The R Project SVN – R – Blame – /trunk/tests/Examples/grDevices-Ex.Rout.save

Rev	Author	Line No.	Line
56186	murdoch	1
63202	ripley	2	`R Under development (unstable) (2013-07-06 r63201) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"`
61787	ripley	3	`Copyright (C) 2013 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing`
58212	ripley	4	`Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)`
56186	murdoch	5
		6	`R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.`
		7	`You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.`
		8	`Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.`
		9
		10	`Natural language support but running in an English locale`
		11
		12	`R is a collaborative project with many contributors.`
		13	`Type 'contributors()' for more information and`
		14	`'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.`
		15
		16	`Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or`
		17	`'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.`
		18	`Type 'q()' to quit R.`
		19
		20	`> pkgname <- "grDevices"`
		21	`> source(file.path(R.home("share"), "R", "examples-header.R"))`
		22	`> options(warn = 1)`
		23	`> library('grDevices')`
		24	`>`
61787	ripley	25	`> base::assign(".oldSearch", base::search(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')`
56186	murdoch	26	`> cleanEx()`
		27	`> nameEx("Devices")`
		28	`> ### * Devices`
		29	`>`
		30	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		31	`>`
		32	`> ### Name: Devices`
		33	`> ### Title: List of Graphical Devices`
		34	`> ### Aliases: Devices device`
		35	`> ### Keywords: device`
		36	`>`
		37	`> ### ** Examples`
		38	`> ## Not run:`
		39	`> ##D ## open the default screen device on this platform if no device is`
		40	`> ##D ## open`
		41	`> ##D if(dev.cur() == 1) dev.new()`
		42	`> ## End(Not run)`
		43	`>`
		44	`>`
		45	`> cleanEx()`
		46	`> nameEx("Hershey")`
		47	`> ### * Hershey`
		48	`>`
		49	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		50	`>`
		51	`> ### Name: Hershey`
		52	`> ### Title: Hershey Vector Fonts in R`
		53	`> ### Aliases: Hershey`
		54	`> ### Keywords: aplot`
		55	`>`
		56	`> ### ** Examples`
		57	`>`
		58	`> Hershey`
		59	`$typeface`
		60	`[1] "serif" "sans serif" "script"`
		61	`[4] "gothic english" "gothic german" "gothic italian"`
		62	`[7] "serif symbol" "sans serif symbol"`
		63
		64	`$fontindex`
		65	`[1] "plain" "italic" "bold" "bold italic"`
		66	`[5] "cyrillic" "oblique cyrillic" "EUC"`
		67
		68	`$allowed`
		69	`[,1] [,2]`
		70	`[1,] 1 1`
		71	`[2,] 1 2`
		72	`[3,] 1 3`
		73	`[4,] 1 4`
		74	`[5,] 1 5`
		75	`[6,] 1 6`
		76	`[7,] 1 7`
		77	`[8,] 2 1`
		78	`[9,] 2 2`
		79	`[10,] 2 3`
		80	`[11,] 2 4`
		81	`[12,] 3 1`
		82	`[13,] 3 2`
		83	`[14,] 3 3`
		84	`[15,] 4 1`
		85	`[16,] 5 1`
		86	`[17,] 6 1`
		87	`[18,] 7 1`
		88	`[19,] 7 2`
		89	`[20,] 7 3`
		90	`[21,] 7 4`
		91	`[22,] 8 1`
		92	`[23,] 8 2`
		93
		94	`>`
		95	`> ## for tables of examples, see demo(Hershey)`
		96	`>`
		97	`>`
		98	`>`
		99	`> cleanEx()`
		100	`> nameEx("Japanese")`
		101	`> ### * Japanese`
		102	`>`
		103	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		104	`>`
		105	`> ### Name: Japanese`
		106	`> ### Title: Japanese characters in R`
		107	`> ### Aliases: Japanese`
		108	`> ### Keywords: aplot`
		109	`>`
		110	`> ### ** Examples`
		111	`>`
		112	`> require(graphics)`
		113	`>`
61157	ripley	114	`> plot(1:9, type = "n", axes = FALSE, frame = TRUE, ylab = "",`
		115	`+ main = "example(Japanese)", xlab = "using Hershey fonts")`
		116	`> par(cex = 3)`
56186	murdoch	117	`> Vf <- c("serif", "plain")`
62738	murdoch	118	`> text(4, 2, "\\#J244b\\#J245b\\#J2473", vfont = Vf)`
		119	`> text(4, 4, "\\#J2538\\#J2563\\#J2551\\#J2573", vfont = Vf)`
56186	murdoch	120	`> text(4, 6, "\\#J467c\\#J4b5c", vfont = Vf)`
		121	`> text(4, 8, "Japan", vfont = Vf)`
61157	ripley	122	`> par(cex = 1)`
56186	murdoch	123	`> text(8, 2, "Hiragana")`
		124	`> text(8, 4, "Katakana")`
		125	`> text(8, 6, "Kanji")`
		126	`> text(8, 8, "English")`
		127	`>`
		128	`>`
		129	`>`
		130	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		131	`> cleanEx()`
		132	`> nameEx("Type1Font")`
		133	`> ### * Type1Font`
		134	`>`
		135	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		136	`>`
		137	`> ### Name: Type1Font`
		138	`> ### Title: Type 1 and CID Fonts`
		139	`> ### Aliases: Type1Font CIDFont`
		140	`> ### Keywords: device`
		141	`>`
		142	`> ### ** Examples`
		143	`>`
		144	`> ## This duplicates "ComputerModernItalic".`
		145	`> CMitalic <- Type1Font("ComputerModern2",`
		146	`+ c("CM_regular_10.afm", "CM_boldx_10.afm",`
		147	`+ "cmti10.afm", "cmbxti10.afm",`
		148	`+ "CM_symbol_10.afm"),`
		149	`+ encoding = "TeXtext.enc")`
		150	`>`
		151	`> ## Not run:`
		152	`> ##D ## This could be used by`
		153	`> ##D postscript(family = CMitalic)`
		154	`> ##D ## or`
		155	`> ##D postscriptFonts(CMitalic = CMitalic) # once in a session`
		156	`> ##D postscript(family = "CMitalic", encoding = "TeXtext.enc")`
		157	`> ## End(Not run)`
		158	`>`
		159	`>`
		160	`> cleanEx()`
		161	`> nameEx("adjustcolor")`
		162	`> ### * adjustcolor`
		163	`>`
		164	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		165	`>`
		166	`> ### Name: adjustcolor`
		167	`> ### Title: Adjust Colors in One or More Directions Conveniently.`
		168	`> ### Aliases: adjustcolor`
		169	`>`
		170	`> ### ** Examples`
		171	`>`
		172	`> ## Illustrative examples :`
		173	`> opal <- palette("default")`
		174	`> stopifnot(identical(adjustcolor(1:8, 0.75),`
		175	`+ adjustcolor(palette(), 0.75)))`
		176	`> cbind(palette(), adjustcolor(1:8, 0.75))`
		177	`[,1] [,2]`
		178	`[1,] "black" "#000000BF"`
		179	`[2,] "red" "#FF0000BF"`
		180	`[3,] "green3" "#00CD00BF"`
		181	`[4,] "blue" "#0000FFBF"`
		182	`[5,] "cyan" "#00FFFFBF"`
		183	`[6,] "magenta" "#FF00FFBF"`
		184	`[7,] "yellow" "#FFFF00BF"`
		185	`[8,] "gray" "#BEBEBEBF"`
		186	`>`
		187	`> ## alpha = 1/2 * previous alpha --> opaque colors`
		188	`> x <- palette(adjustcolor(palette(), 0.5))`
		189	`>`
		190	`> sines <- outer(1:20, 1:4, function(x, y) sin(x / 20 * pi * y))`
		191	`> matplot(sines, type = "b", pch = 21:23, col = 2:5, bg = 2:5,`
		192	`+ main = "Using an 'opaque ('translucent') color palette")`
		193	`>`
61169	ripley	194	`> x. <- adjustcolor(x, offset = c(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0), # <- "more white"`
61157	ripley	195	`+ transform = diag(c(.7, .7, .7, 0.6)))`
56186	murdoch	196	`> cbind(x, x.)`
		197	`x x.`
		198	`[1,] "black" "#80808099"`
		199	`[2,] "red" "#FF808099"`
		200	`[3,] "green3" "#80FF8099"`
		201	`[4,] "blue" "#8080FF99"`
		202	`[5,] "cyan" "#80FFFF99"`
		203	`[6,] "magenta" "#FF80FF99"`
		204	`[7,] "yellow" "#FFFF8099"`
		205	`[8,] "gray" "#FFFFFF99"`
61169	ripley	206	`> op <- par(bg = adjustcolor("goldenrod", offset = -rep(.4, 4)), xpd = NA)`
		207	`> plot(0:9, 0:9, type = "n", axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "",`
61157	ripley	208	`+ main = "adjustcolor() -> translucent")`
		209	`> text(1:8, labels = paste0(x,"++"), col = x., cex = 8)`
56186	murdoch	210	`> par(op)`
		211	`>`
		212	`> ## and`
		213	`>`
61169	ripley	214	`> (M <- cbind( rbind( matrix(1/3, 3, 3), 0), c(0, 0, 0, 1)))`
56186	murdoch	215	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]`
		216	`[1,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0`
		217	`[2,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0`
		218	`[3,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0`
		219	`[4,] 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 1`
		220	`> adjustcolor(x, transform = M)`
		221	`[1] "#000000FF" "#555555FF" "#444444FF" "#555555FF" "#AAAAAAFF" "#AAAAAAFF"`
		222	`[7] "#AAAAAAFF" "#BEBEBEFF"`
		223	`>`
		224	`> ## revert to previous palette: active`
		225	`> palette(opal)`
		226	`>`
		227	`>`
		228	`>`
		229	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		230	`> cleanEx()`
		231	`> nameEx("as.raster")`
		232	`> ### * as.raster`
		233	`>`
		234	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		235	`>`
		236	`> ### Name: as.raster`
		237	`> ### Title: Create a Raster Object`
		238	`> ### Aliases: is.raster as.raster as.raster.logical as.raster.numeric`
		239	`> ### as.raster.character as.raster.matrix as.raster.array`
		240	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		241	`>`
		242	`> ### ** Examples`
		243	`>`
		244	`> # A red gradient`
		245	`> as.raster(matrix(hcl(0, 80, seq(50, 80, 10)),`
61157	ripley	246	`+ nrow = 4, ncol = 5))`
56186	murdoch	247	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]`
		248	`[1,] "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D"`
		249	`[2,] "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86"`
		250	`[3,] "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1"`
		251	`[4,] "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC"`
		252	`>`
		253	`> # Vectors are 1-column matrices ...`
		254	`> # character vectors are color names ...`
		255	`> as.raster(hcl(0, 80, seq(50, 80, 10)))`
		256	`[,1]`
		257	`[1,] "#C54E6D"`
		258	`[2,] "#E16A86"`
		259	`[3,] "#FE86A1"`
		260	`[4,] "#FFA2BC"`
		261	`> # numeric vectors are greyscale ...`
61157	ripley	262	`> as.raster(1:5, max = 5)`
56186	murdoch	263	`[,1]`
		264	`[1,] "#333333"`
		265	`[2,] "#666666"`
		266	`[3,] "#999999"`
		267	`[4,] "#CCCCCC"`
		268	`[5,] "#FFFFFF"`
		269	`> # locigal vectors are black and white ...`
		270	`> as.raster(1:10 %% 2 == 0)`
		271	`[,1]`
		272	`[1,] "#000000"`
		273	`[2,] "#FFFFFF"`
		274	`[3,] "#000000"`
		275	`[4,] "#FFFFFF"`
		276	`[5,] "#000000"`
		277	`[6,] "#FFFFFF"`
		278	`[7,] "#000000"`
		279	`[8,] "#FFFFFF"`
		280	`[9,] "#000000"`
		281	`[10,] "#FFFFFF"`
		282	`>`
		283	`> # ... unless nrow/ncol are supplied ...`
61157	ripley	284	`> as.raster(1:10 %% 2 == 0, nrow = 1)`
56186	murdoch	285	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]`
		286	`[1,] "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000"`
		287	`[,8] [,9] [,10]`
		288	`[1,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF"`
		289	`>`
		290	`> # Matrix can also be logical or numeric ...`
61157	ripley	291	`> as.raster(matrix(c(TRUE, FALSE), nrow = 3, ncol = 2))`
56186	murdoch	292	`[,1] [,2]`
		293	`[1,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000"`
		294	`[2,] "#000000" "#FFFFFF"`
		295	`[3,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000"`
61157	ripley	296	`> as.raster(matrix(1:3/4, nrow = 3, ncol = 4))`
56186	murdoch	297	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]`
		298	`[1,] "#404040" "#404040" "#404040" "#404040"`
		299	`[2,] "#808080" "#808080" "#808080" "#808080"`
		300	`[3,] "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF"`
		301	`>`
		302	`> # An array can be 3-plane numeric (R, G, B planes) ...`
		303	`> as.raster(array(c(0:1, rep(0.5, 4)), c(2, 1, 3)))`
		304	`[,1]`
		305	`[1,] "#008080"`
		306	`[2,] "#FF8080"`
		307	`>`
		308	`> # ... or 4-plane numeric (R, G, B, A planes)`
		309	`> as.raster(array(c(0:1, rep(0.5, 6)), c(2, 1, 4)))`
		310	`[,1]`
		311	`[1,] "#00808080"`
		312	`[2,] "#FF808080"`
		313	`>`
		314	`> # subsetting`
61157	ripley	315	`> r <- as.raster(matrix(colors()[1:100], ncol = 10))`
56186	murdoch	316	`> r[, 2]`
		317	`[,1]`
		318	`[1,] "aquamarine3"`
		319	`[2,] "aquamarine4"`
		320	`[3,] "azure"`
		321	`[4,] "azure1"`
		322	`[5,] "azure2"`
		323	`[6,] "azure3"`
		324	`[7,] "azure4"`
		325	`[8,] "beige"`
		326	`[9,] "bisque"`
		327	`[10,] "bisque1"`
		328	`> r[2:4, 2:5]`
		329	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]`
		330	`[1,] "aquamarine4" "bisque3" "brown" "cadetblue"`
		331	`[2,] "azure" "bisque4" "brown1" "cadetblue1"`
		332	`[3,] "azure1" "black" "brown2" "cadetblue2"`
		333	`>`
		334	`> # assigning to subset`
		335	`> r[2:4, 2:5] <- "white"`
		336	`>`
		337	`> # comparison`
		338	`> r == "white"`
		339	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]`
		340	`[1,] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		341	`[2,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		342	`[3,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		343	`[4,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		344	`[5,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		345	`[6,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		346	`[7,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		347	`[8,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		348	`[9,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		349	`[10,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE`
		350	`>`
		351	`> ## Don't show:`
		352	`> stopifnot(r[] == r,`
		353	`+ identical(r[3:5], colors()[3:5]))`
		354	`> r[2:4] <- "black"`
61169	ripley	355	`> stopifnot(identical(r[1:4, 1], as.raster(c("white", rep("black", 3)))))`
56186	murdoch	356	`> ## End Don't show`
		357	`>`
		358	`>`
		359	`>`
		360	`> cleanEx()`
57122	maechler	361	`> nameEx("axisTicks")`
		362	`> ### * axisTicks`
		363	`>`
		364	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		365	`>`
		366	`> ### Name: axisTicks`
		367	`> ### Title: Compute Pretty Axis Tick Scales`
		368	`> ### Aliases: axisTicks .axisPars`
		369	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		370	`>`
		371	`> ### ** Examples`
		372	`>`
		373	`> ##--- Demonstrating correspondence between graphics'`
		374	`> ##--- axis() and the graphics-engine agnostic axisTicks() :`
		375	`>`
		376	`> require("graphics")`
		377	`> plot(10*(0:10)); (pu <- par("usr"))`
		378	`[1] 0.6 11.4 -4.0 104.0`
		379	`> aX <- function(side, at, ...)`
62642	hornik	380	`+ axis(side, at = at, labels = FALSE, lwd.ticks = 2, col.ticks = 2,`
		381	`+ tck = 0.05, ...)`
61169	ripley	382	`> aX(1, print(xa <- axisTicks(pu[1:2], log = FALSE))) # x axis`
57122	maechler	383	`[1] 2 4 6 8 10`
61169	ripley	384	`> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = FALSE))) # y axis`
57122	maechler	385	`[1] 0 20 40 60 80 100`
		386	`>`
61157	ripley	387	`> axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = FALSE, n = 10)`
57122	maechler	388	`[1] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100`
		389	`>`
61157	ripley	390	`> plot(10*(0:10), log = "y"); (pu <- par("usr"))`
57122	maechler	391	`Warning in xy.coords(x, y, xlabel, ylabel, log) :`
		392	`1 y value <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot`
		393	`[1] 0.60 11.40 0.96 2.04`
61169	ripley	394	`> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = TRUE))) # y axis`
57122	maechler	395	`[1] 10 20 50 100`
		396	`>`
61157	ripley	397	`> plot(2^(0:9), log = "y"); (pu <- par("usr"))`
57122	maechler	398	`[1] 0.6400000 10.3600000 -0.1083708 2.8176408`
61169	ripley	399	`> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = TRUE))) # y axis`
57122	maechler	400	`[1] 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500`
		401	`>`
		402	`>`
		403	`>`
		404	`>`
		405	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		406	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	407	`> nameEx("boxplot.stats")`
		408	`> ### * boxplot.stats`
		409	`>`
		410	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		411	`>`
		412	`> ### Name: boxplot.stats`
		413	`> ### Title: Box Plot Statistics`
		414	`> ### Aliases: boxplot.stats`
		415	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		416	`>`
		417	`> ### ** Examples`
		418	`>`
		419	`> require(stats)`
		420	`> x <- c(1:100, 1000)`
		421	`> (b1 <- boxplot.stats(x))`
		422	`$stats`
		423	`[1] 1 26 51 76 100`
		424
		425	`$n`
		426	`[1] 101`
		427
		428	`$conf`
		429	`[1] 43.13921 58.86079`
		430
		431	`$out`
		432	`[1] 1000`
		433
61157	ripley	434	`> (b2 <- boxplot.stats(x, do.conf = FALSE, do.out = FALSE))`
56186	murdoch	435	`$stats`
		436	`[1] 1 26 51 76 100`
		437
		438	`$n`
		439	`[1] 101`
		440
		441	`$conf`
		442	`NULL`
		443
		444	`$out`
		445	`numeric(0)`
		446
61157	ripley	447	`> stopifnot(b1 $ stats == b2 $ stats) # do.out = FALSE is still robust`
		448	`> boxplot.stats(x, coef = 3, do.conf = FALSE)`
56186	murdoch	449	`$stats`
		450	`[1] 1 26 51 76 100`
		451
		452	`$n`
		453	`[1] 101`
		454
		455	`$conf`
		456	`NULL`
		457
		458	`$out`
		459	`[1] 1000`
		460
		461	`> ## no outlier treatment:`
		462	`> boxplot.stats(x, coef = 0)`
		463	`$stats`
		464	`[1] 1 26 51 76 1000`
		465
		466	`$n`
		467	`[1] 101`
		468
		469	`$conf`
		470	`[1] 43.13921 58.86079`
		471
		472	`$out`
		473	`numeric(0)`
		474
		475	`>`
		476	`> boxplot.stats(c(x, NA)) # slight change : n is 101`
		477	`$stats`
		478	`[1] 1 26 51 76 100`
		479
		480	`$n`
		481	`[1] 101`
		482
		483	`$conf`
		484	`[1] 43.13921 58.86079`
		485
		486	`$out`
		487	`[1] 1000`
		488
		489	`> (r <- boxplot.stats(c(x, -1:1/0)))`
		490	`$stats`
		491	`[1] 1.0 25.5 51.0 76.5 100.0`
		492
		493	`$n`
		494	`[1] 103`
		495
		496	`$conf`
		497	`[1] 43.06022 58.93978`
		498
		499	`$out`
		500	`[1] 1000 -Inf Inf`
		501
		502	`> stopifnot(r$out == c(1000, -Inf, Inf))`
		503	`>`
		504	`> ## Don't show:`
		505	`> ## Difference between quartiles and hinges :`
		506	`> nn <- 1:17 ; n4 <- nn %% 4`
		507	`> hin <- sapply(sapply(nn, seq), function(x) boxplot.stats(x)$stats[c(2,4)])`
		508	`> q13 <- sapply(sapply(nn, seq), quantile, probs = c(1,3)/4, names = FALSE)`
		509	`> m <- t(rbind(q13,hin))[, c(1,3,2,4)]`
		510	`> dimnames(m) <- list(paste(nn), c("q1","lH", "q3","uH"))`
61169	ripley	511	`> stopifnot(m[n4 == 1, 1:2] == (nn[n4 == 1] + 3)/4, # quart. = hinge`
61157	ripley	512	`+ m[n4 == 1, 3:4] == (3*nn[n4 == 1] + 1)/4,`
56186	murdoch	513	`+ m[,"lH"] == ( (nn+3) %/% 2) / 2,`
		514	`+ m[,"uH"] == ((3*nn+2)%/% 2) / 2)`
		515	`> cm <- noquote(format(m))`
		516	`> cm[m[,2] == m[,1], 2] <- " = "`
		517	`> cm[m[,4] == m[,3], 4] <- " = "`
		518	`> cm`
		519	`q1 lH q3 uH`
		520	`1 1.00 = 1.00 =`
		521	`2 1.25 1.00 1.75 2.00`
		522	`3 1.50 = 2.50 =`
		523	`4 1.75 1.50 3.25 3.50`
		524	`5 2.00 = 4.00 =`
		525	`6 2.25 2.00 4.75 5.00`
		526	`7 2.50 = 5.50 =`
		527	`8 2.75 2.50 6.25 6.50`
		528	`9 3.00 = 7.00 =`
		529	`10 3.25 3.00 7.75 8.00`
		530	`11 3.50 = 8.50 =`
		531	`12 3.75 3.50 9.25 9.50`
		532	`13 4.00 = 10.00 =`
		533	`14 4.25 4.00 10.75 11.00`
		534	`15 4.50 = 11.50 =`
		535	`16 4.75 4.50 12.25 12.50`
		536	`17 5.00 = 13.00 =`
		537	`> ## End Don't show`
		538	`>`
		539	`>`
		540	`>`
		541	`>`
		542	`> cleanEx()`
		543	`> nameEx("check.options")`
		544	`> ### * check.options`
		545	`>`
		546	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		547	`>`
		548	`> ### Name: check.options`
		549	`> ### Title: Set Options with Consistency Checks`
		550	`> ### Aliases: check.options`
		551	`> ### Keywords: utilities programming`
		552	`>`
		553	`> ### ** Examples`
		554	`>`
61157	ripley	555	`> (L1 <- list(a = 1:3, b = pi, ch = "CH"))`
56186	murdoch	556	`$a`
		557	`[1] 1 2 3`
		558
		559	`$b`
		560	`[1] 3.141593`
		561
		562	`$ch`
		563	`[1] "CH"`
		564
61157	ripley	565	`> check.options(list(a = 0:2), name.opt = "L1")`
56186	murdoch	566	`$a`
		567	`[1] 0 1 2`
		568
		569	`$b`
		570	`[1] 3.141593`
		571
		572	`$ch`
		573	`[1] "CH"`
		574
		575	`> check.options(NULL, reset = TRUE, name.opt = "L1")`
		576	`$a`
		577	`[1] 1 2 3`
		578
		579	`$b`
		580	`[1] 3.141593`
		581
		582	`$ch`
		583	`[1] "CH"`
		584
		585	`>`
		586	`>`
		587	`>`
		588	`> cleanEx()`
		589	`> nameEx("chull")`
		590	`> ### * chull`
		591	`>`
		592	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		593	`>`
		594	`> ### Name: chull`
		595	`> ### Title: Compute Convex Hull of a Set of Points`
		596	`> ### Aliases: chull`
		597	`> ### Keywords: graphs`
		598	`>`
		599	`> ### ** Examples`
		600	`>`
62213	ripley	601	`> X <- matrix(stats::rnorm(2000), ncol = 2)`
56186	murdoch	602	`> chull(X)`
		603	`[1] 61 442 165 899 697 446 975 656 232 557 938 295 495`
		604	`> ## Not run:`
		605	`> ##D # Example usage from graphics package`
		606	`> ##D plot(X, cex = 0.5)`
		607	`> ##D hpts <- chull(X)`
		608	`> ##D hpts <- c(hpts, hpts[1])`
		609	`> ##D lines(X[hpts, ])`
		610	`> ## End(Not run)`
		611	`>`
		612	`>`
		613	`>`
		614	`> cleanEx()`
		615	`> nameEx("cm")`
		616	`> ### * cm`
		617	`>`
		618	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		619	`>`
		620	`> ### Name: cm`
		621	`> ### Title: Unit Transformation`
		622	`> ### Aliases: cm`
		623	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		624	`>`
		625	`> ### ** Examples`
		626	`>`
61169	ripley	627	`> cm(1) # = 2.54`
56186	murdoch	628	`[1] 2.54`
		629	`>`
		630	`> ## Translate from cm to inches:`
		631	`>`
		632	`> 10 / cm(1) # -> 10cm are 3.937 inches`
		633	`[1] 3.937008`
		634	`>`
		635	`>`
		636	`>`
		637	`> cleanEx()`
		638	`> nameEx("col2rgb")`
		639	`> ### * col2rgb`
		640	`>`
		641	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		642	`>`
		643	`> ### Name: col2rgb`
		644	`> ### Title: Color to RGB Conversion`
		645	`> ### Aliases: col2rgb`
		646	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
		647	`>`
		648	`> ### ** Examples`
		649	`>`
		650	`> col2rgb("peachpuff")`
		651	`[,1]`
		652	`red 255`
		653	`green 218`
		654	`blue 185`
61255	ripley	655	`> col2rgb(c(blu = "royalblue", reddish = "tomato")) # note: colnames`
56186	murdoch	656	`blu reddish`
		657	`red 65 255`
		658	`green 105 99`
		659	`blue 225 71`
		660	`>`
61255	ripley	661	`> col2rgb(1:8) # the ones from the palette() (if the default)`
56186	murdoch	662	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8]`
		663	`red 0 255 0 0 0 255 255 190`
		664	`green 0 0 205 0 255 0 255 190`
		665	`blue 0 0 0 255 255 255 0 190`
		666	`>`
61157	ripley	667	`> col2rgb(paste0("gold", 1:4))`
56186	murdoch	668	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]`
		669	`red 255 238 205 139`
		670	`green 215 201 173 117`
		671	`blue 0 0 0 0`
		672	`>`
		673	`> col2rgb("#08a0ff")`
		674	`[,1]`
		675	`red 8`
		676	`green 160`
		677	`blue 255`
61300	ripley	678	`> ## all three kinds of color specifications:`
		679	`> col2rgb(c(red = "red", hex = "#abcdef"))`
		680	`red hex`
		681	`red 255 171`
		682	`green 0 205`
		683	`blue 0 239`
		684	`> col2rgb(c(palette = 1:3))`
		685	`palette1 palette2 palette3`
		686	`red 0 255 0`
		687	`green 0 0 205`
		688	`blue 0 0 0`
56186	murdoch	689	`>`
		690	`> ##-- NON-INTRODUCTORY examples --`
		691	`>`
61157	ripley	692	`> grC <- col2rgb(paste0("gray", 0:100))`
61169	ripley	693	`> table(print(diff(grC["red",]))) # '2' or '3': almost equidistant`
56186	murdoch	694	`[1] 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2`
		695	`[38] 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3`
		696	`[75] 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3`
		697
		698	`2 3`
		699	`45 55`
		700	`> ## The 'named' grays are in between {"slate gray" is not gray, strictly}`
61157	ripley	701	`> col2rgb(c(g66 = "gray66", darkg = "dark gray", g67 = "gray67",`
		702	`+ g74 = "gray74", gray = "gray", g75 = "gray75",`
		703	`+ g82 = "gray82", light = "light gray", g83 = "gray83"))`
56186	murdoch	704	`g66 darkg g67 g74 gray g75 g82 light g83`
		705	`red 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212`
		706	`green 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212`
		707	`blue 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212`
		708	`>`
		709	`> crgb <- col2rgb(cc <- colors())`
		710	`> colnames(crgb) <- cc`
61169	ripley	711	`> t(crgb) # The whole table`
56186	murdoch	712	`red green blue`
		713	`white 255 255 255`
		714	`aliceblue 240 248 255`
		715	`antiquewhite 250 235 215`
		716	`antiquewhite1 255 239 219`
		717	`antiquewhite2 238 223 204`
		718	`antiquewhite3 205 192 176`
		719	`antiquewhite4 139 131 120`
		720	`aquamarine 127 255 212`
		721	`aquamarine1 127 255 212`
		722	`aquamarine2 118 238 198`
		723	`aquamarine3 102 205 170`
		724	`aquamarine4 69 139 116`
		725	`azure 240 255 255`
		726	`azure1 240 255 255`
		727	`azure2 224 238 238`
		728	`azure3 193 205 205`
		729	`azure4 131 139 139`
		730	`beige 245 245 220`
		731	`bisque 255 228 196`
		732	`bisque1 255 228 196`
		733	`bisque2 238 213 183`
		734	`bisque3 205 183 158`
		735	`bisque4 139 125 107`
		736	`black 0 0 0`
		737	`blanchedalmond 255 235 205`
		738	`blue 0 0 255`
		739	`blue1 0 0 255`
		740	`blue2 0 0 238`
		741	`blue3 0 0 205`
		742	`blue4 0 0 139`
		743	`blueviolet 138 43 226`
		744	`brown 165 42 42`
		745	`brown1 255 64 64`
		746	`brown2 238 59 59`
		747	`brown3 205 51 51`
		748	`brown4 139 35 35`
		749	`burlywood 222 184 135`
		750	`burlywood1 255 211 155`
		751	`burlywood2 238 197 145`
		752	`burlywood3 205 170 125`
		753	`burlywood4 139 115 85`
		754	`cadetblue 95 158 160`
		755	`cadetblue1 152 245 255`
		756	`cadetblue2 142 229 238`
		757	`cadetblue3 122 197 205`
		758	`cadetblue4 83 134 139`
		759	`chartreuse 127 255 0`
		760	`chartreuse1 127 255 0`
		761	`chartreuse2 118 238 0`
		762	`chartreuse3 102 205 0`
		763	`chartreuse4 69 139 0`
		764	`chocolate 210 105 30`
		765	`chocolate1 255 127 36`
		766	`chocolate2 238 118 33`
		767	`chocolate3 205 102 29`
		768	`chocolate4 139 69 19`
		769	`coral 255 127 80`
		770	`coral1 255 114 86`
		771	`coral2 238 106 80`
		772	`coral3 205 91 69`
		773	`coral4 139 62 47`
		774	`cornflowerblue 100 149 237`
		775	`cornsilk 255 248 220`
		776	`cornsilk1 255 248 220`
		777	`cornsilk2 238 232 205`
		778	`cornsilk3 205 200 177`
		779	`cornsilk4 139 136 120`
		780	`cyan 0 255 255`
		781	`cyan1 0 255 255`
		782	`cyan2 0 238 238`
		783	`cyan3 0 205 205`
		784	`cyan4 0 139 139`
		785	`darkblue 0 0 139`
		786	`darkcyan 0 139 139`
		787	`darkgoldenrod 184 134 11`
		788	`darkgoldenrod1 255 185 15`
		789	`darkgoldenrod2 238 173 14`
		790	`darkgoldenrod3 205 149 12`
		791	`darkgoldenrod4 139 101 8`
		792	`darkgray 169 169 169`
		793	`darkgreen 0 100 0`
		794	`darkgrey 169 169 169`
		795	`darkkhaki 189 183 107`
		796	`darkmagenta 139 0 139`
		797	`darkolivegreen 85 107 47`
		798	`darkolivegreen1 202 255 112`
		799	`darkolivegreen2 188 238 104`
		800	`darkolivegreen3 162 205 90`
		801	`darkolivegreen4 110 139 61`
		802	`darkorange 255 140 0`
		803	`darkorange1 255 127 0`
		804	`darkorange2 238 118 0`
		805	`darkorange3 205 102 0`
		806	`darkorange4 139 69 0`
		807	`darkorchid 153 50 204`
		808	`darkorchid1 191 62 255`
		809	`darkorchid2 178 58 238`
		810	`darkorchid3 154 50 205`
		811	`darkorchid4 104 34 139`
		812	`darkred 139 0 0`
		813	`darksalmon 233 150 122`
		814	`darkseagreen 143 188 143`
		815	`darkseagreen1 193 255 193`
		816	`darkseagreen2 180 238 180`
		817	`darkseagreen3 155 205 155`
		818	`darkseagreen4 105 139 105`
		819	`darkslateblue 72 61 139`
		820	`darkslategray 47 79 79`
		821	`darkslategray1 151 255 255`
		822	`darkslategray2 141 238 238`
		823	`darkslategray3 121 205 205`
		824	`darkslategray4 82 139 139`
		825	`darkslategrey 47 79 79`
		826	`darkturquoise 0 206 209`
		827	`darkviolet 148 0 211`
		828	`deeppink 255 20 147`
		829	`deeppink1 255 20 147`
		830	`deeppink2 238 18 137`
		831	`deeppink3 205 16 118`
		832	`deeppink4 139 10 80`
		833	`deepskyblue 0 191 255`
		834	`deepskyblue1 0 191 255`
		835	`deepskyblue2 0 178 238`
		836	`deepskyblue3 0 154 205`
		837	`deepskyblue4 0 104 139`
		838	`dimgray 105 105 105`
		839	`dimgrey 105 105 105`
		840	`dodgerblue 30 144 255`
		841	`dodgerblue1 30 144 255`
		842	`dodgerblue2 28 134 238`
		843	`dodgerblue3 24 116 205`
		844	`dodgerblue4 16 78 139`
		845	`firebrick 178 34 34`
		846	`firebrick1 255 48 48`
		847	`firebrick2 238 44 44`
		848	`firebrick3 205 38 38`
		849	`firebrick4 139 26 26`
		850	`floralwhite 255 250 240`
		851	`forestgreen 34 139 34`
		852	`gainsboro 220 220 220`
		853	`ghostwhite 248 248 255`
		854	`gold 255 215 0`
		855	`gold1 255 215 0`
		856	`gold2 238 201 0`
		857	`gold3 205 173 0`
		858	`gold4 139 117 0`
		859	`goldenrod 218 165 32`
		860	`goldenrod1 255 193 37`
		861	`goldenrod2 238 180 34`
		862	`goldenrod3 205 155 29`
		863	`goldenrod4 139 105 20`
		864	`gray 190 190 190`
		865	`gray0 0 0 0`
		866	`gray1 3 3 3`
		867	`gray2 5 5 5`
		868	`gray3 8 8 8`
		869	`gray4 10 10 10`
		870	`gray5 13 13 13`
		871	`gray6 15 15 15`
		872	`gray7 18 18 18`
		873	`gray8 20 20 20`
		874	`gray9 23 23 23`
		875	`gray10 26 26 26`
		876	`gray11 28 28 28`
		877	`gray12 31 31 31`
		878	`gray13 33 33 33`
		879	`gray14 36 36 36`
		880	`gray15 38 38 38`
		881	`gray16 41 41 41`
		882	`gray17 43 43 43`
		883	`gray18 46 46 46`
		884	`gray19 48 48 48`
		885	`gray20 51 51 51`
		886	`gray21 54 54 54`
		887	`gray22 56 56 56`
		888	`gray23 59 59 59`
		889	`gray24 61 61 61`
		890	`gray25 64 64 64`
		891	`gray26 66 66 66`
		892	`gray27 69 69 69`
		893	`gray28 71 71 71`
		894	`gray29 74 74 74`
		895	`gray30 77 77 77`
		896	`gray31 79 79 79`
		897	`gray32 82 82 82`
		898	`gray33 84 84 84`
		899	`gray34 87 87 87`
		900	`gray35 89 89 89`
		901	`gray36 92 92 92`
		902	`gray37 94 94 94`
		903	`gray38 97 97 97`
		904	`gray39 99 99 99`
		905	`gray40 102 102 102`
		906	`gray41 105 105 105`
		907	`gray42 107 107 107`
		908	`gray43 110 110 110`
		909	`gray44 112 112 112`
		910	`gray45 115 115 115`
		911	`gray46 117 117 117`
		912	`gray47 120 120 120`
		913	`gray48 122 122 122`
		914	`gray49 125 125 125`
		915	`gray50 127 127 127`
		916	`gray51 130 130 130`
		917	`gray52 133 133 133`
		918	`gray53 135 135 135`
		919	`gray54 138 138 138`
		920	`gray55 140 140 140`
		921	`gray56 143 143 143`
		922	`gray57 145 145 145`
		923	`gray58 148 148 148`
		924	`gray59 150 150 150`
		925	`gray60 153 153 153`
		926	`gray61 156 156 156`
		927	`gray62 158 158 158`
		928	`gray63 161 161 161`
		929	`gray64 163 163 163`
		930	`gray65 166 166 166`
		931	`gray66 168 168 168`
		932	`gray67 171 171 171`
		933	`gray68 173 173 173`
		934	`gray69 176 176 176`
		935	`gray70 179 179 179`
		936	`gray71 181 181 181`
		937	`gray72 184 184 184`
		938	`gray73 186 186 186`
		939	`gray74 189 189 189`
		940	`gray75 191 191 191`
		941	`gray76 194 194 194`
		942	`gray77 196 196 196`
		943	`gray78 199 199 199`
		944	`gray79 201 201 201`
		945	`gray80 204 204 204`
		946	`gray81 207 207 207`
		947	`gray82 209 209 209`
		948	`gray83 212 212 212`
		949	`gray84 214 214 214`
		950	`gray85 217 217 217`
		951	`gray86 219 219 219`
		952	`gray87 222 222 222`
		953	`gray88 224 224 224`
		954	`gray89 227 227 227`
		955	`gray90 229 229 229`
		956	`gray91 232 232 232`
		957	`gray92 235 235 235`
		958	`gray93 237 237 237`
		959	`gray94 240 240 240`
		960	`gray95 242 242 242`
		961	`gray96 245 245 245`
		962	`gray97 247 247 247`
		963	`gray98 250 250 250`
		964	`gray99 252 252 252`
		965	`gray100 255 255 255`
		966	`green 0 255 0`
		967	`green1 0 255 0`
		968	`green2 0 238 0`
		969	`green3 0 205 0`
		970	`green4 0 139 0`
		971	`greenyellow 173 255 47`
		972	`grey 190 190 190`
		973	`grey0 0 0 0`
		974	`grey1 3 3 3`
		975	`grey2 5 5 5`
		976	`grey3 8 8 8`
		977	`grey4 10 10 10`
		978	`grey5 13 13 13`
		979	`grey6 15 15 15`
		980	`grey7 18 18 18`
		981	`grey8 20 20 20`
		982	`grey9 23 23 23`
		983	`grey10 26 26 26`
		984	`grey11 28 28 28`
		985	`grey12 31 31 31`
		986	`grey13 33 33 33`
		987	`grey14 36 36 36`
		988	`grey15 38 38 38`
		989	`grey16 41 41 41`
		990	`grey17 43 43 43`
		991	`grey18 46 46 46`
		992	`grey19 48 48 48`
		993	`grey20 51 51 51`
		994	`grey21 54 54 54`
		995	`grey22 56 56 56`
		996	`grey23 59 59 59`
		997	`grey24 61 61 61`
		998	`grey25 64 64 64`
		999	`grey26 66 66 66`
		1000	`grey27 69 69 69`
		1001	`grey28 71 71 71`
		1002	`grey29 74 74 74`
		1003	`grey30 77 77 77`
		1004	`grey31 79 79 79`
		1005	`grey32 82 82 82`
		1006	`grey33 84 84 84`
		1007	`grey34 87 87 87`
		1008	`grey35 89 89 89`
		1009	`grey36 92 92 92`
		1010	`grey37 94 94 94`
		1011	`grey38 97 97 97`
		1012	`grey39 99 99 99`
		1013	`grey40 102 102 102`
		1014	`grey41 105 105 105`
		1015	`grey42 107 107 107`
		1016	`grey43 110 110 110`
		1017	`grey44 112 112 112`
		1018	`grey45 115 115 115`
		1019	`grey46 117 117 117`
		1020	`grey47 120 120 120`
		1021	`grey48 122 122 122`
		1022	`grey49 125 125 125`
		1023	`grey50 127 127 127`
		1024	`grey51 130 130 130`
		1025	`grey52 133 133 133`
		1026	`grey53 135 135 135`
		1027	`grey54 138 138 138`
		1028	`grey55 140 140 140`
		1029	`grey56 143 143 143`
		1030	`grey57 145 145 145`
		1031	`grey58 148 148 148`
		1032	`grey59 150 150 150`
		1033	`grey60 153 153 153`
		1034	`grey61 156 156 156`
		1035	`grey62 158 158 158`
		1036	`grey63 161 161 161`
		1037	`grey64 163 163 163`
		1038	`grey65 166 166 166`
		1039	`grey66 168 168 168`
		1040	`grey67 171 171 171`
		1041	`grey68 173 173 173`
		1042	`grey69 176 176 176`
		1043	`grey70 179 179 179`
		1044	`grey71 181 181 181`
		1045	`grey72 184 184 184`
		1046	`grey73 186 186 186`
		1047	`grey74 189 189 189`
		1048	`grey75 191 191 191`
		1049	`grey76 194 194 194`
		1050	`grey77 196 196 196`
		1051	`grey78 199 199 199`
		1052	`grey79 201 201 201`
		1053	`grey80 204 204 204`
		1054	`grey81 207 207 207`
		1055	`grey82 209 209 209`
		1056	`grey83 212 212 212`
		1057	`grey84 214 214 214`
		1058	`grey85 217 217 217`
		1059	`grey86 219 219 219`
		1060	`grey87 222 222 222`
		1061	`grey88 224 224 224`
		1062	`grey89 227 227 227`
		1063	`grey90 229 229 229`
		1064	`grey91 232 232 232`
		1065	`grey92 235 235 235`
		1066	`grey93 237 237 237`
		1067	`grey94 240 240 240`
		1068	`grey95 242 242 242`
		1069	`grey96 245 245 245`
		1070	`grey97 247 247 247`
		1071	`grey98 250 250 250`
		1072	`grey99 252 252 252`
		1073	`grey100 255 255 255`
		1074	`honeydew 240 255 240`
		1075	`honeydew1 240 255 240`
		1076	`honeydew2 224 238 224`
		1077	`honeydew3 193 205 193`
		1078	`honeydew4 131 139 131`
		1079	`hotpink 255 105 180`
		1080	`hotpink1 255 110 180`
		1081	`hotpink2 238 106 167`
		1082	`hotpink3 205 96 144`
		1083	`hotpink4 139 58 98`
		1084	`indianred 205 92 92`
		1085	`indianred1 255 106 106`
		1086	`indianred2 238 99 99`
		1087	`indianred3 205 85 85`
		1088	`indianred4 139 58 58`
		1089	`ivory 255 255 240`
		1090	`ivory1 255 255 240`
		1091	`ivory2 238 238 224`
		1092	`ivory3 205 205 193`
		1093	`ivory4 139 139 131`
		1094	`khaki 240 230 140`
		1095	`khaki1 255 246 143`
		1096	`khaki2 238 230 133`
		1097	`khaki3 205 198 115`
		1098	`khaki4 139 134 78`
		1099	`lavender 230 230 250`
		1100	`lavenderblush 255 240 245`
		1101	`lavenderblush1 255 240 245`
		1102	`lavenderblush2 238 224 229`
		1103	`lavenderblush3 205 193 197`
		1104	`lavenderblush4 139 131 134`
		1105	`lawngreen 124 252 0`
		1106	`lemonchiffon 255 250 205`
		1107	`lemonchiffon1 255 250 205`
		1108	`lemonchiffon2 238 233 191`
		1109	`lemonchiffon3 205 201 165`
		1110	`lemonchiffon4 139 137 112`
		1111	`lightblue 173 216 230`
		1112	`lightblue1 191 239 255`
		1113	`lightblue2 178 223 238`
		1114	`lightblue3 154 192 205`
		1115	`lightblue4 104 131 139`
		1116	`lightcoral 240 128 128`
		1117	`lightcyan 224 255 255`
		1118	`lightcyan1 224 255 255`
		1119	`lightcyan2 209 238 238`
		1120	`lightcyan3 180 205 205`
		1121	`lightcyan4 122 139 139`
		1122	`lightgoldenrod 238 221 130`
		1123	`lightgoldenrod1 255 236 139`
		1124	`lightgoldenrod2 238 220 130`
		1125	`lightgoldenrod3 205 190 112`
		1126	`lightgoldenrod4 139 129 76`
		1127	`lightgoldenrodyellow 250 250 210`
		1128	`lightgray 211 211 211`
		1129	`lightgreen 144 238 144`
		1130	`lightgrey 211 211 211`
		1131	`lightpink 255 182 193`
		1132	`lightpink1 255 174 185`
		1133	`lightpink2 238 162 173`
		1134	`lightpink3 205 140 149`
		1135	`lightpink4 139 95 101`
		1136	`lightsalmon 255 160 122`
		1137	`lightsalmon1 255 160 122`
		1138	`lightsalmon2 238 149 114`
		1139	`lightsalmon3 205 129 98`
		1140	`lightsalmon4 139 87 66`
		1141	`lightseagreen 32 178 170`
		1142	`lightskyblue 135 206 250`
		1143	`lightskyblue1 176 226 255`
		1144	`lightskyblue2 164 211 238`
		1145	`lightskyblue3 141 182 205`
		1146	`lightskyblue4 96 123 139`
		1147	`lightslateblue 132 112 255`
		1148	`lightslategray 119 136 153`
		1149	`lightslategrey 119 136 153`
		1150	`lightsteelblue 176 196 222`
		1151	`lightsteelblue1 202 225 255`
		1152	`lightsteelblue2 188 210 238`
		1153	`lightsteelblue3 162 181 205`
		1154	`lightsteelblue4 110 123 139`
		1155	`lightyellow 255 255 224`
		1156	`lightyellow1 255 255 224`
		1157	`lightyellow2 238 238 209`
		1158	`lightyellow3 205 205 180`
		1159	`lightyellow4 139 139 122`
		1160	`limegreen 50 205 50`
		1161	`linen 250 240 230`
		1162	`magenta 255 0 255`
		1163	`magenta1 255 0 255`
		1164	`magenta2 238 0 238`
		1165	`magenta3 205 0 205`
		1166	`magenta4 139 0 139`
		1167	`maroon 176 48 96`
		1168	`maroon1 255 52 179`
		1169	`maroon2 238 48 167`
		1170	`maroon3 205 41 144`
		1171	`maroon4 139 28 98`
		1172	`mediumaquamarine 102 205 170`
		1173	`mediumblue 0 0 205`
		1174	`mediumorchid 186 85 211`
		1175	`mediumorchid1 224 102 255`
		1176	`mediumorchid2 209 95 238`
		1177	`mediumorchid3 180 82 205`
		1178	`mediumorchid4 122 55 139`
		1179	`mediumpurple 147 112 219`
		1180	`mediumpurple1 171 130 255`
		1181	`mediumpurple2 159 121 238`
		1182	`mediumpurple3 137 104 205`
		1183	`mediumpurple4 93 71 139`
		1184	`mediumseagreen 60 179 113`
		1185	`mediumslateblue 123 104 238`
		1186	`mediumspringgreen 0 250 154`
		1187	`mediumturquoise 72 209 204`
		1188	`mediumvioletred 199 21 133`
		1189	`midnightblue 25 25 112`
		1190	`mintcream 245 255 250`
		1191	`mistyrose 255 228 225`
		1192	`mistyrose1 255 228 225`
		1193	`mistyrose2 238 213 210`
		1194	`mistyrose3 205 183 181`
		1195	`mistyrose4 139 125 123`
		1196	`moccasin 255 228 181`
		1197	`navajowhite 255 222 173`
		1198	`navajowhite1 255 222 173`
		1199	`navajowhite2 238 207 161`
		1200	`navajowhite3 205 179 139`
		1201	`navajowhite4 139 121 94`
		1202	`navy 0 0 128`
		1203	`navyblue 0 0 128`
		1204	`oldlace 253 245 230`
		1205	`olivedrab 107 142 35`
		1206	`olivedrab1 192 255 62`
		1207	`olivedrab2 179 238 58`
		1208	`olivedrab3 154 205 50`
		1209	`olivedrab4 105 139 34`
		1210	`orange 255 165 0`
		1211	`orange1 255 165 0`
		1212	`orange2 238 154 0`
		1213	`orange3 205 133 0`
		1214	`orange4 139 90 0`
		1215	`orangered 255 69 0`
		1216	`orangered1 255 69 0`
		1217	`orangered2 238 64 0`
		1218	`orangered3 205 55 0`
		1219	`orangered4 139 37 0`
		1220	`orchid 218 112 214`
		1221	`orchid1 255 131 250`
		1222	`orchid2 238 122 233`
		1223	`orchid3 205 105 201`
		1224	`orchid4 139 71 137`
		1225	`palegoldenrod 238 232 170`
		1226	`palegreen 152 251 152`
		1227	`palegreen1 154 255 154`
		1228	`palegreen2 144 238 144`
		1229	`palegreen3 124 205 124`
		1230	`palegreen4 84 139 84`
		1231	`paleturquoise 175 238 238`
		1232	`paleturquoise1 187 255 255`
		1233	`paleturquoise2 174 238 238`
		1234	`paleturquoise3 150 205 205`
		1235	`paleturquoise4 102 139 139`
		1236	`palevioletred 219 112 147`
		1237	`palevioletred1 255 130 171`
		1238	`palevioletred2 238 121 159`
		1239	`palevioletred3 205 104 137`
		1240	`palevioletred4 139 71 93`
		1241	`papayawhip 255 239 213`
		1242	`peachpuff 255 218 185`
		1243	`peachpuff1 255 218 185`
		1244	`peachpuff2 238 203 173`
		1245	`peachpuff3 205 175 149`
		1246	`peachpuff4 139 119 101`
		1247	`peru 205 133 63`
		1248	`pink 255 192 203`
		1249	`pink1 255 181 197`
		1250	`pink2 238 169 184`
		1251	`pink3 205 145 158`
		1252	`pink4 139 99 108`
		1253	`plum 221 160 221`
		1254	`plum1 255 187 255`
		1255	`plum2 238 174 238`
		1256	`plum3 205 150 205`
		1257	`plum4 139 102 139`
		1258	`powderblue 176 224 230`
		1259	`purple 160 32 240`
		1260	`purple1 155 48 255`
		1261	`purple2 145 44 238`
		1262	`purple3 125 38 205`
		1263	`purple4 85 26 139`
		1264	`red 255 0 0`
		1265	`red1 255 0 0`
		1266	`red2 238 0 0`
		1267	`red3 205 0 0`
		1268	`red4 139 0 0`
		1269	`rosybrown 188 143 143`
		1270	`rosybrown1 255 193 193`
		1271	`rosybrown2 238 180 180`
		1272	`rosybrown3 205 155 155`
		1273	`rosybrown4 139 105 105`
		1274	`royalblue 65 105 225`
		1275	`royalblue1 72 118 255`
		1276	`royalblue2 67 110 238`
		1277	`royalblue3 58 95 205`
		1278	`royalblue4 39 64 139`
		1279	`saddlebrown 139 69 19`
		1280	`salmon 250 128 114`
		1281	`salmon1 255 140 105`
		1282	`salmon2 238 130 98`
		1283	`salmon3 205 112 84`
		1284	`salmon4 139 76 57`
		1285	`sandybrown 244 164 96`
		1286	`seagreen 46 139 87`
		1287	`seagreen1 84 255 159`
		1288	`seagreen2 78 238 148`
		1289	`seagreen3 67 205 128`
		1290	`seagreen4 46 139 87`
		1291	`seashell 255 245 238`
		1292	`seashell1 255 245 238`
		1293	`seashell2 238 229 222`
		1294	`seashell3 205 197 191`
		1295	`seashell4 139 134 130`
		1296	`sienna 160 82 45`
		1297	`sienna1 255 130 71`
		1298	`sienna2 238 121 66`
		1299	`sienna3 205 104 57`
		1300	`sienna4 139 71 38`
		1301	`skyblue 135 206 235`
		1302	`skyblue1 135 206 255`
		1303	`skyblue2 126 192 238`
		1304	`skyblue3 108 166 205`
		1305	`skyblue4 74 112 139`
		1306	`slateblue 106 90 205`
		1307	`slateblue1 131 111 255`
		1308	`slateblue2 122 103 238`
		1309	`slateblue3 105 89 205`
		1310	`slateblue4 71 60 139`
		1311	`slategray 112 128 144`
		1312	`slategray1 198 226 255`
		1313	`slategray2 185 211 238`
		1314	`slategray3 159 182 205`
		1315	`slategray4 108 123 139`
		1316	`slategrey 112 128 144`
		1317	`snow 255 250 250`
		1318	`snow1 255 250 250`
		1319	`snow2 238 233 233`
		1320	`snow3 205 201 201`
		1321	`snow4 139 137 137`
		1322	`springgreen 0 255 127`
		1323	`springgreen1 0 255 127`
		1324	`springgreen2 0 238 118`
		1325	`springgreen3 0 205 102`
		1326	`springgreen4 0 139 69`
		1327	`steelblue 70 130 180`
		1328	`steelblue1 99 184 255`
		1329	`steelblue2 92 172 238`
		1330	`steelblue3 79 148 205`
		1331	`steelblue4 54 100 139`
		1332	`tan 210 180 140`
		1333	`tan1 255 165 79`
		1334	`tan2 238 154 73`
		1335	`tan3 205 133 63`
		1336	`tan4 139 90 43`
		1337	`thistle 216 191 216`
		1338	`thistle1 255 225 255`
		1339	`thistle2 238 210 238`
		1340	`thistle3 205 181 205`
		1341	`thistle4 139 123 139`
		1342	`tomato 255 99 71`
		1343	`tomato1 255 99 71`
		1344	`tomato2 238 92 66`
		1345	`tomato3 205 79 57`
		1346	`tomato4 139 54 38`
		1347	`turquoise 64 224 208`
		1348	`turquoise1 0 245 255`
		1349	`turquoise2 0 229 238`
		1350	`turquoise3 0 197 205`
		1351	`turquoise4 0 134 139`
		1352	`violet 238 130 238`
		1353	`violetred 208 32 144`
		1354	`violetred1 255 62 150`
		1355	`violetred2 238 58 140`
		1356	`violetred3 205 50 120`
		1357	`violetred4 139 34 82`
		1358	`wheat 245 222 179`
		1359	`wheat1 255 231 186`
		1360	`wheat2 238 216 174`
		1361	`wheat3 205 186 150`
		1362	`wheat4 139 126 102`
		1363	`whitesmoke 245 245 245`
		1364	`yellow 255 255 0`
		1365	`yellow1 255 255 0`
		1366	`yellow2 238 238 0`
		1367	`yellow3 205 205 0`
		1368	`yellow4 139 139 0`
		1369	`yellowgreen 154 205 50`
		1370	`>`
61169	ripley	1371	`> ccodes <- c(256^(2:0) %*% crgb) # = internal codes`
56186	murdoch	1372	`> ## How many names are 'aliases' of each other:`
		1373	`> table(tcc <- table(ccodes))`
		1374
		1375	`1 2 3 4`
		1376	`352 146 3 1`
		1377	`> length(uc <- unique(sort(ccodes))) # 502`
		1378	`[1] 502`
		1379	`> ## All the multiply named colors:`
		1380	`> mult <- uc[tcc >= 2]`
		1381	`> cl <- lapply(mult, function(m) cc[ccodes == m])`
		1382	`> names(cl) <- apply(col2rgb(sapply(cl, function(x)x[1])),`
61157	ripley	1383	`+ 2, function(n)paste(n, collapse = ","))`
56186	murdoch	1384	`> utils::str(cl)`
		1385	`List of 150`
		1386	`$ 0,0,0 : chr [1:3] "black" "gray0" "grey0"`
		1387	`$ 0,0,128 : chr [1:2] "navy" "navyblue"`
		1388	`$ 0,0,139 : chr [1:2] "blue4" "darkblue"`
		1389	`$ 0,0,205 : chr [1:2] "blue3" "mediumblue"`
		1390	`$ 0,0,255 : chr [1:2] "blue" "blue1"`
		1391	`$ 0,139,139 : chr [1:2] "cyan4" "darkcyan"`
		1392	`$ 0,191,255 : chr [1:2] "deepskyblue" "deepskyblue1"`
		1393	`$ 0,255,0 : chr [1:2] "green" "green1"`
		1394	`$ 0,255,127 : chr [1:2] "springgreen" "springgreen1"`
		1395	`$ 0,255,255 : chr [1:2] "cyan" "cyan1"`
		1396	`$ 3,3,3 : chr [1:2] "gray1" "grey1"`
		1397	`$ 5,5,5 : chr [1:2] "gray2" "grey2"`
		1398	`$ 8,8,8 : chr [1:2] "gray3" "grey3"`
		1399	`$ 10,10,10 : chr [1:2] "gray4" "grey4"`
		1400	`$ 13,13,13 : chr [1:2] "gray5" "grey5"`
		1401	`$ 15,15,15 : chr [1:2] "gray6" "grey6"`
		1402	`$ 18,18,18 : chr [1:2] "gray7" "grey7"`
		1403	`$ 20,20,20 : chr [1:2] "gray8" "grey8"`
		1404	`$ 23,23,23 : chr [1:2] "gray9" "grey9"`
		1405	`$ 26,26,26 : chr [1:2] "gray10" "grey10"`
		1406	`$ 28,28,28 : chr [1:2] "gray11" "grey11"`
		1407	`$ 30,144,255 : chr [1:2] "dodgerblue" "dodgerblue1"`
		1408	`$ 31,31,31 : chr [1:2] "gray12" "grey12"`
		1409	`$ 33,33,33 : chr [1:2] "gray13" "grey13"`
		1410	`$ 36,36,36 : chr [1:2] "gray14" "grey14"`
		1411	`$ 38,38,38 : chr [1:2] "gray15" "grey15"`
		1412	`$ 41,41,41 : chr [1:2] "gray16" "grey16"`
		1413	`$ 43,43,43 : chr [1:2] "gray17" "grey17"`
		1414	`$ 46,46,46 : chr [1:2] "gray18" "grey18"`
		1415	`$ 46,139,87 : chr [1:2] "seagreen" "seagreen4"`
		1416	`$ 47,79,79 : chr [1:2] "darkslategray" "darkslategrey"`
		1417	`$ 48,48,48 : chr [1:2] "gray19" "grey19"`
		1418	`$ 51,51,51 : chr [1:2] "gray20" "grey20"`
		1419	`$ 54,54,54 : chr [1:2] "gray21" "grey21"`
		1420	`$ 56,56,56 : chr [1:2] "gray22" "grey22"`
		1421	`$ 59,59,59 : chr [1:2] "gray23" "grey23"`
		1422	`$ 61,61,61 : chr [1:2] "gray24" "grey24"`
		1423	`$ 64,64,64 : chr [1:2] "gray25" "grey25"`
		1424	`$ 66,66,66 : chr [1:2] "gray26" "grey26"`
		1425	`$ 69,69,69 : chr [1:2] "gray27" "grey27"`
		1426	`$ 71,71,71 : chr [1:2] "gray28" "grey28"`
		1427	`$ 74,74,74 : chr [1:2] "gray29" "grey29"`
		1428	`$ 77,77,77 : chr [1:2] "gray30" "grey30"`
		1429	`$ 79,79,79 : chr [1:2] "gray31" "grey31"`
		1430	`$ 82,82,82 : chr [1:2] "gray32" "grey32"`
		1431	`$ 84,84,84 : chr [1:2] "gray33" "grey33"`
		1432	`$ 87,87,87 : chr [1:2] "gray34" "grey34"`
		1433	`$ 89,89,89 : chr [1:2] "gray35" "grey35"`
		1434	`$ 92,92,92 : chr [1:2] "gray36" "grey36"`
		1435	`$ 94,94,94 : chr [1:2] "gray37" "grey37"`
		1436	`$ 97,97,97 : chr [1:2] "gray38" "grey38"`
		1437	`$ 99,99,99 : chr [1:2] "gray39" "grey39"`
		1438	`$ 102,102,102: chr [1:2] "gray40" "grey40"`
		1439	`$ 102,205,170: chr [1:2] "aquamarine3" "mediumaquamarine"`
		1440	`$ 105,105,105: chr [1:4] "dimgray" "dimgrey" "gray41" "grey41"`
		1441	`$ 107,107,107: chr [1:2] "gray42" "grey42"`
		1442	`$ 110,110,110: chr [1:2] "gray43" "grey43"`
		1443	`$ 112,112,112: chr [1:2] "gray44" "grey44"`
		1444	`$ 112,128,144: chr [1:2] "slategray" "slategrey"`
		1445	`$ 115,115,115: chr [1:2] "gray45" "grey45"`
		1446	`$ 117,117,117: chr [1:2] "gray46" "grey46"`
		1447	`$ 119,136,153: chr [1:2] "lightslategray" "lightslategrey"`
		1448	`$ 120,120,120: chr [1:2] "gray47" "grey47"`
		1449	`$ 122,122,122: chr [1:2] "gray48" "grey48"`
		1450	`$ 125,125,125: chr [1:2] "gray49" "grey49"`
		1451	`$ 127,127,127: chr [1:2] "gray50" "grey50"`
		1452	`$ 127,255,0 : chr [1:2] "chartreuse" "chartreuse1"`
		1453	`$ 127,255,212: chr [1:2] "aquamarine" "aquamarine1"`
		1454	`$ 130,130,130: chr [1:2] "gray51" "grey51"`
		1455	`$ 133,133,133: chr [1:2] "gray52" "grey52"`
		1456	`$ 135,135,135: chr [1:2] "gray53" "grey53"`
		1457	`$ 138,138,138: chr [1:2] "gray54" "grey54"`
		1458	`$ 139,0,0 : chr [1:2] "darkred" "red4"`
		1459	`$ 139,0,139 : chr [1:2] "darkmagenta" "magenta4"`
		1460	`$ 139,69,19 : chr [1:2] "chocolate4" "saddlebrown"`
		1461	`$ 140,140,140: chr [1:2] "gray55" "grey55"`
		1462	`$ 143,143,143: chr [1:2] "gray56" "grey56"`
		1463	`$ 144,238,144: chr [1:2] "lightgreen" "palegreen2"`
		1464	`$ 145,145,145: chr [1:2] "gray57" "grey57"`
		1465	`$ 148,148,148: chr [1:2] "gray58" "grey58"`
		1466	`$ 150,150,150: chr [1:2] "gray59" "grey59"`
		1467	`$ 153,153,153: chr [1:2] "gray60" "grey60"`
		1468	`$ 154,205,50 : chr [1:2] "olivedrab3" "yellowgreen"`
		1469	`$ 156,156,156: chr [1:2] "gray61" "grey61"`
		1470	`$ 158,158,158: chr [1:2] "gray62" "grey62"`
		1471	`$ 161,161,161: chr [1:2] "gray63" "grey63"`
		1472	`$ 163,163,163: chr [1:2] "gray64" "grey64"`
		1473	`$ 166,166,166: chr [1:2] "gray65" "grey65"`
		1474	`$ 168,168,168: chr [1:2] "gray66" "grey66"`
		1475	`$ 169,169,169: chr [1:2] "darkgray" "darkgrey"`
		1476	`$ 171,171,171: chr [1:2] "gray67" "grey67"`
		1477	`$ 173,173,173: chr [1:2] "gray68" "grey68"`
		1478	`$ 176,176,176: chr [1:2] "gray69" "grey69"`
		1479	`$ 179,179,179: chr [1:2] "gray70" "grey70"`
		1480	`$ 181,181,181: chr [1:2] "gray71" "grey71"`
		1481	`$ 184,184,184: chr [1:2] "gray72" "grey72"`
		1482	`$ 186,186,186: chr [1:2] "gray73" "grey73"`
		1483	`$ 189,189,189: chr [1:2] "gray74" "grey74"`
		1484	`$ 190,190,190: chr [1:2] "gray" "grey"`
		1485	`[list output truncated]`
		1486	`> ## Not run:`
		1487	`> ##D if(require(xgobi)) { ## Look at the color cube dynamically :`
		1488	`> ##D tc <- t(crgb[, !duplicated(ccodes)])`
61169	ripley	1489	`> ##D table(is.gray <- tc[,1] == tc[,2] & tc[,2] == tc[,3]) # (397, 105)`
56186	murdoch	1490	`> ##D xgobi(tc, color = c("gold", "gray")[1 + is.gray])`
		1491	`> ##D }`
		1492	`> ## End(Not run)`
		1493	`>`
		1494	`>`
		1495	`>`
		1496	`> cleanEx()`
		1497	`> nameEx("colorRamp")`
		1498	`> ### * colorRamp`
		1499	`>`
		1500	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1501	`>`
		1502	`> ### Name: colorRamp`
		1503	`> ### Title: Color interpolation`
		1504	`> ### Aliases: colorRamp colorRampPalette`
		1505	`> ### Keywords: color`
		1506	`>`
		1507	`> ### ** Examples`
		1508	`>`
58989	maechler	1509	`> ## Both return a function :`
61169	ripley	1510	`> colorRamp(c("red", "green"))( (0:4)/4 ) ## (x) , x in [0,1]`
58989	maechler	1511	`[,1] [,2] [,3]`
		1512	`[1,] 255.00 0.00 0`
		1513	`[2,] 191.25 63.75 0`
		1514	`[3,] 127.50 127.50 0`
		1515	`[4,] 63.75 191.25 0`
		1516	`[5,] 0.00 255.00 0`
61169	ripley	1517	`> colorRampPalette(c("blue", "red"))( 4 ) ## (n)`
58989	maechler	1518	`[1] "#0000FF" "#5500AA" "#AA0055" "#FF0000"`
		1519	`> ## Don't show:`
		1520	`> ## special case, invalid in R <= 2.15.0:`
		1521	`> bb <- colorRampPalette(2)(4)`
		1522	`> stopifnot(bb[1] == bb)`
		1523	`> ## End Don't show`
56186	murdoch	1524	`> require(graphics)`
		1525	`>`
		1526	`> ## Here space="rgb" gives palettes that vary only in saturation,`
		1527	`> ## as intended.`
		1528	`> ## With space="Lab" the steps are more uniform, but the hues`
		1529	`> ## are slightly purple.`
		1530	`> filled.contour(volcano,`
		1531	`+ color.palette =`
		1532	`+ colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue")),`
		1533	`+ asp = 1)`
		1534	`> filled.contour(volcano,`
		1535	`+ color.palette =`
		1536	`+ colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue"),`
		1537	`+ space = "Lab"),`
		1538	`+ asp = 1)`
		1539	`>`
		1540	`> ## Interpolating a 'sequential' ColorBrewer palette`
		1541	`> YlOrBr <- c("#FFFFD4", "#FED98E", "#FE9929", "#D95F0E", "#993404")`
		1542	`> filled.contour(volcano,`
		1543	`+ color.palette = colorRampPalette(YlOrBr, space = "Lab"),`
		1544	`+ asp = 1)`
		1545	`> filled.contour(volcano,`
		1546	`+ color.palette = colorRampPalette(YlOrBr, space = "Lab",`
		1547	`+ bias = 0.5),`
		1548	`+ asp = 1)`
		1549	`>`
		1550	`> ## 'jet.colors' is "as in Matlab"`
		1551	`> ## (and hurting the eyes by over-saturation)`
		1552	`> jet.colors <-`
		1553	`+ colorRampPalette(c("#00007F", "blue", "#007FFF", "cyan",`
		1554	`+ "#7FFF7F", "yellow", "#FF7F00", "red", "#7F0000"))`
		1555	`> filled.contour(volcano, color = jet.colors, asp = 1)`
		1556	`>`
		1557	`> ## space="Lab" helps when colors don't form a natural sequence`
		1558	`> m <- outer(1:20,1:20,function(x,y) sin(sqrt(x*y)/3))`
		1559	`> rgb.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "orange", "blue"),`
		1560	`+ space = "rgb")`
		1561	`> Lab.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "orange", "blue"),`
		1562	`+ space = "Lab")`
		1563	`> filled.contour(m, col = rgb.palette(20))`
		1564	`> filled.contour(m, col = Lab.palette(20))`
		1565	`>`
		1566	`>`
		1567	`>`
		1568	`> cleanEx()`
		1569	`> nameEx("colors")`
		1570	`> ### * colors`
		1571	`>`
		1572	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1573	`>`
		1574	`> ### Name: colors`
		1575	`> ### Title: Color Names`
		1576	`> ### Aliases: colors colours`
		1577	`> ### Keywords: color dplot sysdata`
		1578	`>`
		1579	`> ### ** Examples`
		1580	`>`
		1581	`> cl <- colors()`
		1582	`> length(cl); cl[1:20]`
		1583	`[1] 657`
		1584	`[1] "white" "aliceblue" "antiquewhite" "antiquewhite1"`
		1585	`[5] "antiquewhite2" "antiquewhite3" "antiquewhite4" "aquamarine"`
		1586	`[9] "aquamarine1" "aquamarine2" "aquamarine3" "aquamarine4"`
		1587	`[13] "azure" "azure1" "azure2" "azure3"`
		1588	`[17] "azure4" "beige" "bisque" "bisque1"`
		1589	`>`
61127	maechler	1590	`> length(cl. <- colors(TRUE))`
		1591	`[1] 502`
		1592	`> ## only 502 of the 657 named ones`
		1593	`>`
		1594	`> ## ----------- Show all named colors and more:`
		1595	`> demo("colors")`
		1596
		1597
		1598	`demo(colors)`
		1599	`---- ~~~~~~`
		1600
57782	maechler	1601	`> ### ----------- Show (almost) all named colors ---------------------`
56186	murdoch	1602	`>`
57782	maechler	1603	`> ## 1) with traditional 'graphics' package:`
		1604	`> showCols1 <- function(bg = "gray", cex = 0.75, srt = 30) {`
		1605	`+ m <- ceiling(sqrt(n <- length(cl <- colors())))`
		1606	`+ length(cl) <- m*m; cm <- matrix(cl, m)`
		1607	`+ ##`
		1608	`+ require("graphics")`
		1609	`+ op <- par(mar=rep(0,4), ann=FALSE, bg = bg); on.exit(par(op))`
		1610	`+ plot(1:m,1:m, type="n", axes=FALSE)`
		1611	`+ text(col(cm), rev(row(cm)), cm, col = cl, cex=cex, srt=srt)`
		1612	`+ }`
61127	maechler	1613
57782	maechler	1614	`> showCols1()`
61127	maechler	1615
57782	maechler	1616	`> ## 2) with 'grid' package:`
		1617	`> showCols2 <- function(bg = "grey", cex = 0.75, rot = 30) {`
		1618	`+ m <- ceiling(sqrt(n <- length(cl <- colors())))`
		1619	`+ length(cl) <- m*m; cm <- matrix(cl, m)`
		1620	`+ ##`
		1621	`+ require("grid")`
		1622	`+ grid.newpage(); vp <- viewport(w = .92, h = .92)`
		1623	`+ grid.rect(gp=gpar(fill=bg))`
		1624	`+ grid.text(cm, x = col(cm)/m, y = rev(row(cm))/m, rot = rot,`
		1625	`+ vp=vp, gp=gpar(cex = cex, col = cm))`
		1626	`+ }`
61127	maechler	1627
57782	maechler	1628	`> showCols2()`
		1629	`Loading required package: grid`
61127	maechler	1630
57782	maechler	1631	`> showCols2(bg = "gray33")`
61127	maechler	1632
		1633	`> ###`
57782	maechler	1634	`>`
61127	maechler	1635	`> ##' @title Comparing Colors`
		1636	`> ##' @param col`
		1637	`> ##' @param nrow`
		1638	`> ##' @param ncol`
		1639	`> ##' @param txt.col`
		1640	`> ##' @return the grid layout, invisibly`
		1641	`> ##' @author Marius Hofert, originally`
		1642	`> plotCol <- function(col, nrow=1, ncol=ceiling(length(col) / nrow),`
		1643	`+ txt.col="black") {`
		1644	`+ stopifnot(nrow >= 1, ncol >= 1)`
		1645	`+ if(length(col) > nrow*ncol)`
		1646	`+ warning("some colors will not be shown")`
		1647	`+ require(grid)`
		1648	`+ grid.newpage()`
		1649	`+ gl <- grid.layout(nrow, ncol)`
		1650	`+ pushViewport(viewport(layout=gl))`
		1651	`+ ic <- 1`
		1652	`+ for(i in 1:nrow) {`
		1653	`+ for(j in 1:ncol) {`
		1654	`+ pushViewport(viewport(layout.pos.row=i, layout.pos.col=j))`
		1655	`+ grid.rect(gp= gpar(fill=col[ic]))`
		1656	`+ grid.text(col[ic], gp=gpar(col=txt.col))`
		1657	`+ upViewport()`
		1658	`+ ic <- ic+1`
		1659	`+ }`
		1660	`+ }`
		1661	`+ upViewport()`
		1662	`+ invisible(gl)`
		1663	`+ }`
		1664
		1665	`> ## A Chocolate Bar of colors:`
		1666	`> plotCol(c("#CC8C3C", paste0("chocolate", 2:4),`
		1667	`+ paste0("darkorange", c("",1:2)), paste0("darkgoldenrod", 1:2),`
		1668	`+ "orange", "orange1", "sandybrown", "tan1", "tan2"),`
		1669	`+ nrow=2)`
		1670
		1671	`> ##' Find close R colors() to a given color {original by Marius Hofert)`
		1672	`> ##' using Euclidean norm in (HSV / RGB / ...) color space`
		1673	`> nearRcolor <- function(rgb, cSpace = c("hsv", "rgb255", "Luv", "Lab"),`
		1674	`+ dist = switch(cSpace, "hsv" = 0.10, "rgb255" = 30,`
		1675	`+ "Luv" = 15, "Lab" = 12))`
		1676	`+ {`
		1677	`+ if(is.character(rgb)) rgb <- col2rgb(rgb)`
		1678	`+ stopifnot(length(rgb <- as.vector(rgb)) == 3)`
		1679	`+ Rcol <- col2rgb(.cc <- colors())`
		1680	`+ uniqC <- !duplicated(t(Rcol)) # gray9 == grey9 (etc)`
		1681	`+ Rcol <- Rcol[, uniqC] ; .cc <- .cc[uniqC]`
		1682	`+ cSpace <- match.arg(cSpace)`
		1683	`+ convRGB2 <- function(Rgb, to)`
		1684	`+ t(convertColor(t(Rgb), from="sRGB", to=to, scale.in=255))`
		1685	`+ ## the transformation, rgb{0..255} --> cSpace :`
		1686	`+ TransF <- switch(cSpace,`
		1687	`+ "rgb255" = identity,`
		1688	`+ "hsv" = rgb2hsv,`
		1689	`+ "Luv" = function(RGB) convRGB2(RGB, "Luv"),`
		1690	`+ "Lab" = function(RGB) convRGB2(RGB, "Lab"))`
		1691	`+ d <- sqrt(colSums((TransF(Rcol) - as.vector(TransF(rgb)))^2))`
		1692	`+ iS <- sort.list(d[near <- d <= dist])# sorted: closest first`
		1693	`+ setNames(.cc[near][iS], format(d[near][iS], digits=3))`
		1694	`+ }`
		1695
		1696	`> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "rgb")`
		1697	`0.0 21.1 25.8 29.5`
		1698	`"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "sienna1"`
		1699
		1700	`> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "hsv")`
		1701	`0.0000 0.0410 0.0618 0.0638 0.0667 0.0766`
		1702	`"tan2" "sienna2" "coral2" "tomato2" "tan1" "coral"`
		1703	`0.0778 0.0900 0.0912 0.0918`
		1704	`"sienna1" "sandybrown" "coral1" "tomato"`
		1705
		1706	`> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "Luv")`
		1707	`0.00 7.42 7.48 12.41 13.69`
		1708	`"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "orange3" "orange2"`
		1709
		1710	`> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "Lab")`
		1711	`0.00 5.56 8.08 11.31`
		1712	`"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "peru"`
		1713
		1714	`> nearRcolor("#334455")`
		1715	`0.0867`
		1716	`"darkslategray"`
		1717
		1718	`> ## Now, consider choosing a color by looking in the`
		1719	`> ## neighborhood of one you know :`
57782	maechler	1720	`>`
61127	maechler	1721	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("deepskyblue", "rgb", dist=50))`
		1722
		1723	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("deepskyblue", dist=.1))`
		1724
		1725	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "rgb", dist= 50), nrow=3)`
		1726
		1727	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "hsv", dist=.12), nrow=3)`
		1728
		1729	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "Luv", dist= 25), nrow=3)`
		1730
		1731	`> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "Lab", dist= 18), nrow=3)`
		1732	`> ## -----------`
57782	maechler	1733	`>`
61127	maechler	1734	`>`
		1735	`>`
56186	murdoch	1736	`> cleanEx()`
57782	maechler	1737
		1738	`detaching ‘package:grid’`
		1739
56186	murdoch	1740	`> nameEx("contourLines")`
		1741	`> ### * contourLines`
		1742	`>`
		1743	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1744	`>`
		1745	`> ### Name: contourLines`
		1746	`> ### Title: Calculate Contour Lines`
		1747	`> ### Aliases: contourLines`
		1748	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		1749	`>`
		1750	`> ### ** Examples`
		1751	`>`
		1752	`> x <- 10*1:nrow(volcano)`
		1753	`> y <- 10*1:ncol(volcano)`
		1754	`> contourLines(x, y, volcano)`
		1755	`>`
		1756	`>`
		1757	`>`
		1758	`> cleanEx()`
		1759	`> nameEx("convertColor")`
		1760	`> ### * convertColor`
		1761	`>`
		1762	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1763	`>`
		1764	`> ### Name: convertColor`
		1765	`> ### Title: Convert between Colour Spaces`
		1766	`> ### Aliases: convertColor colorspaces`
		1767	`> ### Keywords: color`
		1768	`>`
		1769	`> ### ** Examples`
		1770	`>`
61127	maechler	1771	`> ## The displayable colors from four planes of Lab space`
61157	ripley	1772	`> ab <- expand.grid(a = (-10:15)*10,`
		1773	`+ b = (-15:10)*10)`
56186	murdoch	1774	`> require(graphics); require(stats) # for na.omit`
61157	ripley	1775	`> par(mfrow = c(2, 2), mar = .1+c(3, 3, 3, .5), mgp = c(2, .8, 0))`
56186	murdoch	1776	`>`
61157	ripley	1777	`> Lab <- cbind(L = 20, ab)`
		1778	`> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)`
		1779	`> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")`
		1780	`> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0`
		1781	`> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])`
		1782	`> image((-10:15)10, (-15:10)10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,`
		1783	`+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=20")`
56186	murdoch	1784	`>`
61157	ripley	1785	`> Lab <- cbind(L = 40, ab)`
		1786	`> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)`
		1787	`> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")`
		1788	`> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0`
		1789	`> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])`
		1790	`> image((-10:15)10, (-15:10)10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,`
		1791	`+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=40")`
56186	murdoch	1792	`>`
61157	ripley	1793	`> Lab <- cbind(L = 60, ab)`
		1794	`> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)`
		1795	`> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")`
		1796	`> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0`
		1797	`> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])`
		1798	`> image((-10:15)10, (-15:10)10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,`
		1799	`+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=60")`
56186	murdoch	1800	`>`
61157	ripley	1801	`> Lab <- cbind(L = 80, ab)`
		1802	`> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)`
		1803	`> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")`
		1804	`> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0`
		1805	`> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])`
		1806	`> image((-10:15)10, (-15:10)10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,`
		1807	`+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=80")`
56186	murdoch	1808	`>`
61127	maechler	1809	`> cols <- t(col2rgb(palette())); rownames(cols) <- palette(); cols`
		1810	`red green blue`
		1811	`black 0 0 0`
		1812	`red 255 0 0`
		1813	`green3 0 205 0`
		1814	`blue 0 0 255`
		1815	`cyan 0 255 255`
		1816	`magenta 255 0 255`
		1817	`yellow 255 255 0`
		1818	`gray 190 190 190`
61157	ripley	1819	`> zapsmall(lab <- convertColor(cols, from = "sRGB", to = "Lab", scale.in = 255))`
61127	maechler	1820	`L a.x b`
		1821	`black 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000`
		1822	`red 53.48418 80.01027 67.38407`
		1823	`green3 71.91841 -73.33548 70.41134`
		1824	`blue 32.24075 78.82042 -107.93632`
		1825	`cyan 91.01106 -48.46075 -14.29081`
		1826	`magenta 60.50231 97.95195 -60.51490`
		1827	`yellow 97.14950 -21.36677 94.42044`
		1828	`gray 76.97594 0.00000 0.00000`
		1829	`> stopifnot(all.equal(cols, # converting back.. getting the original:`
61157	ripley	1830	`+ round(convertColor(lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", scale.out = 255)),`
		1831	`+ check.attributes = FALSE))`
56186	murdoch	1832	`>`
		1833	`>`
		1834	`>`
		1835	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		1836	`> cleanEx()`
		1837	`> nameEx("densCols")`
		1838	`> ### * densCols`
		1839	`>`
		1840	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1841	`>`
		1842	`> ### Name: densCols`
		1843	`> ### Title: Colors for Smooth Density Plots`
		1844	`> ### Aliases: densCols blues9`
		1845	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		1846	`>`
		1847	`> ### ** Examples`
		1848	`>`
61157	ripley	1849	`> x1 <- matrix(rnorm(1e3), ncol = 2)`
		1850	`> x2 <- matrix(rnorm(1e3, mean = 3, sd = 1.5), ncol = 2)`
61169	ripley	1851	`> x <- rbind(x1, x2)`
56186	murdoch	1852	`>`
		1853	`> dcols <- densCols(x)`
		1854	`KernSmooth 2.23 loaded`
		1855	`Copyright M. P. Wand 1997-2009`
61157	ripley	1856	`> graphics::plot(x, col = dcols, pch = 20, main = "n = 1000")`
56186	murdoch	1857	`>`
		1858	`>`
		1859	`>`
		1860	`> cleanEx()`
		1861	`> nameEx("dev")`
		1862	`> ### * dev`
		1863	`>`
		1864	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1865	`>`
		1866	`> ### Name: dev`
		1867	`> ### Title: Control Multiple Devices`
		1868	`> ### Aliases: dev.cur dev.list dev.next dev.prev dev.off dev.set dev.new`
		1869	`> ### graphics.off`
		1870	`> ### Keywords: device iplot`
		1871	`>`
		1872	`> ### ** Examples`
		1873	`>`
		1874	`> ## Not run:`
		1875	`> ##D ## Unix-specific example`
		1876	`> ##D x11()`
		1877	`> ##D plot(1:10)`
		1878	`> ##D x11()`
		1879	`> ##D plot(rnorm(10))`
		1880	`> ##D dev.set(dev.prev())`
61169	ripley	1881	`> ##D abline(0, 1) # through the 1:10 points`
56186	murdoch	1882	`> ##D dev.set(dev.next())`
61169	ripley	1883	`> ##D abline(h = 0, col = "gray") # for the residual plot`
56186	murdoch	1884	`> ##D dev.set(dev.prev())`
61169	ripley	1885	`> ##D dev.off(); dev.off() #- close the two X devices`
56186	murdoch	1886	`> ## End(Not run)`
		1887	`>`
		1888	`>`
		1889	`>`
		1890	`> cleanEx()`
56868	ripley	1891	`> nameEx("dev.capabilities")`
		1892	`> ### * dev.capabilities`
		1893	`>`
		1894	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1895	`>`
		1896	`> ### Name: dev.capabilities`
		1897	`> ### Title: Query Capabilities of the Current Graphics Device`
		1898	`> ### Aliases: dev.capabilities`
		1899	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		1900	`>`
		1901	`> ### ** Examples`
		1902	`>`
		1903	`> dev.capabilities()`
		1904	`$semiTransparency`
56942	ripley	1905	`[1] TRUE`
56868	ripley	1906
		1907	`$transparentBackground`
56942	ripley	1908	`[1] "semi"`
56868	ripley	1909
		1910	`$rasterImage`
56942	ripley	1911	`[1] "yes"`
56868	ripley	1912
		1913	`$capture`
		1914	`[1] FALSE`
		1915
		1916	`$locator`
		1917	`[1] FALSE`
		1918
56904	murdoch	1919	`$events`
		1920	`character(0)`
		1921
56868	ripley	1922	`>`
		1923	`>`
		1924	`>`
		1925	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	1926	`> nameEx("dev.interactive")`
		1927	`> ### * dev.interactive`
		1928	`>`
		1929	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1930	`>`
		1931	`> ### Name: dev.interactive`
		1932	`> ### Title: Is the Current Graphics Device Interactive?`
		1933	`> ### Aliases: dev.interactive deviceIsInteractive`
		1934	`> ### Keywords: device`
		1935	`>`
		1936	`> ### ** Examples`
		1937	`>`
		1938	`> dev.interactive()`
		1939	`[1] FALSE`
		1940	`> print(deviceIsInteractive(NULL))`
		1941	`[1] "X11" "X11cairo" "quartz" "windows" "JavaGD" "CairoWin" "CairoX11"`
		1942	`>`
		1943	`>`
		1944	`>`
		1945	`> cleanEx()`
		1946	`> nameEx("dev.size")`
		1947	`> ### * dev.size`
		1948	`>`
		1949	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1950	`>`
		1951	`> ### Name: dev.size`
		1952	`> ### Title: Find Size of Device Surface`
		1953	`> ### Aliases: dev.size`
		1954	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		1955	`>`
		1956	`> ### ** Examples`
		1957	`>`
		1958	`> dev.size("cm")`
		1959	`[1] 17.78 17.78`
		1960	`>`
		1961	`>`
		1962	`>`
		1963	`> cleanEx()`
		1964	`> nameEx("dev2")`
		1965	`> ### * dev2`
		1966	`>`
		1967	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1968	`>`
		1969	`> ### Name: dev2`
		1970	`> ### Title: Copy Graphics Between Multiple Devices`
		1971	`> ### Aliases: dev.copy dev.print dev.copy2eps dev.copy2pdf dev.control`
		1972	`> ### Keywords: device`
		1973	`>`
		1974	`> ### ** Examples`
		1975	`>`
		1976	`> ## Not run:`
58212	ripley	1977	`> ##D x11() # on a Unix-alike`
61157	ripley	1978	`> ##D plot(rnorm(10), main = "Plot 1")`
		1979	`> ##D dev.copy(device = x11)`
56186	murdoch	1980	`> ##D mtext("Copy 1", 3)`
61157	ripley	1981	`> ##D dev.print(width = 6, height = 6, horizontal = FALSE) # prints it`
56186	murdoch	1982	`> ##D dev.off(dev.prev())`
		1983	`> ##D dev.off()`
		1984	`> ## End(Not run)`
		1985	`>`
		1986	`>`
		1987	`>`
		1988	`> cleanEx()`
		1989	`> nameEx("extendrange")`
		1990	`> ### * extendrange`
		1991	`>`
		1992	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		1993	`>`
		1994	`> ### Name: extendrange`
		1995	`> ### Title: Extend a Numerical Range by a Small Percentage`
		1996	`> ### Aliases: extendrange`
		1997	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		1998	`>`
		1999	`> ### ** Examples`
		2000	`>`
		2001	`> x <- 1:5`
		2002	`> (r <- range(x)) # 1 5`
		2003	`[1] 1 5`
		2004	`> extendrange(x) # 0.8 5.2`
		2005	`[1] 0.8 5.2`
		2006	`> extendrange(x, f= 0.01) # 0.96 5.04`
		2007	`[1] 0.96 5.04`
		2008	`> ## Use 'r' if you have it already:`
61157	ripley	2009	`> stopifnot(identical(extendrange(r = r),`
56186	murdoch	2010	`+ extendrange(x)))`
		2011	`>`
		2012	`>`
		2013	`>`
		2014	`> cleanEx()`
		2015	`> nameEx("getGraphicsEvent")`
		2016	`> ### * getGraphicsEvent`
		2017	`>`
		2018	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2019	`>`
		2020	`> ### Name: getGraphicsEvent`
		2021	`> ### Title: Wait for a mouse or keyboard event from a graphics window`
		2022	`> ### Aliases: getGraphicsEvent setGraphicsEventHandlers getGraphicsEventEnv`
		2023	`> ### setGraphicsEventEnv`
		2024	`> ### Keywords: iplot`
		2025	`>`
		2026	`> ### ** Examples`
		2027	`>`
		2028	`>`
		2029	`>`
		2030	`>`
		2031	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		2032	`> cleanEx()`
		2033	`> nameEx("gray")`
		2034	`> ### * gray`
		2035	`>`
		2036	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2037	`>`
		2038	`> ### Name: gray`
		2039	`> ### Title: Gray Level Specification`
		2040	`> ### Aliases: gray grey`
		2041	`> ### Keywords: color`
		2042	`>`
		2043	`> ### ** Examples`
		2044	`>`
		2045	`> gray(0:8 / 8)`
		2046	`[1] "#000000" "#202020" "#404040" "#606060" "#808080" "#9F9F9F" "#BFBFBF"`
		2047	`[8] "#DFDFDF" "#FFFFFF"`
		2048	`>`
		2049	`>`
		2050	`>`
		2051	`> cleanEx()`
		2052	`> nameEx("gray.colors")`
		2053	`> ### * gray.colors`
		2054	`>`
		2055	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2056	`>`
		2057	`> ### Name: gray.colors`
		2058	`> ### Title: Gray Color Palette`
		2059	`> ### Aliases: gray.colors grey.colors`
		2060	`> ### Keywords: color`
		2061	`>`
		2062	`> ### ** Examples`
		2063	`>`
		2064	`> require(graphics)`
		2065	`>`
61169	ripley	2066	`> pie(rep(1, 12), col = gray.colors(12))`
56186	murdoch	2067	`> barplot(1:12, col = gray.colors(12))`
		2068	`>`
		2069	`>`
		2070	`>`
		2071	`> cleanEx()`
		2072	`> nameEx("hcl")`
		2073	`> ### * hcl`
		2074	`>`
		2075	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2076	`>`
		2077	`> ### Name: hcl`
		2078	`> ### Title: HCL Color Specification`
		2079	`> ### Aliases: hcl`
		2080	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
		2081	`>`
		2082	`> ### ** Examples`
		2083	`>`
		2084	`> require(graphics)`
		2085	`>`
		2086	`> # The Foley and Van Dam PhD Data.`
		2087	`> csd <- matrix(c( 4,2,4,6, 4,3,1,4, 4,7,7,1,`
		2088	`+ 0,7,3,2, 4,5,3,2, 5,4,2,2,`
		2089	`+ 3,1,3,0, 4,4,6,7, 1,10,8,7,`
		2090	`+ 1,5,3,2, 1,5,2,1, 4,1,4,3,`
61157	ripley	2091	`+ 0,3,0,6, 2,1,5,5), nrow = 4)`
56186	murdoch	2092	`>`
		2093	`> csphd <- function(colors)`
		2094	`+ barplot(csd, col = colors, ylim = c(0,30),`
		2095	`+ names = 72:85, xlab = "Year", ylab = "Students",`
		2096	`+ legend = c("Winter", "Spring", "Summer", "Fall"),`
		2097	`+ main = "Computer Science PhD Graduates", las = 1)`
		2098	`>`
		2099	`> # The Original (Metaphorical) Colors (Ouch!)`
		2100	`> csphd(c("blue", "green", "yellow", "orange"))`
		2101	`>`
		2102	`> # A Color Tetrad (Maximal Color Differences)`
		2103	`> csphd(hcl(h = c(30, 120, 210, 300)))`
		2104	`>`
		2105	`> # Same, but lighter and less colorful`
57440	murdoch	2106	`> # Turn off automatic correction to make sure`
56186	murdoch	2107	`> # that we have defined real colors.`
		2108	`> csphd(hcl(h = c(30, 120, 210, 300),`
		2109	`+ c = 20, l = 90, fixup = FALSE))`
		2110	`>`
		2111	`> # Analogous Colors`
		2112	`> # Good for those with red/green color confusion`
		2113	`> csphd(hcl(h = seq(60, 240, by = 60)))`
		2114	`>`
		2115	`> # Metaphorical Colors`
		2116	`> csphd(hcl(h = seq(210, 60, length = 4)))`
		2117	`>`
		2118	`> # Cool Colors`
		2119	`> csphd(hcl(h = seq(120, 0, length = 4) + 150))`
		2120	`>`
		2121	`> # Warm Colors`
		2122	`> csphd(hcl(h = seq(120, 0, length = 4) - 30))`
		2123	`>`
		2124	`> # Single Color`
		2125	`> hist(stats::rnorm(1000), col = hcl(240))`
		2126	`>`
61127	maechler	2127	`> ## Exploring the hcl() color space {in its mapping to R's sRGB colors}:`
		2128	`> demo(hclColors)`
		2129
		2130
		2131	`demo(hclColors)`
		2132	`---- ~~~~~~~~~`
		2133
		2134	`> ### ------ hcl() explorations`
56186	murdoch	2135	`>`
61127	maechler	2136	`> hcl.wheel <-`
		2137	`+ function(chroma = 35, lums = 0:100, hues = 1:360, asp = 1,`
		2138	`+ p.cex = 0.6, do.label = FALSE, rev.lum = FALSE,`
		2139	`+ fixup = TRUE)`
		2140	`+ {`
		2141	`+ ## Purpose: show chroma "sections" of hcl() color space; see ?hcl`
		2142	`+ ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------`
		2143	`+ ## Arguments: chroma: can be vector -> multiple plots are done,`
		2144	`+ ## lums, hues, fixup : all corresponding to hcl()'s args`
		2145	`+ ## rev.lum: logical indicating if luminance`
		2146	`+ ## should go from outer to inner`
		2147	`+ ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------`
		2148	`+ ## Author: Martin Maechler, Date: 24 Jun 2005`
		2149	`+`
		2150	`+ require("graphics")`
		2151	`+ stopifnot(is.numeric(lums), lums >= 0, lums <= 100,`
		2152	`+ is.numeric(hues), hues >= 0, hues <= 360,`
		2153	`+ is.numeric(chroma), chroma >= 0, (nch <- length(chroma)) >= 1)`
		2154	`+ if(is.unsorted(hues)) hues <- sort(hues)`
		2155	`+ if(nch > 1) {`
		2156	`+ op <- par(mfrow= n2mfrow(nch), mar = c(0,0,0,0))`
		2157	`+ on.exit(par(op))`
		2158	`+ }`
		2159	`+ for(i.c in 1:nch) {`
		2160	`+ plot(-1:1,-1:1, type="n", axes = FALSE, xlab="",ylab="", asp = asp)`
		2161	`+ ## main = sprintf("hcl(h = <angle>, c = %g)", chroma[i.c]),`
		2162	`+ text(0.4, 0.99, paste("chroma =", format(chroma[i.c])),`
		2163	`+ adj = 0, font = 4)`
		2164	`+ l.s <- (if(rev.lum) rev(lums) else lums) / max(lums) # <= 1`
		2165	`+ for(ang in hues) { # could do all this using outer() instead of for()...`
		2166	`+ a. <- ang * pi/180`
		2167	`+ z.a <- exp(1i * a.)`
		2168	`+ cols <- hcl(ang, c = chroma[i.c], l = lums, fixup = fixup)`
		2169	`+ points(l.s * z.a, pch = 16, col = cols, cex = p.cex)`
		2170	`+ ##if(do."text") : draw the 0,45,90,... angle "lines"`
		2171	`+ if(do.label)`
		2172	`+ text(z.a*1.05, labels = ang, col = cols[length(cols)/2],`
		2173	`+ srt = ang)`
		2174	`+ }`
		2175	`+ if(!fixup) ## show the outline`
		2176	`+ lines(exp(1i * hues * pi/180))`
		2177	`+ }`
		2178	`+ invisible()`
		2179	`+ }`
		2180
		2181	`> ## and now a few interesting calls :`
56186	murdoch	2182	`>`
61127	maechler	2183	`> hcl.wheel() # and watch it redraw when you fiddle with the graphic window`
		2184
		2185	`> hcl.wheel(rev.lum= TRUE) # ditto`
		2186
		2187	`> hcl.wheel(do.lab = TRUE) # ditto`
		2188
		2189	`> ## Now watch:`
		2190	`> hcl.wheel(ch = c(25,35,45,55))`
		2191
		2192	`> hcl.wheel(ch = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.4)`
		2193
		2194	`> hcl.wheel(ch = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, fixup = FALSE)`
		2195
		2196	`> hcl.wheel(ch = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, rev.lum = TRUE)`
		2197
		2198	`> if(dev.interactive()) # new "graphics window" -- to compare with previous :`
		2199	`+ dev.new()`
		2200
		2201	`> hcl.wheel(ch = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, rev.lum = TRUE, fixup=FALSE)`
		2202	`>`
		2203	`>`
		2204	`>`
		2205	`>`
56186	murdoch	2206	`> cleanEx()`
		2207	`> nameEx("hsv")`
		2208	`> ### * hsv`
		2209	`>`
		2210	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2211	`>`
		2212	`> ### Name: hsv`
		2213	`> ### Title: HSV Color Specification`
		2214	`> ### Aliases: hsv`
		2215	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
		2216	`>`
		2217	`> ### ** Examples`
		2218	`>`
		2219	`> require(graphics)`
		2220	`>`
		2221	`> hsv(.5,.5,.5)`
		2222	`[1] "#408080"`
		2223	`>`
		2224	`> ## Red tones:`
		2225	`> n <- 20; y <- -sin(3pi((1:n)-1/2)/n)`
61169	ripley	2226	`> op <- par(mar = rep(1.5, 4))`
56186	murdoch	2227	`> plot(y, axes = FALSE, frame.plot = TRUE,`
		2228	`+ xlab = "", ylab = "", pch = 21, cex = 30,`
61157	ripley	2229	`+ bg = rainbow(n, start = .85, end = .1),`
56186	murdoch	2230	`+ main = "Red tones")`
		2231	`> par(op)`
		2232	`>`
		2233	`>`
		2234	`>`
		2235	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		2236	`> cleanEx()`
		2237	`> nameEx("make.rgb")`
		2238	`> ### * make.rgb`
		2239	`>`
		2240	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2241	`>`
		2242	`> ### Name: make.rgb`
		2243	`> ### Title: Create colour spaces`
		2244	`> ### Aliases: make.rgb colorConverter`
		2245	`> ### Keywords: color`
		2246	`>`
		2247	`> ### ** Examples`
		2248	`>`
61157	ripley	2249	`> (pal <- make.rgb(red = c(0.6400, 0.3300),`
		2250	`+ green = c(0.2900, 0.6000),`
		2251	`+ blue = c(0.1500, 0.0600),`
56186	murdoch	2252	`+ name = "PAL/SECAM RGB"))`
		2253	`Color space converter: PAL/SECAM RGB`
		2254	`Reference white: D65`
		2255	`display gamma = 2.2`
		2256	`>`
		2257	`> ## converter for sRGB in #rrggbb format`
61169	ripley	2258	`> hexcolor <- colorConverter(toXYZ = function(hex, ...) {`
56186	murdoch	2259	`+ rgb <- t(col2rgb(hex))/255`
58933	ripley	2260	`+ colorspaces$sRGB$toXYZ(rgb, ...) },`
61169	ripley	2261	`+ fromXYZ = function(xyz, ...) {`
58933	ripley	2262	`+ rgb <- colorspaces$sRGB$fromXYZ(xyz, ..)`
61169	ripley	2263	`+ rgb <- round(rgb, 5)`
56186	murdoch	2264	`+ if (min(rgb) < 0 \|\| max(rgb) > 1)`
		2265	`+ as.character(NA)`
58933	ripley	2266	`+ else rgb(rgb[1], rgb[2], rgb[3])},`
56186	murdoch	2267	`+ white = "D65", name = "#rrggbb")`
		2268	`>`
		2269	`> (cols <- t(col2rgb(palette())))`
		2270	`red green blue`
		2271	`[1,] 0 0 0`
		2272	`[2,] 255 0 0`
		2273	`[3,] 0 205 0`
		2274	`[4,] 0 0 255`
		2275	`[5,] 0 255 255`
		2276	`[6,] 255 0 255`
		2277	`[7,] 255 255 0`
		2278	`[8,] 190 190 190`
61169	ripley	2279	`> zapsmall(luv <- convertColor(cols, from = "sRGB", to = "Luv", scale.in = 255))`
58933	ripley	2280	`L u v`
		2281	`[1,] 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000`
		2282	`[2,] 53.48418 175.36468 37.80017`
		2283	`[3,] 71.91841 -68.70661 87.86408`
		2284	`[4,] 32.24075 -9.66060 -130.19297`
		2285	`[5,] 91.01106 -71.17303 -15.34147`
		2286	`[6,] 60.50231 84.56678 -108.14654`
		2287	`[7,] 97.14950 7.89815 106.44098`
		2288	`[8,] 76.97594 0.00000 0.00000`
61157	ripley	2289	`> (hex <- convertColor(luv, from = "Luv", to = hexcolor, scale.out = NULL))`
56186	murdoch	2290	`[1] "#000000" "#FF0000" "#00CD00" "#0000FF" "#00FFFF" "#FF00FF" "#FFFF00"`
		2291	`[8] "#BEBEBE"`
		2292	`>`
		2293	`> ## must make hex a matrix before using it`
61157	ripley	2294	`> (cc <- round(convertColor(as.matrix(hex), from = hexcolor, to = "sRGB",`
		2295	`+ scale.in = NULL, scale.out = 255)))`
56186	murdoch	2296	`[,1] [,2] [,3]`
		2297	`[1,] 0 0 0`
		2298	`[2,] 255 0 0`
		2299	`[3,] 0 205 0`
		2300	`[4,] 0 0 255`
		2301	`[5,] 0 255 255`
		2302	`[6,] 255 0 255`
		2303	`[7,] 255 255 0`
		2304	`[8,] 190 190 190`
		2305	`> stopifnot(cc == cols)`
		2306	`>`
		2307	`>`
		2308	`>`
		2309	`> cleanEx()`
		2310	`> nameEx("n2mfrow")`
		2311	`> ### * n2mfrow`
		2312	`>`
		2313	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2314	`>`
		2315	`> ### Name: n2mfrow`
		2316	`> ### Title: Compute Default mfrow From Number of Plots`
		2317	`> ### Aliases: n2mfrow`
		2318	`> ### Keywords: dplot utilities`
		2319	`>`
		2320	`> ### ** Examples`
		2321	`>`
		2322	`> require(graphics)`
		2323	`>`
		2324	`> n2mfrow(8) # 3 x 3`
		2325	`[1] 3 3`
		2326	`>`
61157	ripley	2327	`> n <- 5 ; x <- seq(-2, 2, len = 51)`
56186	murdoch	2328	`> ## suppose now that 'n' is not known {inside function}`
		2329	`> op <- par(mfrow = n2mfrow(n))`
		2330	`> for (j in 1:n)`
		2331	`+ plot(x, x^j, main = substitute(x^ exp, list(exp = j)), type = "l",`
		2332	`+ col = "blue")`
		2333	`>`
		2334	`> sapply(1:10, n2mfrow)`
		2335	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]`
		2336	`[1,] 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4`
		2337	`[2,] 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3`
		2338	`>`
		2339	`>`
		2340	`>`
		2341	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		2342	`> cleanEx()`
		2343	`> nameEx("nclass")`
		2344	`> ### * nclass`
		2345	`>`
		2346	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2347	`>`
		2348	`> ### Name: nclass`
		2349	`> ### Title: Compute the Number of Classes for a Histogram`
		2350	`> ### Aliases: nclass.Sturges nclass.scott nclass.FD`
		2351	`> ### Keywords: univar`
		2352	`>`
		2353	`> ### ** Examples`
		2354	`>`
		2355	`> set.seed(1)`
		2356	`> x <- stats::rnorm(1111)`
		2357	`> nclass.Sturges(x)`
		2358	`[1] 12`
		2359	`>`
		2360	`> ## Compare them:`
		2361	`> NC <- function(x) c(Sturges = nclass.Sturges(x),`
		2362	`+ Scott = nclass.scott(x), FD = nclass.FD(x))`
		2363	`> NC(x)`
		2364	`Sturges Scott FD`
		2365	`12 20 26`
		2366	`> onePt <- rep(1, 11)`
		2367	`> NC(onePt) # no longer gives NaN`
		2368	`Sturges Scott FD`
		2369	`5 1 1`
		2370	`>`
		2371	`>`
		2372	`>`
		2373	`> cleanEx()`
		2374	`> nameEx("palette")`
		2375	`> ### * palette`
		2376	`>`
		2377	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2378	`>`
		2379	`> ### Name: palette`
		2380	`> ### Title: Set or View the Graphics Palette`
		2381	`> ### Aliases: palette`
		2382	`> ### Keywords: color sysdata`
		2383	`>`
		2384	`> ### ** Examples`
		2385	`>`
		2386	`> require(graphics)`
		2387	`>`
		2388	`> palette() # obtain the current palette`
		2389	`[1] "black" "red" "green3" "blue" "cyan" "magenta" "yellow"`
		2390	`[8] "gray"`
		2391	`> palette(rainbow(6)) # six color rainbow`
		2392	`>`
61157	ripley	2393	`> (palette(gray(seq(0,.9,len = 25)))) # gray scales; print old palette`
56186	murdoch	2394	`[1] "red" "yellow" "green" "cyan" "blue" "magenta"`
61169	ripley	2395	`> matplot(outer(1:100, 1:30), type = "l", lty = 1,lwd = 2, col = 1:30,`
56186	murdoch	2396	`+ main = "Gray Scales Palette",`
61169	ripley	2397	`+ sub = "palette(gray(seq(0, .9, len=25)))")`
56186	murdoch	2398	`> palette("default") # reset back to the default`
		2399	`>`
		2400	`> ## on a device where alpha-transparency is supported,`
		2401	`> ## use 'alpha = 0.3' transparency with the default palette :`
		2402	`> mycols <- adjustcolor(palette(), alpha.f = 0.3)`
		2403	`> opal <- palette(mycols)`
		2404	`> x <- rnorm(1000); xy <- cbind(x, 3*x + rnorm(1000))`
61157	ripley	2405	`> plot (xy, lwd = 2,`
56186	murdoch	2406	`+ main = "Alpha-Transparency Palette\n alpha = 0.3")`
		2407	`> xy[,1] <- -xy[,1]`
61157	ripley	2408	`> points(xy, col = 8, pch = 16, cex = 1.5)`
56186	murdoch	2409	`> palette("default")`
		2410	`>`
		2411	`>`
		2412	`>`
		2413	`> cleanEx()`
		2414	`> nameEx("palettes")`
		2415	`> ### * palettes`
		2416	`>`
		2417	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2418	`>`
		2419	`> ### Name: Palettes`
		2420	`> ### Title: Color Palettes`
		2421	`> ### Aliases: rainbow heat.colors terrain.colors topo.colors cm.colors`
		2422	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
		2423	`>`
		2424	`> ### ** Examples`
		2425	`>`
		2426	`> require(graphics)`
		2427	`> # A Color Wheel`
61169	ripley	2428	`> pie(rep(1, 12), col = rainbow(12))`
56186	murdoch	2429	`>`
		2430	`> ##------ Some palettes ------------`
		2431	`> demo.pal <-`
61157	ripley	2432	`+ function(n, border = if (n < 32) "light gray" else NA,`
61169	ripley	2433	`+ main = paste("color palettes; n=", n),`
56186	murdoch	2434	`+ ch.col = c("rainbow(n, start=.7, end=.1)", "heat.colors(n)",`
		2435	`+ "terrain.colors(n)", "topo.colors(n)",`
		2436	`+ "cm.colors(n)"))`
		2437	`+ {`
		2438	`+ nt <- length(ch.col)`
		2439	`+ i <- 1:n; j <- n / nt; d <- j/6; dy <- 2*d`
61157	ripley	2440	`+ plot(i, i+d, type = "n", yaxt = "n", ylab = "", main = main)`
56186	murdoch	2441	`+ for (k in 1:nt) {`
		2442	`+ rect(i-.5, (k-1)j+ dy, i+.4, kj,`
61157	ripley	2443	`+ col = eval(parse(text = ch.col[k])), border = border)`
		2444	`+ text(2j, k j + dy/4, ch.col[k])`
56186	murdoch	2445	`+ }`
		2446	`+ }`
		2447	`> n <- if(.Device == "postscript") 64 else 16`
		2448	`> # Since for screen, larger n may give color allocation problem`
		2449	`> demo.pal(n)`
		2450	`>`
		2451	`>`
		2452	`>`
		2453	`> cleanEx()`
		2454	`> nameEx("pdf")`
		2455	`> ### * pdf`
		2456	`>`
		2457	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2458	`>`
		2459	`> ### Name: pdf`
		2460	`> ### Title: PDF Graphics Device`
		2461	`> ### Aliases: pdf`
		2462	`> ### Keywords: device`
		2463	`>`
		2464	`> ### ** Examples`
		2465	`>`
		2466	`> ## Not run:`
		2467	`> ##D ## Test function for encodings`
61157	ripley	2468	`> ##D TestChars <- function(encoding = "ISOLatin1", ...)`
56186	murdoch	2469	`> ##D {`
61157	ripley	2470	`> ##D pdf(encoding = encoding, ...)`
		2471	`> ##D par(pty = "s")`
		2472	`> ##D plot(c(-1,16), c(-1,16), type = "n", xlab = "", ylab = "",`
		2473	`> ##D xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i")`
56186	murdoch	2474	`> ##D title(paste("Centred chars in encoding", encoding))`
61157	ripley	2475	`> ##D grid(17, 17, lty = 1)`
56186	murdoch	2476	`> ##D for(i in c(32:255)) {`
		2477	`> ##D x <- i %% 16`
		2478	`> ##D y <- i %/% 16`
61157	ripley	2479	`> ##D points(x, y, pch = i)`
56186	murdoch	2480	`> ##D }`
		2481	`> ##D dev.off()`
		2482	`> ##D }`
		2483	`> ##D ## there will be many warnings.`
		2484	`> ##D TestChars("ISOLatin2")`
		2485	`> ##D ## this does not view properly in older viewers.`
61157	ripley	2486	`> ##D TestChars("ISOLatin2", family = "URWHelvetica")`
56186	murdoch	2487	`> ##D ## works well for viewing in gs-based viewers, and often in xpdf.`
		2488	`> ## End(Not run)`
		2489	`>`
		2490	`>`
		2491	`> cleanEx()`
		2492	`> nameEx("pdf.options")`
		2493	`> ### * pdf.options`
		2494	`>`
		2495	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2496	`>`
		2497	`> ### Name: pdf.options`
		2498	`> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of pdf`
		2499	`> ### Aliases: pdf.options`
		2500	`> ### Keywords: device`
		2501	`>`
		2502	`> ### ** Examples`
		2503	`>`
		2504	`> pdf.options(bg = "pink")`
		2505	`> utils::str(pdf.options())`
56925	ripley	2506	`List of 18`
56186	murdoch	2507	`$ width : num 7`
		2508	`$ height : num 7`
		2509	`$ onefile : logi TRUE`
		2510	`$ family : chr "Helvetica"`
		2511	`$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"`
		2512	`$ fonts : NULL`
		2513	`$ version : chr "1.4"`
		2514	`$ paper : chr "special"`
		2515	`$ encoding : chr "default"`
		2516	`$ bg : chr "pink"`
		2517	`$ fg : chr "black"`
		2518	`$ pointsize : num 12`
		2519	`$ pagecentre : logi TRUE`
56808	ripley	2520	`$ colormodel : chr "srgb"`
56186	murdoch	2521	`$ useDingbats: logi TRUE`
		2522	`$ useKerning : logi TRUE`
		2523	`$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE`
		2524	`$ compress : logi TRUE`
		2525	`> pdf.options(reset = TRUE) # back to factory-fresh`
		2526	`>`
		2527	`>`
		2528	`>`
		2529	`> cleanEx()`
		2530	`> nameEx("pictex")`
		2531	`> ### * pictex`
		2532	`>`
		2533	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2534	`>`
		2535	`> ### Name: pictex`
		2536	`> ### Title: A PicTeX Graphics Driver`
		2537	`> ### Aliases: pictex`
		2538	`> ### Keywords: device`
		2539	`>`
		2540	`> ### ** Examples`
		2541	`>`
		2542	`> require(graphics)`
		2543	`>`
		2544	`> pictex()`
61169	ripley	2545	`> plot(1:11, (-5:5)^2, type = "b", main = "Simple Example Plot")`
56186	murdoch	2546	`> dev.off()`
56942	ripley	2547	`pdf`
		2548	`2`
56186	murdoch	2549	`> ##--------------------`
		2550	`> ## Not run:`
		2551	`> ##D %% LaTeX Example`
		2552	`> ##D \documentclass{article}`
		2553	`> ##D \usepackage{pictex}`
		2554	`> ##D \usepackage{graphics} % for \rotatebox`
		2555	`> ##D \begin{document}`
		2556	`> ##D %...`
		2557	`> ##D \begin{figure}[h]`
		2558	`> ##D \centerline{\input{Rplots.tex}}`
		2559	`> ##D \caption{}`
		2560	`> ##D \end{figure}`
		2561	`> ##D %...`
		2562	`> ##D \end{document}`
		2563	`> ## End(Not run)`
		2564	`> ##--------------------`
		2565	`> unlink("Rplots.tex")`
		2566	`>`
		2567	`>`
		2568	`>`
		2569	`> cleanEx()`
		2570	`> nameEx("plotmath")`
		2571	`> ### * plotmath`
		2572	`>`
		2573	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2574	`>`
		2575	`> ### Name: plotmath`
		2576	`> ### Title: Mathematical Annotation in R`
		2577	`> ### Aliases: plotmath symbol plain bold italic bolditalic hat bar dot ring`
		2578	`> ### widehat widetilde displaystyle textstyle scriptstyle`
		2579	`> ### scriptscriptstyle underline phantom over frac atop integral inf sup`
		2580	`> ### group bgroup`
		2581	`> ### Keywords: aplot`
		2582	`>`
		2583	`> ### ** Examples`
		2584	`>`
		2585	`> require(graphics)`
		2586	`>`
		2587	`> x <- seq(-4, 4, len = 101)`
		2588	`> y <- cbind(sin(x), cos(x))`
		2589	`> matplot(x, y, type = "l", xaxt = "n",`
		2590	`+ main = expression(paste(plain(sin) * phi, " and ",`
		2591	`+ plain(cos) * phi)),`
		2592	`+ ylab = expression("sin" * phi, "cos" * phi), # only 1st is taken`
		2593	`+ xlab = expression(paste("Phase Angle ", phi)),`
		2594	`+ col.main = "blue")`
		2595	`> axis(1, at = c(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi),`
		2596	`+ labels = expression(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi))`
		2597	`>`
		2598	`>`
		2599	`> ## How to combine "math" and numeric variables :`
		2600	`> plot(1:10, type="n", xlab="", ylab="", main = "plot math & numbers")`
		2601	`> theta <- 1.23 ; mtext(bquote(hat(theta) == .(theta)), line= .25)`
		2602	`> for(i in 2:9)`
61169	ripley	2603	`+ text(i, i+1, substitute(list(xi, eta) == group("(",list(x,y),")"),`
		2604	`+ list(x = i, y = i+1)))`
56186	murdoch	2605	`> ## note that both of these use calls rather than expressions.`
		2606	`> ##`
61169	ripley	2607	`> text(1, 10, "Derivatives:", adj = 0)`
		2608	`> text(1, 9.6, expression(`
		2609	`+ " first: {f * minute}(x) " == {f * minute}(x)), adj = 0)`
		2610	`> text(1, 9.0, expression(`
		2611	`+ " second: {f * second}(x) " == {f * second}(x)), adj = 0)`
56186	murdoch	2612	`>`
		2613	`>`
		2614	`> plot(1:10, 1:10)`
		2615	`> text(4, 9, expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y))`
		2616	`> text(4, 8.4, "expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y)",`
		2617	`+ cex = .8)`
		2618	`> text(4, 7, expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n)))`
		2619	`> text(4, 6.4, "expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n))",`
		2620	`+ cex = .8)`
		2621	`> text(8, 5, expression(paste(frac(1, sigmasqrt(2pi)), " ",`
		2622	`+ plain(e)^{frac(-(x-mu)^2, 2*sigma^2)})),`
		2623	`+ cex = 1.2)`
		2624	`>`
		2625	`> ## some other useful symbols`
		2626	`> plot.new(); plot.window(c(0,4), c(15,1))`
61169	ripley	2627	`> text(1, 1, "universal", adj = 0); text(2.5, 1, "\\042")`
56186	murdoch	2628	`> text(3, 1, expression(symbol("\042")))`
61169	ripley	2629	`> text(1, 2, "existential", adj = 0); text(2.5, 2, "\\044")`
56186	murdoch	2630	`> text(3, 2, expression(symbol("\044")))`
61169	ripley	2631	`> text(1, 3, "suchthat", adj = 0); text(2.5, 3, "\\047")`
56186	murdoch	2632	`> text(3, 3, expression(symbol("\047")))`
61169	ripley	2633	`> text(1, 4, "therefore", adj = 0); text(2.5, 4, "\\134")`
56186	murdoch	2634	`> text(3, 4, expression(symbol("\134")))`
61169	ripley	2635	`> text(1, 5, "perpendicular", adj = 0); text(2.5, 5, "\\136")`
56186	murdoch	2636	`> text(3, 5, expression(symbol("\136")))`
61169	ripley	2637	`> text(1, 6, "circlemultiply", adj = 0); text(2.5, 6, "\\304")`
56186	murdoch	2638	`> text(3, 6, expression(symbol("\304")))`
61169	ripley	2639	`> text(1, 7, "circleplus", adj = 0); text(2.5, 7, "\\305")`
56186	murdoch	2640	`> text(3, 7, expression(symbol("\305")))`
61169	ripley	2641	`> text(1, 8, "emptyset", adj = 0); text(2.5, 8, "\\306")`
56186	murdoch	2642	`> text(3, 8, expression(symbol("\306")))`
61169	ripley	2643	`> text(1, 9, "angle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 9, "\\320")`
56186	murdoch	2644	`> text(3, 9, expression(symbol("\320")))`
61169	ripley	2645	`> text(1, 10, "leftangle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 10, "\\341")`
56186	murdoch	2646	`> text(3, 10, expression(symbol("\341")))`
61169	ripley	2647	`> text(1, 11, "rightangle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 11, "\\361")`
56186	murdoch	2648	`> text(3, 11, expression(symbol("\361")))`
		2649	`>`
		2650	`>`
		2651	`>`
		2652	`> cleanEx()`
62771	ripley	2653	`> nameEx("png")`
		2654	`> ### * png`
		2655	`>`
		2656	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2657	`>`
		2658	`> ### Name: png`
		2659	`> ### Title: BMP, JPEG, PNG and TIFF graphics devices`
		2660	`> ### Aliases: png jpeg tiff bmp`
		2661	`> ### Keywords: device`
		2662	`>`
		2663	`> ### ** Examples`
		2664	`>`
		2665	`> ## these examples will work only if the devices are available`
		2666	`> ## and cairo or an X11 display or an OS X display is available.`
		2667	`>`
		2668	`> ## copy current plot to a (large) PNG file`
		2669	`> ## Not run: dev.print(png, file = "myplot.png", width = 1024, height = 768)`
		2670	`>`
		2671	`>`
		2672	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	2673	`> nameEx("postscriptFonts")`
		2674	`> ### * postscriptFonts`
		2675	`>`
		2676	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		2677	`>`
		2678	`> ### Name: postscriptFonts`
		2679	`> ### Title: PostScript and PDF Font Families`
		2680	`> ### Aliases: postscriptFonts pdfFonts`
		2681	`> ### Keywords: device`
		2682	`>`
		2683	`> ### ** Examples`
		2684	`>`
		2685	`> postscriptFonts()`
		2686	`$serif`
		2687	`$family`
		2688	`[1] "Times"`
		2689
		2690	`$metrics`
		2691	`[1] "Times-Roman.afm" "Times-Bold.afm" "Times-Italic.afm"`
		2692	`[4] "Times-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
		2693
		2694	`$encoding`
		2695	`[1] "default"`
		2696
		2697	`attr(,"class")`
		2698	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2699
		2700	`$sans`
		2701	`$family`
		2702	`[1] "Helvetica"`
		2703
		2704	`$metrics`
		2705	`[1] "Helvetica.afm" "Helvetica-Bold.afm"`
		2706	`[3] "Helvetica-Oblique.afm" "Helvetica-BoldOblique.afm"`
		2707	`[5] "Symbol.afm"`
		2708
		2709	`$encoding`
		2710	`[1] "default"`
		2711
		2712	`attr(,"class")`
		2713	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2714
		2715	`$mono`
		2716	`$family`
		2717	`[1] "Courier"`
		2718
		2719	`$metrics`
		2720	`[1] "Courier.afm" "Courier-Bold.afm"`
		2721	`[3] "Courier-Oblique.afm" "Courier-BoldOblique.afm"`
		2722	`[5] "Symbol.afm"`
		2723
		2724	`$encoding`
		2725	`[1] "default"`
		2726
		2727	`attr(,"class")`
		2728	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2729
		2730	`$AvantGarde`
		2731	`$family`
		2732	`[1] "AvantGarde"`
		2733
		2734	`$metrics`
		2735	`[1] "agw_____.afm" "agd_____.afm" "agwo____.afm" "agdo____.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
		2736
		2737	`$encoding`
		2738	`[1] "default"`
		2739
		2740	`attr(,"class")`
		2741	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2742
		2743	`$Bookman`
		2744	`$family`
		2745	`[1] "Bookman"`
		2746
		2747	`$metrics`
		2748	`[1] "bkl_____.afm" "bkd_____.afm" "bkli____.afm" "bkdi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
		2749
		2750	`$encoding`
		2751	`[1] "default"`
		2752
		2753	`attr(,"class")`
		2754	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2755
		2756	`$Courier`
		2757	`$family`
		2758	`[1] "Courier"`
		2759
		2760	`$metrics`
		2761	`[1] "Courier.afm" "Courier-Bold.afm"`
		2762	`[3] "Courier-Oblique.afm" "Courier-BoldOblique.afm"`
		2763	`[5] "Symbol.afm"`
		2764
		2765	`$encoding`
		2766	`[1] "default"`
		2767
		2768	`attr(,"class")`
		2769	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2770
		2771	`$Helvetica`
		2772	`$family`
		2773	`[1] "Helvetica"`
		2774
		2775	`$metrics`
		2776	`[1] "Helvetica.afm" "Helvetica-Bold.afm"`
		2777	`[3] "Helvetica-Oblique.afm" "Helvetica-BoldOblique.afm"`
		2778	`[5] "Symbol.afm"`
		2779
		2780	`$encoding`
		2781	`[1] "default"`
		2782
		2783	`attr(,"class")`
		2784	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2785
		2786	$`Helvetica-Narrow`
		2787	`$family`
		2788	`[1] "Helvetica-Narrow"`
		2789
		2790	`$metrics`
		2791	`[1] "hvn_____.afm" "hvnb____.afm" "hvno____.afm" "hvnbo___.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
		2792
		2793	`$encoding`
		2794	`[1] "default"`
		2795
		2796	`attr(,"class")`
		2797	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2798
		2799	`$NewCenturySchoolbook`
		2800	`$family`
		2801	`[1] "NewCenturySchoolbook"`
		2802
		2803	`$metrics`
		2804	`[1] "ncr_____.afm" "ncb_____.afm" "nci_____.afm" "ncbi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
		2805
		2806	`$encoding`
		2807	`[1] "default"`
		2808
		2809	`attr(,"class")`
		2810	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2811
		2812	`$Palatino`
		2813	`$family`
		2814	`[1] "Palatino"`
		2815
		2816	`$metrics`
		2817	`[1] "por_____.afm" "pob_____.afm" "poi_____.afm" "pobi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
		2818
		2819	`$encoding`
		2820	`[1] "default"`
		2821
		2822	`attr(,"class")`
		2823	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2824
		2825	`$Times`
		2826	`$family`
		2827	`[1] "Times"`
		2828
		2829	`$metrics`
		2830	`[1] "Times-Roman.afm" "Times-Bold.afm" "Times-Italic.afm"`
		2831	`[4] "Times-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"`
		2832
		2833	`$encoding`
		2834	`[1] "default"`
		2835
		2836	`attr(,"class")`
		2837	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2838
		2839	`$URWGothic`
		2840	`$family`
		2841	`[1] "URWGothic"`
		2842
		2843	`$metrics`
		2844	`[1] "a010013l.afm" "a010015l.afm" "a010033l.afm" "a010035l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2845
		2846	`$encoding`
		2847	`[1] "default"`
		2848
		2849	`attr(,"class")`
		2850	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2851
		2852	`$URWBookman`
		2853	`$family`
		2854	`[1] "URWBookman"`
		2855
		2856	`$metrics`
		2857	`[1] "b018012l.afm" "b018015l.afm" "b018032l.afm" "b018035l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2858
		2859	`$encoding`
		2860	`[1] "default"`
		2861
		2862	`attr(,"class")`
		2863	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2864
		2865	`$NimbusMon`
		2866	`$family`
		2867	`[1] "NimbusMon"`
		2868
		2869	`$metrics`
		2870	`[1] "n022003l.afm" "n022004l.afm" "n022023l.afm" "n022024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2871
		2872	`$encoding`
		2873	`[1] "default"`
		2874
		2875	`attr(,"class")`
		2876	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2877
		2878	`$NimbusSan`
		2879	`$family`
		2880	`[1] "NimbusSan"`
		2881
		2882	`$metrics`
		2883	`[1] "n019003l.afm" "n019004l.afm" "n019023l.afm" "n019024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2884
		2885	`$encoding`
		2886	`[1] "default"`
		2887
		2888	`attr(,"class")`
		2889	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2890
		2891	`$URWHelvetica`
		2892	`$family`
		2893	`[1] "URWHelvetica"`
		2894
		2895	`$metrics`
		2896	`[1] "n019003l.afm" "n019004l.afm" "n019023l.afm" "n019024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2897
		2898	`$encoding`
		2899	`[1] "default"`
		2900
		2901	`attr(,"class")`
		2902	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2903
		2904	`$NimbusSanCond`
		2905	`$family`
		2906	`[1] "NimbusSanCond"`
		2907
		2908	`$metrics`
		2909	`[1] "n019043l.afm" "n019044l.afm" "n019063l.afm" "n019064l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2910
		2911	`$encoding`
		2912	`[1] "default"`
		2913
		2914	`attr(,"class")`
		2915	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2916
		2917	`$CenturySch`
		2918	`$family`
		2919	`[1] "CenturySch"`
		2920
		2921	`$metrics`
		2922	`[1] "c059013l.afm" "c059016l.afm" "c059033l.afm" "c059036l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2923
		2924	`$encoding`
		2925	`[1] "default"`
		2926
		2927	`attr(,"class")`
		2928	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2929
		2930	`$URWPalladio`
		2931	`$family`
		2932	`[1] "URWPalladio"`
		2933
		2934	`$metrics`
		2935	`[1] "p052003l.afm" "p052004l.afm" "p052023l.afm" "p052024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2936
		2937	`$encoding`
		2938	`[1] "default"`
		2939
		2940	`attr(,"class")`
		2941	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2942
		2943	`$NimbusRom`
		2944	`$family`
		2945	`[1] "NimbusRom"`
		2946
		2947	`$metrics`
		2948	`[1] "n021003l.afm" "n021004l.afm" "n021023l.afm" "n021024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2949
		2950	`$encoding`
		2951	`[1] "default"`
		2952
		2953	`attr(,"class")`
		2954	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2955
		2956	`$URWTimes`
		2957	`$family`
		2958	`[1] "URWTimes"`
		2959
		2960	`$metrics`
		2961	`[1] "n021003l.afm" "n021004l.afm" "n021023l.afm" "n021024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"`
		2962
		2963	`$encoding`
		2964	`[1] "default"`
		2965
		2966	`attr(,"class")`
		2967	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2968
		2969	`$ComputerModern`
		2970	`$family`
		2971	`[1] "ComputerModern"`
		2972
		2973	`$metrics`
		2974	`[1] "CM_regular_10.afm" "CM_boldx_10.afm" "CM_italic_10.afm"`
		2975	`[4] "CM_boldx_italic_10.afm" "CM_symbol_10.afm"`
		2976
		2977	`$encoding`
		2978	`[1] "TeXtext.enc"`
		2979
		2980	`attr(,"class")`
		2981	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2982
		2983	`$ComputerModernItalic`
		2984	`$family`
		2985	`[1] "ComputerModernItalic"`
		2986
		2987	`$metrics`
		2988	`[1] "CM_regular_10.afm" "CM_boldx_10.afm" "cmti10.afm"`
		2989	`[4] "cmbxti10.afm" "CM_symbol_10.afm"`
		2990
		2991	`$encoding`
		2992	`[1] "TeXtext.enc"`
		2993
		2994	`attr(,"class")`
		2995	`[1] "Type1Font"`
		2996
		2997	`$Japan1`
		2998	`$family`
		2999	`[1] "HeiseiKakuGo-W5"`
		3000
		3001	`$metrics`
		3002	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3003
		3004	`$cmap`
		3005	`[1] "EUC-H"`
		3006
		3007	`$cmapEncoding`
		3008	`[1] "EUC-JP"`
		3009
		3010	`$pdfresource`
		3011	`[1] ""`
		3012
		3013	`attr(,"class")`
		3014	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3015
		3016	`$Japan1HeiMin`
		3017	`$family`
		3018	`[1] "HeiseiMin-W3"`
		3019
		3020	`$metrics`
		3021	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3022
		3023	`$cmap`
		3024	`[1] "EUC-H"`
		3025
		3026	`$cmapEncoding`
		3027	`[1] "EUC-JP"`
		3028
		3029	`$pdfresource`
		3030	`[1] ""`
		3031
		3032	`attr(,"class")`
		3033	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3034
		3035	`$Japan1GothicBBB`
		3036	`$family`
		3037	`[1] "GothicBBB-Medium"`
		3038
		3039	`$metrics`
		3040	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3041
		3042	`$cmap`
		3043	`[1] "EUC-H"`
		3044
		3045	`$cmapEncoding`
		3046	`[1] "EUC-JP"`
		3047
		3048	`$pdfresource`
		3049	`[1] ""`
		3050
		3051	`attr(,"class")`
		3052	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3053
		3054	`$Japan1Ryumin`
		3055	`$family`
		3056	`[1] "Ryumin-Light"`
		3057
		3058	`$metrics`
		3059	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3060
		3061	`$cmap`
		3062	`[1] "EUC-H"`
		3063
		3064	`$cmapEncoding`
		3065	`[1] "EUC-JP"`
		3066
		3067	`$pdfresource`
		3068	`[1] ""`
		3069
		3070	`attr(,"class")`
		3071	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3072
		3073	`$Korea1`
		3074	`$family`
		3075	`[1] "Baekmuk-Batang"`
		3076
		3077	`$metrics`
		3078	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3079
		3080	`$cmap`
		3081	`[1] "KSCms-UHC-H"`
		3082
		3083	`$cmapEncoding`
		3084	`[1] "CP949"`
		3085
		3086	`$pdfresource`
		3087	`[1] ""`
		3088
		3089	`attr(,"class")`
		3090	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3091
		3092	`$Korea1deb`
		3093	`$family`
		3094	`[1] "Batang-Regular"`
		3095
		3096	`$metrics`
		3097	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3098
		3099	`$cmap`
		3100	`[1] "KSCms-UHC-H"`
		3101
		3102	`$cmapEncoding`
		3103	`[1] "CP949"`
		3104
		3105	`$pdfresource`
		3106	`[1] ""`
		3107
		3108	`attr(,"class")`
		3109	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3110
		3111	`$CNS1`
		3112	`$family`
		3113	`[1] "MOESung-Regular"`
		3114
		3115	`$metrics`
		3116	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3117
		3118	`$cmap`
		3119	`[1] "B5pc-H"`
		3120
		3121	`$cmapEncoding`
		3122	`[1] "CP950"`
		3123
		3124	`$pdfresource`
		3125	`[1] ""`
		3126
		3127	`attr(,"class")`
		3128	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3129
		3130	`$GB1`
		3131	`$family`
		3132	`[1] "BousungEG-Light-GB"`
		3133
		3134	`$metrics`
		3135	`[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"`
		3136
		3137	`$cmap`
		3138	`[1] "GBK-EUC-H"`
		3139
		3140	`$cmapEncoding`
		3141	`[1] "GBK"`
		3142
		3143	`$pdfresource`
		3144	`[1] ""`
		3145
		3146	`attr(,"class")`
		3147	`[1] "CIDFont"`
		3148
		3149	`> ## This duplicates "ComputerModernItalic".`
		3150	`> CMitalic <- Type1Font("ComputerModern2",`
		3151	`+ c("CM_regular_10.afm", "CM_boldx_10.afm",`
		3152	`+ "cmti10.afm", "cmbxti10.afm",`
		3153	`+ "CM_symbol_10.afm"),`
		3154	`+ encoding = "TeXtext.enc")`
		3155	`> postscriptFonts(CMitalic = CMitalic)`
		3156	`>`
		3157	`> ## A CID font for Japanese using a different CMap and`
		3158	`> ## corresponding cmapEncoding.`
		3159	> `Jp_UCS-2` <- CIDFont("TestUCS2",
		3160	`+ c("Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",`
		3161	`+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",`
		3162	`+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",`
		3163	`+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm"),`
		3164	`+ "UniJIS-UCS2-H", "UCS-2")`
		3165	> pdfFonts(`Jp_UCS-2` = `Jp_UCS-2`)
		3166	`> names(pdfFonts())`
		3167	`[1] "serif" "sans" "mono"`
		3168	`[4] "AvantGarde" "Bookman" "Courier"`
		3169	`[7] "Helvetica" "Helvetica-Narrow" "NewCenturySchoolbook"`
		3170	`[10] "Palatino" "Times" "URWGothic"`
		3171	`[13] "URWBookman" "NimbusMon" "NimbusSan"`
		3172	`[16] "URWHelvetica" "NimbusSanCond" "CenturySch"`
		3173	`[19] "URWPalladio" "NimbusRom" "URWTimes"`
		3174	`[22] "Japan1" "Japan1HeiMin" "Japan1GothicBBB"`
		3175	`[25] "Japan1Ryumin" "Korea1" "Korea1deb"`
		3176	`[28] "CNS1" "GB1" "Jp_UCS-2"`
		3177	`>`
		3178	`>`
		3179	`>`
		3180	`> cleanEx()`
		3181	`> nameEx("pretty.Date")`
		3182	`> ### * pretty.Date`
		3183	`>`
		3184	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3185	`>`
		3186	`> ### Name: pretty.Date`
		3187	`> ### Title: Pretty Breakpoints for Date-Time Classes`
		3188	`> ### Aliases: pretty.Date pretty.POSIXt`
		3189	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		3190	`>`
		3191	`> ### ** Examples`
		3192	`>`
		3193	`>`
		3194	`> steps <-`
		3195	`+ list("10 secs", "1 min", "5 mins", "30 mins", "6 hours", "12 hours",`
		3196	`+ "1 DSTday", "2 weeks", "1 month", "6 months", "1 year",`
		3197	`+ "10 years", "50 years", "1000 years")`
		3198	`>`
		3199	`> names(steps) <- paste("span =", unlist(steps))`
		3200	`>`
		3201	`> x <- as.POSIXct("2002-02-02 02:02")`
		3202	`> lapply(steps,`
		3203	`+ function(s) {`
		3204	`+ at <- pretty(seq(x, by = s, length = 2), n = 5)`
		3205	`+ attr(at, "labels")`
		3206	`+ })`
		3207	$`span = 10 secs`
		3208	`[1] "00" "02" "04" "06" "08" "10"`
		3209
		3210	$`span = 1 min`
		3211	`[1] "00" "10" "20" "30" "40" "50" "00"`
		3212
		3213	$`span = 5 mins`
		3214	`[1] "02:02" "02:03" "02:04" "02:05" "02:06" "02:07"`
		3215
		3216	$`span = 30 mins`
		3217	`[1] "02:05" "02:10" "02:15" "02:20" "02:25" "02:30"`
		3218
		3219	$`span = 6 hours`
		3220	`[1] "03:00" "04:00" "05:00" "06:00" "07:00" "08:00"`
		3221
		3222	$`span = 12 hours`
		3223	`[1] "03:00" "06:00" "09:00" "12:00"`
		3224
		3225	$`span = 1 DSTday`
		3226	`[1] "Feb 02 06:00" "Feb 02 12:00" "Feb 02 18:00" "Feb 03 00:00"`
		3227
		3228	$`span = 2 weeks`
		3229	`[1] "Feb 04" "Feb 06" "Feb 08" "Feb 10" "Feb 12" "Feb 14" "Feb 16"`
		3230
		3231	$`span = 1 month`
		3232	`[1] "Feb 04" "Feb 11" "Feb 18" "Feb 25"`
		3233
		3234	$`span = 6 months`
		3235	`[1] "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug"`
		3236
		3237	$`span = 1 year`
		3238	`[1] "Apr" "Jul" "Oct" "Jan"`
		3239
		3240	$`span = 10 years`
		3241	`[1] "2004" "2006" "2008" "2010" "2012"`
		3242
		3243	$`span = 50 years`
		3244	`[1] "2010" "2020" "2030" "2040" "2050"`
		3245
		3246	$`span = 1000 years`
		3247	`[1] "2200" "2400" "2600" "2800" "3000"`
		3248
		3249	`>`
		3250	`>`
		3251	`>`
		3252	`>`
		3253	`> cleanEx()`
		3254	`> nameEx("ps.options")`
		3255	`> ### * ps.options`
		3256	`>`
		3257	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3258	`>`
		3259	`> ### Name: ps.options`
		3260	`> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of`
		3261	`> ### postscript`
		3262	`> ### Aliases: ps.options setEPS setPS`
		3263	`> ### Keywords: device`
		3264	`>`
		3265	`> ### ** Examples`
		3266	`>`
		3267	`> ps.options(bg = "pink")`
		3268	`> utils::str(ps.options())`
		3269	`List of 18`
		3270	`$ onefile : logi TRUE`
		3271	`$ family : chr "Helvetica"`
		3272	`$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"`
		3273	`$ fonts : NULL`
		3274	`$ encoding : chr "default"`
		3275	`$ bg : chr "pink"`
		3276	`$ fg : chr "black"`
56942	ripley	3277	`$ width : num 0`
		3278	`$ height : num 0`
56186	murdoch	3279	`$ horizontal : logi TRUE`
		3280	`$ pointsize : num 12`
56942	ripley	3281	`$ paper : chr "default"`
56186	murdoch	3282	`$ pagecentre : logi TRUE`
		3283	`$ print.it : logi FALSE`
		3284	`$ command : chr "default"`
56943	ripley	3285	`$ colormodel : chr "srgb"`
56186	murdoch	3286	`$ useKerning : logi TRUE`
		3287	`$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE`
		3288	`>`
		3289	`> ### ---- error checking of arguments: ----`
61157	ripley	3290	`> ps.options(width = 0:12, onefile = 0, bg = pi)`
56186	murdoch	3291	`Warning: ‘mode(onefile)’ and ‘mode(bg)’ differ between new and previous`
		3292	`==> NOT changing ‘onefile’ & ‘bg’`
		3293	`Warning: ‘length(width)’ differs between new and previous`
		3294	`==> NOT changing ‘width’`
		3295	`> # override the check for 'width', but not 'bg':`
61157	ripley	3296	`> ps.options(width = 0:12, bg = pi, override.check = c(TRUE,FALSE))`
56186	murdoch	3297	`Warning: ‘mode(bg)’ differs between new and previous`
		3298	`==> NOT changing ‘bg’`
		3299	`Warning: ‘length(width)’ differs between new and previous`
		3300	`> utils::str(ps.options())`
		3301	`List of 18`
		3302	`$ onefile : logi TRUE`
		3303	`$ family : chr "Helvetica"`
		3304	`$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"`
		3305	`$ fonts : NULL`
		3306	`$ encoding : chr "default"`
		3307	`$ bg : chr "pink"`
		3308	`$ fg : chr "black"`
		3309	`$ width : int [1:13] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...`
56942	ripley	3310	`$ height : num 0`
56186	murdoch	3311	`$ horizontal : logi TRUE`
		3312	`$ pointsize : num 12`
56942	ripley	3313	`$ paper : chr "default"`
56186	murdoch	3314	`$ pagecentre : logi TRUE`
		3315	`$ print.it : logi FALSE`
		3316	`$ command : chr "default"`
56943	ripley	3317	`$ colormodel : chr "srgb"`
56186	murdoch	3318	`$ useKerning : logi TRUE`
		3319	`$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE`
		3320	`> ps.options(reset = TRUE) # back to factory-fresh`
		3321	`>`
		3322	`>`
		3323	`>`
		3324	`> cleanEx()`
62771	ripley	3325	`> nameEx("quartz")`
		3326	`> ### * quartz`
		3327	`>`
		3328	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3329	`>`
		3330	`> ### Name: quartz`
		3331	`> ### Title: OS X Quartz Device`
		3332	`> ### Aliases: quartz quartz.options quartz.save`
		3333	`> ### Keywords: device`
		3334	`>`
		3335	`> ### ** Examples`
		3336	`> ## Not run:`
		3337	`> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults`
		3338	`> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),`
		3339	`> ##D function(...) grDevices::quartz.options(width = 8, height = 6,`
		3340	`> ##D pointsize = 10))`
		3341	`> ## End(Not run)`
		3342	`>`
		3343	`>`
		3344	`> cleanEx()`
		3345	`> nameEx("quartzFonts")`
		3346	`> ### * quartzFonts`
		3347	`>`
		3348	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3349	`>`
		3350	`> ### Name: quartzFonts`
		3351	`> ### Title: quartz Fonts`
		3352	`> ### Aliases: quartzFont quartzFonts`
		3353	`> ### Keywords: device`
		3354	`>`
		3355	`> ### ** Examples`
		3356	`>`
		3357	`> quartzFonts()`
		3358	`$serif`
		3359	`[1] "Times-Roman" "Times-Bold" "Times-Italic" "Times-BoldItalic"`
		3360
		3361	`$sans`
		3362	`[1] "Helvetica" "Helvetica-Bold" "Helvetica-Oblique"`
		3363	`[4] "Helvetica-BoldOblique"`
		3364
		3365	`$mono`
		3366	`[1] "Courier" "Courier-Bold" "Courier-Oblique"`
		3367	`[4] "Courier-BoldOblique"`
		3368
		3369	`> quartzFonts("mono")`
		3370	`$mono`
		3371	`[1] "Courier" "Courier-Bold" "Courier-Oblique"`
		3372	`[4] "Courier-BoldOblique"`
		3373
		3374	`> ## Not run:`
		3375	`> ##D ## for CJK locales you can use something like`
		3376	`> ##D quartzFonts(sans = quartzFont(rep("AppleGothic", 4)),`
		3377	`> ##D serif = quartzFont(rep("AppleMyungjp", 4)))`
		3378	`> ##D ## since the default fonts may well not have the glyphs needed`
		3379	`> ## End(Not run)`
		3380	`>`
		3381	`>`
		3382	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	3383	`> nameEx("recordGraphics")`
		3384	`> ### * recordGraphics`
		3385	`>`
		3386	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3387	`>`
		3388	`> ### Name: recordGraphics`
		3389	`> ### Title: Record Graphics Operations`
		3390	`> ### Aliases: recordGraphics`
		3391	`> ### Keywords: device`
		3392	`>`
		3393	`> ### ** Examples`
		3394	`>`
		3395	`> require(graphics)`
		3396	`>`
		3397	`> plot(1:10)`
		3398	`> # This rectangle remains 1inch wide when the device is resized`
		3399	`> recordGraphics(`
		3400	`+ {`
		3401	`+ rect(4, 2,`
		3402	`+ 4 + diff(par("usr")[1:2])/par("pin")[1], 3)`
		3403	`+ },`
		3404	`+ list(),`
		3405	`+ getNamespace("graphics"))`
		3406	`>`
		3407	`>`
		3408	`>`
		3409	`> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))`
		3410	`> cleanEx()`
		3411	`> nameEx("rgb")`
		3412	`> ### * rgb`
		3413	`>`
		3414	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3415	`>`
		3416	`> ### Name: rgb`
		3417	`> ### Title: RGB Color Specification`
		3418	`> ### Aliases: rgb`
		3419	`> ### Keywords: color`
		3420	`>`
		3421	`> ### ** Examples`
		3422	`>`
61169	ripley	3423	`> rgb(0, 1, 0)`
56186	murdoch	3424	`[1] "#00FF00"`
		3425	`>`
61157	ripley	3426	`> rgb((0:15)/15, green = 0, blue = 0, names = paste("red", 0:15, sep = "."))`
56186	murdoch	3427	`red.0 red.1 red.2 red.3 red.4 red.5 red.6 red.7`
		3428	`"#000000" "#110000" "#220000" "#330000" "#440000" "#550000" "#660000" "#770000"`
		3429	`red.8 red.9 red.10 red.11 red.12 red.13 red.14 red.15`
		3430	`"#880000" "#990000" "#AA0000" "#BB0000" "#CC0000" "#DD0000" "#EE0000" "#FF0000"`
		3431	`>`
61169	ripley	3432	`> rgb(0, 0:12, 0, max = 255) # integer input`
56186	murdoch	3433	`[1] "#000000" "#000100" "#000200" "#000300" "#000400" "#000500" "#000600"`
		3434	`[8] "#000700" "#000800" "#000900" "#000A00" "#000B00" "#000C00"`
		3435	`>`
		3436	`> ramp <- colorRamp(c("red", "white"))`
		3437	`> rgb( ramp(seq(0, 1, length = 5)), max = 255)`
		3438	`[1] "#FF0000" "#FF3F3F" "#FF7F7F" "#FFBFBF" "#FFFFFF"`
		3439	`>`
		3440	`>`
		3441	`>`
		3442	`> cleanEx()`
		3443	`> nameEx("rgb2hsv")`
		3444	`> ### * rgb2hsv`
		3445	`>`
		3446	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3447	`>`
		3448	`> ### Name: rgb2hsv`
		3449	`> ### Title: RGB to HSV Conversion`
		3450	`> ### Aliases: rgb2hsv`
		3451	`> ### Keywords: color dplot`
		3452	`>`
		3453	`> ### ** Examples`
		3454	`>`
		3455	`> ## These (saturated, bright ones) only differ by hue`
		3456	`> (rc <- col2rgb(c("red", "yellow","green","cyan", "blue", "magenta")))`
		3457	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]`
		3458	`red 255 255 0 0 0 255`
		3459	`green 0 255 255 255 0 0`
		3460	`blue 0 0 0 255 255 255`
		3461	`> (hc <- rgb2hsv(rc))`
		3462	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]`
		3463	`h 0 0.1666667 0.3333333 0.5 0.6666667 0.8333333`
		3464	`s 1 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0 1.0000000 1.0000000`
		3465	`v 1 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0 1.0000000 1.0000000`
		3466	`> 6 * hc["h",] # the hues are equispaced`
		3467	`[1] 0 1 2 3 4 5`
		3468	`>`
		3469	`> ## Don't show:`
		3470	`> set.seed(151)`
		3471	`> ## End Don't show`
61169	ripley	3472	`> (rgb3 <- floor(256 * matrix(stats::runif(3*12), 3, 12)))`
56186	murdoch	3473	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]`
		3474	`[1,] 122 137 116 244 20 153 191 250 134 117 27 202`
		3475	`[2,] 221 113 210 200 218 151 64 182 195 103 218 254`
		3476	`[3,] 199 157 88 76 39 91 80 146 22 105 17 239`
		3477	`> (hsv3 <- rgb2hsv(rgb3))`
		3478	`[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]`
		3479	`h 0.4629630 0.7575758 0.2950820 0.1230159 0.3493266 0.1612903 0.9790026`
		3480	`s 0.4479638 0.2802548 0.5809524 0.6885246 0.9082569 0.4052288 0.6649215`
		3481	`v 0.8666667 0.6156863 0.8235294 0.9568627 0.8549020 0.6000000 0.7490196`
		3482	`[,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]`
		3483	`h 0.05769231 0.2254335 0.9761905 0.3250415 0.4519231`
		3484	`s 0.41600000 0.8871795 0.1196581 0.9220183 0.2047244`
		3485	`v 0.98039216 0.7647059 0.4588235 0.8549020 0.9960784`
		3486	`> ## Consistency :`
61157	ripley	3487	`> stopifnot(rgb3 == col2rgb(hsv(h = hsv3[1,], s = hsv3[2,], v = hsv3[3,])),`
56186	murdoch	3488	`+ all.equal(hsv3, rgb2hsv(rgb3/255, maxColorValue = 1)))`
		3489	`>`
		3490	`> ## A (simplified) pure R version -- originally by Wolfram Fischer --`
		3491	`> ## showing the exact algorithm:`
		3492	`> rgb2hsvR <- function(rgb, gamma = 1, maxColorValue = 255)`
		3493	`+ {`
		3494	`+ if(!is.numeric(rgb)) stop("rgb matrix must be numeric")`
		3495	`+ d <- dim(rgb)`
		3496	`+ if(d[1] != 3) stop("rgb matrix must have 3 rows")`
		3497	`+ n <- d[2]`
61169	ripley	3498	`+ if(n == 0) return(cbind(c(h = 1, s = 1, v = 1))[,0])`
56186	murdoch	3499	`+ rgb <- rgb/maxColorValue`
		3500	`+ if(gamma != 1) rgb <- rgb ^ (1/gamma)`
		3501	`+`
		3502	`+ ## get the max and min`
		3503	`+ v <- apply( rgb, 2, max)`
		3504	`+ s <- apply( rgb, 2, min)`
		3505	`+ D <- v - s # range`
		3506	`+`
		3507	`+ ## set hue to zero for undefined values (gray has no hue)`
		3508	`+ h <- numeric(n)`
		3509	`+ notgray <- ( s != v )`
		3510	`+`
		3511	`+ ## blue hue`
		3512	`+ idx <- (v == rgb[3,] & notgray )`
		3513	`+ if (any (idx))`
		3514	`+ h[idx] <- 2/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[1,idx] - rgb[2,idx]) / D[idx]`
		3515	`+ ## green hue`
		3516	`+ idx <- (v == rgb[2,] & notgray )`
		3517	`+ if (any (idx))`
		3518	`+ h[idx] <- 1/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[3,idx] - rgb[1,idx]) / D[idx]`
		3519	`+ ## red hue`
		3520	`+ idx <- (v == rgb[1,] & notgray )`
		3521	`+ if (any (idx))`
		3522	`+ h[idx] <- 1/6 * (rgb[2,idx] - rgb[3,idx]) / D[idx]`
		3523	`+`
		3524	`+ ## correct for negative red`
		3525	`+ idx <- (h < 0)`
		3526	`+ h[idx] <- 1+h[idx]`
		3527	`+`
		3528	`+ ## set the saturation`
		3529	`+ s[! notgray] <- 0;`
		3530	`+ s[notgray] <- 1 - s[notgray] / v[notgray]`
		3531	`+`
61157	ripley	3532	`+ rbind( h = h, s = s, v = v )`
56186	murdoch	3533	`+ }`
		3534	`>`
		3535	`> ## confirm the equivalence:`
		3536	`> all.equal(rgb2hsv (rgb3),`
61157	ripley	3537	`+ rgb2hsvR(rgb3), tol = 1e-14) # TRUE`
56186	murdoch	3538	`[1] TRUE`
		3539	`>`
		3540	`>`
		3541	`>`
		3542	`> cleanEx()`
		3543	`> nameEx("trans3d")`
		3544	`> ### * trans3d`
		3545	`>`
		3546	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3547	`>`
		3548	`> ### Name: trans3d`
		3549	`> ### Title: 3D to 2D Transformation for Perspective Plots`
		3550	`> ### Aliases: trans3d`
		3551	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		3552	`>`
		3553	`> ### ** Examples`
		3554	`>`
		3555	`> ## See help(persp) {after attaching the 'graphics' package}`
		3556	`> ## -----------`
		3557	`>`
		3558	`>`
		3559	`>`
		3560	`> cleanEx()`
62771	ripley	3561	`> nameEx("x11")`
		3562	`> ### * x11`
		3563	`>`
		3564	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3565	`>`
		3566	`> ### Name: x11`
		3567	`> ### Title: X Window System Graphics`
		3568	`> ### Aliases: x11 X11 X11.options`
		3569	`> ### Keywords: device`
		3570	`>`
		3571	`> ### ** Examples`
		3572	`> ## Not run:`
		3573	`> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults`
		3574	`> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),`
		3575	`> ##D function(...) grDevices::X11.options(width = 8, height = 6, xpos = 0,`
		3576	`> ##D pointsize = 10))`
		3577	`> ## End(Not run)`
		3578	`>`
		3579	`>`
		3580	`> cleanEx()`
		3581	`> nameEx("x11Fonts")`
		3582	`> ### * x11Fonts`
		3583	`>`
		3584	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3585	`>`
		3586	`> ### Name: X11Fonts`
		3587	`> ### Title: X11 Fonts`
		3588	`> ### Aliases: X11Font X11Fonts`
		3589	`> ### Keywords: device`
		3590	`>`
		3591	`> ### ** Examples`
		3592	`>`
		3593	`> X11Fonts()`
		3594	`$serif`
		3595	`[1] "--times-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		3596
		3597	`$sans`
		3598	`[1] "--helvetica-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		3599
		3600	`$mono`
		3601	`[1] "--courier-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		3602
		3603	`$Times`
		3604	`[1] "-adobe-times-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		3605
		3606	`$Helvetica`
		3607	`[1] "-adobe-helvetica-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		3608
		3609	`$CyrTimes`
		3610	`[1] "-cronyx-times-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		3611
		3612	`$CyrHelvetica`
		3613	`[1] "-cronyx-helvetica-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		3614
		3615	`$Arial`
		3616	`[1] "-monotype-arial-%s-%s---%d-------*"`
		3617
		3618	`$Mincho`
		3619	`[1] "--mincho-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		3620
		3621	`> X11Fonts("mono")`
		3622	`$mono`
		3623	`[1] "--courier-%s-%s---%d-------"`
		3624
		3625	`> utopia <- X11Font("--utopia------------*")`
		3626	`> X11Fonts(utopia = utopia)`
		3627	`>`
		3628	`>`
		3629	`>`
		3630	`> cleanEx()`
56186	murdoch	3631	`> nameEx("xy.coords")`
		3632	`> ### * xy.coords`
		3633	`>`
		3634	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3635	`>`
		3636	`> ### Name: xy.coords`
		3637	`> ### Title: Extracting Plotting Structures`
		3638	`> ### Aliases: xy.coords`
		3639	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		3640	`>`
		3641	`> ### ** Examples`
		3642	`>`
		3643	`> xy.coords(stats::fft(c(1:9)), NULL)`
		3644	`$x`
		3645	`[1] 45.0 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5`
		3646
		3647	`$y`
		3648	`[1] 0.0000000 12.3636484 5.3628912 2.5980762 0.7934714 -0.7934714`
		3649	`[7] -2.5980762 -5.3628912 -12.3636484`
		3650
		3651	`$xlab`
		3652	`[1] "Re()"`
		3653
		3654	`$ylab`
		3655	`[1] "Im()"`
		3656
		3657	`>`
		3658	`> with(cars, xy.coords(dist ~ speed, NULL)$xlab ) # = "speed"`
		3659	`[1] "speed"`
		3660	`>`
61157	ripley	3661	`> xy.coords(1:3, 1:2, recycle = TRUE)`
56186	murdoch	3662	`$x`
		3663	`[1] 1 2 3`
		3664
		3665	`$y`
		3666	`[1] 1 2 1`
		3667
		3668	`$xlab`
		3669	`NULL`
		3670
		3671	`$ylab`
		3672	`NULL`
		3673
61157	ripley	3674	`> xy.coords(-2:10, NULL, log = "y")`
56186	murdoch	3675	`Warning in xy.coords(-2:10, NULL, log = "y") :`
		3676	`3 y values <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot`
		3677	`$x`
		3678	`[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13`
		3679
		3680	`$y`
		3681	`[1] NA NA NA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10`
		3682
		3683	`$xlab`
		3684	`[1] "Index"`
		3685
		3686	`$ylab`
		3687	`NULL`
		3688
61157	ripley	3689	`> ##> warning: 3 y values <= 0 omitted ..`
56186	murdoch	3690	`>`
		3691	`>`
		3692	`>`
		3693	`> cleanEx()`
		3694	`> nameEx("xyTable")`
		3695	`> ### * xyTable`
		3696	`>`
		3697	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3698	`>`
		3699	`> ### Name: xyTable`
		3700	`> ### Title: Multiplicities of (x,y) Points, e.g., for a Sunflower Plot`
		3701	`> ### Aliases: xyTable`
		3702	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		3703	`>`
		3704	`> ### ** Examples`
		3705	`>`
61169	ripley	3706	`> xyTable(iris[, 3:4], digits = 6)`
56186	murdoch	3707	`$x`
		3708	`[1] 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7`
		3709	`[19] 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1`
		3710	`[37] 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7`
		3711	`[55] 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2`
		3712	`[73] 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9`
		3713	`[91] 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.9`
		3714
		3715	`$y`
		3716	`[1] 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.3`
		3717	`[19] 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3`
		3718	`[37] 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6`
		3719	`[55] 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3`
		3720	`[73] 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1`
		3721	`[91] 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3`
		3722
		3723	`$number`
		3724	`[1] 1 1 2 4 2 1 2 8 3 2 7 1 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1`
		3725	`[38] 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1`
		3726	`[75] 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1`
		3727
		3728	`>`
		3729	`> ## Discretized uncorrelated Gaussian:`
		3730	`> ## Don't show:`
		3731	`> set.seed(1)`
		3732	`> ## End Don't show`
		3733	`> require(stats)`
		3734	`> xy <- data.frame(x = round(sort(rnorm(100))), y = rnorm(100))`
		3735	`> xyTable(xy, digits = 1)`
		3736	`$x`
		3737	`[1] -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0`
		3738	`[26] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1`
		3739	`[51] 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2`
		3740
		3741	`$y`
		3742	`[1] -0.90 -0.60 0.04 0.20 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.40`
		3743	`[13] 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.00 2.00 -2.00 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50`
		3744	`[25] -0.30 -0.20 -0.07 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.02 0.06 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70`
		3745	`[37] 0.90 1.00 2.00 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 -0.08`
		3746	`[49] -0.03 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.50 0.80 1.00 2.00 -1.00 -0.40 0.40 1.00`
		3747
		3748	`$number`
		3749	`[1] 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3`
		3750	`[39] 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 3 1 1 1`
		3751
		3752	`>`
		3753	`>`
		3754	`>`
		3755	`> cleanEx()`
		3756	`> nameEx("xyz.coords")`
		3757	`> ### * xyz.coords`
		3758	`>`
		3759	`> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())`
		3760	`>`
		3761	`> ### Name: xyz.coords`
		3762	`> ### Title: Extracting Plotting Structures`
		3763	`> ### Aliases: xyz.coords`
		3764	`> ### Keywords: dplot`
		3765	`>`
		3766	`> ### ** Examples`
		3767	`>`
		3768	`> xyz.coords(data.frame(10*1:9, -4), y = NULL, z = NULL)`
		3769	`$x`
		3770	`[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9`
		3771
		3772	`$y`
		3773	`[1] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90`
		3774
		3775	`$z`
		3776	`[1] -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4`
		3777
		3778	`$xlab`
		3779	`[1] "Index"`
		3780
		3781	`$ylab`
		3782	`NULL`
		3783
		3784	`$zlab`
		3785	`NULL`
		3786
		3787	`>`
		3788	`> xyz.coords(1:5, stats::fft(1:5), z = NULL, xlab = "X", ylab = "Y")`
		3789	`$x`
		3790	`[1] 15.0 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5`
		3791
		3792	`$y`
		3793	`[1] 0.0000000 3.4409548 0.8122992 -0.8122992 -3.4409548`
		3794
		3795	`$z`
		3796	`[1] 1 2 3 4 5`
		3797
		3798	`$xlab`
		3799	`[1] "Re(Y)"`
		3800
		3801	`$ylab`
		3802	`[1] "Im(Y)"`
		3803
		3804	`$zlab`
		3805	`[1] "X"`
		3806
		3807	`>`
		3808	`> y <- 2 * (x2 <- 10 + (x1 <- 1:10))`
		3809	`> xyz.coords(y ~ x1 + x2, y = NULL, z = NULL)`
		3810	`$x`
		3811	`[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10`
		3812
		3813	`$y`
		3814	`[1] 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20`
		3815
		3816	`$z`
		3817	`[1] 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40`
		3818
		3819	`$xlab`
		3820	`[1] "x1"`
		3821
		3822	`$ylab`
		3823	`[1] "x2"`
		3824
		3825	`$zlab`
		3826	`[1] "y"`
		3827
		3828	`>`
		3829	`> xyz.coords(data.frame(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13), y = NULL, z = NULL,`
		3830	`+ log = "xy")`
		3831	`Warning in xyz.coords(data.frame(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13), y = NULL, :`
		3832	`2 x values <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot`
		3833	`$x`
		3834	`[1] NA NA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9`
		3835
		3836	`$y`
		3837	`[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12`
		3838
		3839	`$z`
		3840	`[1] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13`
		3841
		3842	`$xlab`
		3843	`[1] "x"`
		3844
		3845	`$ylab`
		3846	`[1] "y"`
		3847
		3848	`$zlab`
		3849	`[1] "z"`
		3850
		3851	`> ##> Warning message: 2 x values <= 0 omitted ...`
		3852	`>`
		3853	`>`
		3854	`>`
		3855	`> ### * <FOOTER>`
		3856	`> ###`
62439	ripley	3857	`> options(digits = 7L)`
61787	ripley	3858	`> base::cat("Time elapsed: ", proc.time() - base::get("ptime", pos = 'CheckExEnv'),"\n")`
63202	ripley	3859	`Time elapsed: 8.491 0.187 8.701 0 0`
56186	murdoch	3860	`> grDevices::dev.off()`
		3861	`null device`
		3862	`1`
		3863	`> ###`
		3864	`> ### Local variables: ***`
		3865	`> ### mode: outline-minor ***`
		3866	`> ### outline-regexp: "\$> \$?### []+" **`
		3867	`> ### End: ***`
		3868	`> quit('no')`

The R Project SVN R

(root)/trunk/tests/Examples/grDevices-Ex.Rout.save – Rev 63243