Times`
		4073	`[1] "-adobe-times-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		4074
		4075	`$Helvetica`
		4076	`[1] "-adobe-helvetica-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		4077
		4078	`$CyrTimes`
		4079	`[1] "-cronyx-times-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		4080
		4081	`$CyrHelvetica`
		4082	`[1] "-cronyx-helvetica-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		4083
		4084	`$Arial`
		4085	`[1] "-monotype-arial-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		4086
		4087	`$Mincho`
		4088	`[1] "--mincho-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		4089
		4090	`> X11Fonts("mono")`
		4091	`$mono`
		4092	`[1] "--courier-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		4093
		4094	`> utopia <- X11Font("--utopia------------*")`
		4095	`> X11Fonts(utopia = utopia)`
75266	ripley	4096	`> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_END`
82717	ripley	4097	`>`
		4098	`>`
75104	maechler	4099	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	4100	`> nameEx("xy.coords")`
		4101	`> ### * xy.coords`
82717	ripley	4102	`>`
56186	murdoch	4103	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	4104	`>`
56186	murdoch	4105	`> ### Name: xy.coords`
		4106	`> ### Title: Extracting Plotting Structures`
		4107	`> ### Aliases: xy.coords`
		4108	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	4109	`>`
56186	murdoch	4110	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	4111	`>`
70533	maechler	4112	`> ff <- stats::fft(1:9)`
		4113	`> xy.coords(ff)`
56186	murdoch	4114	`$x`
		4115	`[1] 45.0 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5`
		4116
		4117	`$y`
		4118	`[1] 0.0000000 12.3636484 5.3628912 2.5980762 0.7934714 -0.7934714`
		4119	`[7] -2.5980762 -5.3628912 -12.3636484`
		4120
		4121	`$xlab`
		4122	`[1] "Re()"`
		4123
		4124	`$ylab`
		4125	`[1] "Im()"`
		4126
70533	maechler	4127	`> xy.coords(ff, xlab = "fft") # labels "Re(fft)", "Im(fft)"`
		4128	`$x`
		4129	`[1] 45.0 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5`
		4130
		4131	`$y`
		4132	`[1] 0.0000000 12.3636484 5.3628912 2.5980762 0.7934714 -0.7934714`
		4133	`[7] -2.5980762 -5.3628912 -12.3636484`
		4134
		4135	`$xlab`
		4136	`[1] "Re(fft)"`
		4137
		4138	`$ylab`
		4139	`[1] "Im(fft)"`
		4140
82717	ripley	4141	`> ## Don't show:`
70533	maechler	4142	`> stopifnot(identical(xy.coords(ff, xlab = "fft"),`
		4143	`+ xy.coords(ff, ylab = "fft")))`
		4144	`> xy.labs <- function(...) xy.coords(...)[c("xlab","ylab")]`
		4145	`> stopifnot(identical(xy.labs(ff, xlab = "fft", setLab = FALSE),`
		4146	`+ list(xlab = "fft", ylab = "fft")),`
		4147	`+ identical(xy.labs(ff, ylab = "fft", setLab = FALSE),`
		4148	`+ list(xlab = NULL, ylab = "fft")),`
		4149	`+ identical(xy.labs(ff, xlab = "Re(fft)", ylab = "Im(fft)", setLab = FALSE),`
		4150	`+ list(xlab = "Re(fft)", ylab = "Im(fft)")))`
		4151	`> ## End(Don't show)`
56186	murdoch	4152	`> with(cars, xy.coords(dist ~ speed, NULL)$xlab ) # = "speed"`
		4153	`[1] "speed"`
82717	ripley	4154	`>`
70533	maechler	4155	`> xy.coords(1:3, 1:2, recycle = TRUE) # otherwise error "lengths differ"`
56186	murdoch	4156	`$x`
		4157	`[1] 1 2 3`
		4158
		4159	`$y`
		4160	`[1] 1 2 1`
		4161
		4162	`$xlab`
		4163	`NULL`
		4164
		4165	`$ylab`
		4166	`NULL`
		4167
70533	maechler	4168	`> xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y")`
82505	maechler	4169	`Warning in xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y") :`
		4170	`3 y values <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot`
56186	murdoch	4171	`$x`
		4172	`[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13`
		4173
		4174	`$y`
		4175	`[1] NA NA NA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10`
		4176
		4177	`$xlab`
		4178	`[1] "Index"`
		4179
		4180	`$ylab`
		4181	`NULL`
		4182
70533	maechler	4183	`> ##> xlab: "Index" \\ warning: 3 y values <= 0 omitted ..`
83077	ripley	4184	`> op <- options(warn = 2)# ==> warnings would be errors, we suppress the one "we know":`
82499	maechler	4185	`> suppressWarnings(xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y"), classes="log_le_0") -> xy`
		4186	`> options(op) # revert`
		4187	`> stopifnot(is.list(xy), identical (1:13 +0, xy$x),`
		4188	`+ identical(c(rep(NA, 3), 1:10 +0), xy$y))`
56186	murdoch	4189	`>`
		4190	`>`
		4191	`>`
		4192	`> cleanEx()`
		4193	`> nameEx("xyTable")`
		4194	`> ### * xyTable`
82717	ripley	4195	`>`
56186	murdoch	4196	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	4197	`>`
56186	murdoch	4198	`> ### Name: xyTable`
		4199	`> ### Title: Multiplicities of (x,y) Points, e.g., for a Sunflower Plot`
		4200	`> ### Aliases: xyTable`
		4201	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	4202	`>`
56186	murdoch	4203	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	4204	`>`
61169	ripley	4205	`> xyTable(iris[, 3:4], digits = 6)`
56186	murdoch	4206	`$x`
		4207	`[1] 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7`
		4208	`[19] 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1`
		4209	`[37] 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7`
		4210	`[55] 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2`
		4211	`[73] 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9`
		4212	`[91] 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.9`
		4213
		4214	`$y`
		4215	`[1] 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.3`
		4216	`[19] 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3`
		4217	`[37] 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6`
		4218	`[55] 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3`
		4219	`[73] 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1`
		4220	`[91] 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3`
		4221
		4222	`$number`
		4223	`[1] 1 1 2 4 2 1 2 8 3 2 7 1 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1`
		4224	`[38] 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1`
		4225	`[75] 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1`
		4226
82717	ripley	4227	`>`
87144	murrell	4228	`> ## If missing coordinates exist, they are also counted`
		4229	`> iris2 <- iris[1:10, 3:4]`
		4230	`> iris2[4, 2] <- NA`
		4231	`> iris2[c(3, 5), ] <- NA`
		4232	`> xyTable(iris2)`
		4233	`$x`
		4234	`[1] 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 NA`
		4235
		4236	`$y`
		4237	`[1] 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 NA 0.4 NA`
		4238
		4239	`$number`
		4240	`[1] 3 1 1 1 1 1 2`
		4241
		4242	`>`
56186	murdoch	4243	`> ## Discretized uncorrelated Gaussian:`
82717	ripley	4244	`> ## Don't show:`
56186	murdoch	4245	`> set.seed(1)`
66943	maechler	4246	`> ## End(Don't show)`
84327	ripley	4247	`> xy <- data.frame(x = round(sort(stats::rnorm(100))), y = stats::rnorm(100))`
56186	murdoch	4248	`> xyTable(xy, digits = 1)`
		4249	`$x`
		4250	`[1] -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0`
		4251	`[26] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1`
		4252	`[51] 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2`
		4253
		4254	`$y`
		4255	`[1] -0.90 -0.60 0.04 0.20 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.40`
		4256	`[13] 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.00 2.00 -2.00 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50`
		4257	`[25] -0.30 -0.20 -0.07 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.02 0.06 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70`
		4258	`[37] 0.90 1.00 2.00 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 -0.08`
		4259	`[49] -0.03 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.50 0.80 1.00 2.00 -1.00 -0.40 0.40 1.00`
		4260
		4261	`$number`
		4262	`[1] 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3`
		4263	`[39] 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 3 1 1 1`
		4264
82717	ripley	4265	`>`
		4266	`>`
		4267	`>`
56186	murdoch	4268	`> cleanEx()`
		4269	`> nameEx("xyz.coords")`
		4270	`> ### * xyz.coords`
82717	ripley	4271	`>`
56186	murdoch	4272	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
82717	ripley	4273	`>`
56186	murdoch	4274	`> ### Name: xyz.coords`
		4275	`> ### Title: Extracting Plotting Structures`
		4276	`> ### Aliases: xyz.coords`
		4277	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
82717	ripley	4278	`>`
56186	murdoch	4279	`> ### ** Examples`
82717	ripley	4280	`>`
56186	murdoch	4281	`> xyz.coords(data.frame(10*1:9, -4), y = NULL, z = NULL)`
		4282	`$x`
		4283	`[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9`
		4284
		4285	`$y`
		4286	`[1] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90`
		4287
		4288	`$z`
		4289	`[1] -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4`
		4290
		4291	`$xlab`
		4292	`[1] "Index"`
		4293
		4294	`$ylab`
		4295	`NULL`
		4296
		4297	`$zlab`
		4298	`NULL`
		4299
82717	ripley	4300	`>`
56186	murdoch	4301	`> xyz.coords(1:5, stats::fft(1:5), z = NULL, xlab = "X", ylab = "Y")`
		4302	`$x`
		4303	`[1] 15.0 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5`
		4304
		4305	`$y`
		4306	`[1] 0.0000000 3.4409548 0.8122992 -0.8122992 -3.4409548`
		4307
		4308	`$z`
		4309	`[1] 1 2 3 4 5`
		4310
		4311	`$xlab`
		4312	`[1] "Re(Y)"`
		4313
		4314	`$ylab`
		4315	`[1] "Im(Y)"`
		4316
		4317	`$zlab`
		4318	`[1] "X"`
		4319
82717	ripley	4320	`>`
56186	murdoch	4321	`> y <- 2 * (x2 <- 10 + (x1 <- 1:10))`
		4322	`> xyz.coords(y ~ x1 + x2, y = NULL, z = NULL)`
		4323	`$x`
		4324	`[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10`
		4325
		4326	`$y`
		4327	`[1] 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20`
		4328
		4329	`$z`
		4330	`[1] 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40`
		4331
		4332	`$xlab`
		4333	`[1] "x1"`
		4334
		4335	`$ylab`
		4336	`[1] "x2"`
		4337
		4338	`$zlab`
		4339	`[1] "y"`
		4340
82717	ripley	4341	`>`
56186	murdoch	4342	`> xyz.coords(data.frame(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13), y = NULL, z = NULL,`
		4343	`+ log = "xy")`
82505	maechler	4344	`Warning in xyz.coords(data.frame(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13), y = NULL, :`
		4345	`2 x values <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot`
56186	murdoch	4346	`$x`
		4347	`[1] NA NA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9`
		4348
		4349	`$y`
		4350	`[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12`
		4351
		4352	`$z`
		4353	`[1] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13`
		4354
		4355	`$xlab`
		4356	`[1] "x"`
		4357
		4358	`$ylab`
		4359	`[1] "y"`
		4360
		4361	`$zlab`
		4362	`[1] "z"`
		4363
		4364	`> ##> Warning message: 2 x values <= 0 omitted ...`
82499	maechler	4365	`> ## Suppress this specific warning:`
		4366	`> suppressWarnings(xyz.coords(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13, log = "xy"),`
		4367	`+ classes = "log_le_0")`
		4368	`$x`
		4369	`[1] NA NA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9`
		4370
		4371	`$y`
		4372	`[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12`
		4373
		4374	`$z`
		4375	`[1] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13`
		4376
		4377	`$xlab`
		4378	`NULL`
		4379
		4380	`$ylab`
		4381	`NULL`
		4382
		4383	`$zlab`
		4384	`NULL`
		4385
56186	murdoch	4386	`>`
		4387	`>`
		4388	`>`
		4389	`> ### * <FOOTER>`
		4390	`> ###`
73819	hornik	4391	`> cleanEx()`
62439	ripley	4392	`> options(digits = 7L)`
61787	ripley	4393	`> base::cat("Time elapsed: ", proc.time() - base::get("ptime", pos = 'CheckExEnv'),"\n")`
88293	murrell	4394	`Time elapsed: 35.674 0.408 36.103 0 0`
56186	murdoch	4395	`> grDevices::dev.off()`
82717	ripley	4396	`null device`
		4397	`1`
56186	murdoch	4398	`> ###`
		4399	`> ### Local variables: ***`
		4400	`> ### mode: outline-minor ***`
		4401	`> ### outline-regexp: "\$> \$?### []+" **`
		4402	`> ### End: ***`
		4403	`> quit('no')`

The R Project SVN R

(root)/trunk/tests/Examples/grDevices-Ex.Rout.save @ 77458 – Rev 90298