The R Project SVN R

/*
 *  R : A Computer Language for Statistical Data Analysis
 *  Copyright (C) 1995, 1996  Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka
 *  Copyright (C) 1997--1998  Robert Gentleman, Ross Ihaka and the R Core team.
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

#include "Defn.h"
#include "Mathlib.h"

extern int ix_seed;
extern int iy_seed;
extern int iz_seed;

static int naflag = 0;

static void Randomize()
{
    srand((int)time(NULL));
    ix_seed = abs(rand() % 30269);
    iy_seed = abs(rand() % 30307);
    iz_seed = abs(rand() % 30323);
}

static void GetSeeds()
{
    SEXP seeds;
    seeds = findVar(R_SeedsSymbol, R_GlobalEnv);
    if (seeds == R_UnboundValue) {
    Randomize();
    }
    else {
    if (seeds == R_MissingArg)
        error(".Random.seed is a missing argument with no default\n");
    if (!isVector(seeds) || LENGTH(seeds) < 3)
        error("missing or invalid random number seeds\n");
    seeds = coerceVector(seeds, INTSXP);
    ix_seed = INTEGER(seeds)[0]; if (!ix_seed) ix_seed++;
    iy_seed = INTEGER(seeds)[1]; if (!iy_seed) iy_seed++;
    iz_seed = INTEGER(seeds)[2]; if (!iz_seed) iz_seed++;
    }
}

static void PutSeeds()
{
    SEXP seeds;
    PROTECT(seeds = allocVector(INTSXP, 3));
    INTEGER(seeds)[0] = ix_seed;
    INTEGER(seeds)[1] = iy_seed;
    INTEGER(seeds)[2] = iz_seed;
    setVar(R_SeedsSymbol, seeds, R_GlobalEnv);
    UNPROTECT(1);
}

static void invalid(SEXP call)
{
    errorcall(call, "invalid arguments\n");
}

static void random1(double (*f) (), double * a, int na, double * x, int n)
{
    double ai;
    int i;
    errno = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    ai = a[i % na];
    if (FINITE(ai)) {
        x[i] = MATH_CHECK(f(ai));
        if (!FINITE(x[i])) naflag = 1;
    }
    else x[i] = NA_REAL;
    }
}

#define RAND1(num,name) \
    case num: \
        random1(name, REAL(a), na, REAL(x), n); \
        break


/* "do_random1" - random sampling from 1 parameter families. */
/* See switch below for distributions. */

SEXP do_random1(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP x, a;
    int i, n, na;
    checkArity(op, args);
    if (!isVector(CAR(args)) || !isNumeric(CADR(args)))
    invalid(call);
    if (LENGTH(CAR(args)) == 1) {
    n = asInteger(CAR(args));
    if (n == NA_INTEGER || n < 0)
        invalid(call);
    }
    else n = LENGTH(CAR(args));
    PROTECT(x = allocVector(REALSXP, n));
    if (n == 0) {
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return(x);
    }
    na = LENGTH(CADR(args));
    if (na < 1) {
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        REAL(x)[i] = NA_REAL;
    }
    else {
    PROTECT(a = coerceVector(CADR(args), REALSXP));
    naflag = 0;
    GetSeeds();
    switch (PRIMVAL(op)) {
        RAND1(0, rchisq);
        RAND1(1, rexp);
        RAND1(2, rgeom);
        RAND1(3, rpois);
        RAND1(4, rt);
    default:
        error("internal error in do_random1\n");
    }
    if (naflag)
        warning("NAs produced in function \"%s\"\n", PRIMNAME(op));

    PutSeeds();
    UNPROTECT(1);
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return x;
}

static void random2(double (*f) (), double * a, int na, double * b, int nb,
            double * x, int n)
{
    double ai, bi; int i;
    errno = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    ai = a[i % na];
    bi = b[i % nb];
    if (FINITE(ai) && FINITE(bi)) {
        x[i] = MATH_CHECK(f(ai, bi));
        if (!FINITE(x[i])) naflag = 1;
    }
    else x[i] = NA_REAL;
    }
}

#define RAND2(num,name) \
    case num: \
        random2(name, REAL(a), na, REAL(b), nb, REAL(x), n); \
        break

/* "do_random2" - random sampling from 2 parameter families. */
/* See switch below for distributions. */

SEXP do_random2(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP x, a, b;
    int i, n, na, nb;
    checkArity(op, args);
    if (!isVector(CAR(args)) ||
    !isNumeric(CADR(args)) ||
    !isNumeric(CADDR(args)))
    invalid(call);
    if (LENGTH(CAR(args)) == 1) {
    n = asInteger(CAR(args));
    if (n == NA_INTEGER || n < 0)
        invalid(call);
    }
    else n = LENGTH(CAR(args));
    PROTECT(x = allocVector(REALSXP, n));
    if (n == 0) {
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return(x);
    }
    na = LENGTH(CADR(args));
    nb = LENGTH(CADDR(args));
    if (na < 1 || nb < 1) {
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        REAL(x)[i] = NA_REAL;
    }
    else {
    PROTECT(a = coerceVector(CADR(args), REALSXP));
    PROTECT(b = coerceVector(CADDR(args), REALSXP));
    naflag = 0;
    GetSeeds();
    switch (PRIMVAL(op)) {
        RAND2(0, rbeta);
        RAND2(1, rbinom);
        RAND2(2, rcauchy);
        RAND2(3, rf);
        RAND2(4, rgamma);
        RAND2(5, rlnorm);
        RAND2(6, rlogis);
        RAND2(7, rnbinom);
        RAND2(8, rnorm);
        RAND2(9, runif);
        RAND2(10, rweibull);
        RAND2(11, rwilcox);
    default:
        error("internal error in do_random2\n");
    }
    if (naflag)
        warning("NAs produced in function \"%s\"\n", PRIMNAME(op));

    PutSeeds();
    UNPROTECT(2);
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return x;
}

static void random3(double (*f) (), double * a, int na, double * b, int nb,
            double * c, int nc, double * x, int n)
{
    double ai, bi, ci;
    int i;
    errno = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    ai = a[i % na];
    bi = b[i % nb];
    ci = c[i % nc];
    if (FINITE(ai) && FINITE(bi) && FINITE(ci)) {
        x[i] = MATH_CHECK(f(ai, bi, ci));
        if (!FINITE(x[i])) naflag = 1;
    }
    else x[i] = NA_REAL;
    }
}

#define RAND3(num,name) \
    case num: \
        random3(name, REAL(a), na, REAL(b), nb, REAL(c), nc, REAL(x), n); \
        break


/* "do_random3" - random sampling from 3 parameter families. */
/* See switch below for distributions. */

SEXP do_random3(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP x, a, b, c;
    int i, n, na, nb, nc;
    checkArity(op, args);
    if (!isVector(CAR(args))) invalid(call);
    if (LENGTH(CAR(args)) == 1) {
    n = asInteger(CAR(args));
    if (n == NA_INTEGER || n < 0)
        invalid(call);
    }
    else n = LENGTH(CAR(args));
    PROTECT(x = allocVector(REALSXP, n));
    if (n == 0) {
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return(x);
    }

    args = CDR(args); a = CAR(args);
    args = CDR(args); b = CAR(args);
    args = CDR(args); c = CAR(args);
    if (!isNumeric(a) || !isNumeric(b) || !isNumeric(c))
    invalid(call);
    na = LENGTH(a);
    nb = LENGTH(b);
    nc = LENGTH(c);
    if (na < 1 || nb < 1 || nc < 1) {
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        REAL(x)[i] = NA_REAL;
    }
    else {
    PROTECT(a = coerceVector(a, REALSXP));
    PROTECT(b = coerceVector(b, REALSXP));
    PROTECT(c = coerceVector(c, REALSXP));
    naflag = 0;
    GetSeeds();
    switch (PRIMVAL(op)) {
        RAND3(0, rhyper);
    default:
        error("internal error in do_random2\n");
    }
    if (naflag)
        warning("NAs produced in function \"%s\"\n", PRIMNAME(op));

    PutSeeds();
    UNPROTECT(3);
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return x;
}


/*
 *  Unequal Probability Sampling.
 *
 *  Modelled after Fortran code provided by:
 *    E. S. Venkatraman <venkat@biosta.mskcc.org>
 *  but with significant modifications in the
 *  "with replacement" case.
 */

/* Sort into descending order (heapsort) */

static void revsort(int n, double *ra, int *rb)
{
    int l, j, ir, i;
    double rra;
    int rrb;

    ra--; rb--;

    l = (n >> 1) + 1;
    ir = n;

    for (;;) {
        if (l > 1) {
        l = l - 1;
        rra = ra[l];
        rrb = rb[l];
        }
        else {
        rra = ra[ir];
        rrb = rb[ir];
        ra[ir] = ra[1];
        rb[ir] = rb[1];
        if (--ir == 1) {
        ra[1] = rra;
        rb[1] = rrb;
        return;
        }
        }
        i = l;
        j = l << 1;
        while (j <= ir) {
        if (j < ir && ra[j] > ra[j + 1]) ++j;
        if (rra > ra[j]) {
        ra[i] = ra[j];
        rb[i] = rb[j];
        j += (i = j);
        }
        else
        j = ir + 1;
        }
        ra[i] = rra;
        rb[i] = rrb;
    }
}

/* Unequal probability sampling; with-replacement case */

static void ProbSampleReplace(int n, double *p, int *perm, int nans, int *ans)
{
    double random;
    int i, j;
    int nm1 = n - 1;

    /* record element identities */
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    perm[i] = i + 1;

    /* sort the probabilities into descending order */
    revsort(n, p, perm);

    /* compute cumulative probabilities */
    for (i = 1 ; i < n; i++)
    p[i] = p[i - 1] + p[i];

    /* compute the sample */
    for (i = 0; i < nans; i++) {
    random = sunif();
    for (j = 0; j < nm1; j++) {
        if (random <= p[j])
            break;
        }
    ans[i] = perm[j];
    }
}

/* Unequal probability sampling; without-replacement case */

static void ProbSampleNoReplace(int n, double *p, int *perm,
                int nans, int *ans)
{
    double random, mass, totalmass;
    int i, j, k, nm1;

    /* Record element identities */
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    perm[i] = i + 1;

    /* Sort probabilities into descending order */
    /* Order element identities in parallel */
    revsort(n, p, perm);

    /* Compute the sample */
    totalmass = 1;
    nm1 = n - 1;
    for (i = 0; i < nans; i++) {
    random = totalmass * sunif();
    mass = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < nm1; j++) {
        mass += p[j];
        if (random <= mass)
            break;
        }
        ans[i] = perm[j];
    totalmass -= p[j];
    for(k = j; k < nm1; k++) {
        p[k] = p[k + 1];
        perm[k] = perm[k + 1];
    }
    nm1 = nm1 - 1;
    }
}

/* Equal probability sampling; with-replacement case */

static void SampleReplace(int k, int n, int *y)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
    y[i] = n * sunif() + 1;
}

/* Equal probability sampling; without-replacement case */

static void SampleNoReplace(int k, int n, int *y, int *x)
{
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    x[i] = i;
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {
    j = n * sunif();
    y[i] = x[j] + 1;
    x[j] = x[--n];
    }
}

/* do_sample - equal probability sampling with/without replacement. */
/* Implements sample(n, k, r) - choose k elements from 1 to n */
/* with/without replacement according to r. */
static void FixupProb(SEXP call, double *p, int n, int k, int replace)
{
    double sum;
    int i, npos;
    npos = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    if (!FINITE(p[i]))
        errorcall(call, "NA in probability vector\n");
    if (p[i] < 0)
        errorcall(call, "non-positive probability\n");
    if (p[i] > 0)
        npos++;
    sum += p[i];
    }
    if (npos == 0 || (!replace && k > npos))
    errorcall(call, "insufficient positive probabilies\n");
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    p[i] = p[i] / sum;
}

SEXP do_sample(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP x, y, prob;
    int i, j, k, n, replace;
    checkArity(op, args);
    n = asInteger(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    k = asInteger(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    replace = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    prob = CAR(args);
    if (replace == NA_LOGICAL)
    errorcall(call, "invalid third argument\n");
    if (n == NA_INTEGER || n < 1)
    errorcall(call, "invalid first argument\n");
    if (k == NA_INTEGER || k < 0)
    errorcall(call, "invalid second argument\n");
    if (!replace && k > n)
    errorcall(call, "can't take a sample larger than the population\n when replace = FALSE\n");
    GetSeeds();
    PROTECT(y = allocVector(INTSXP, k));
    if (!isNull(prob)) {
    prob = coerceVector(prob, REALSXP);
    if (NAMED(prob)) prob = duplicate(prob);
    PROTECT(prob);
    if (length(prob) != n)
        errorcall(call, "incorrect number of probabilities\n");
    FixupProb(call, REAL(prob), n, k, replace);
    PROTECT(x = allocVector(INTSXP, n));
    if (replace)
        ProbSampleReplace(n, REAL(prob), INTEGER(x), k, INTEGER(y));
    else
        ProbSampleNoReplace(n, REAL(prob), INTEGER(x), k, INTEGER(y));
    UNPROTECT(2);
    }
    else {
    if (replace) SampleReplace(k, n, INTEGER(y));
    else {
        x = allocVector(INTSXP, n);
        SampleNoReplace(k, n, INTEGER(y), INTEGER(x));
    }
    }
    PutSeeds();
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return y;
}


/* S COMPATIBILITY */

/* The following entry points provide compatibility with S. */
/* These entry points should not be used by new R code. */

void seed_in(long *ignored)
{
    GetSeeds();
}

void seed_out(long *ignored)
{
    PutSeeds();
}

/*
double unif_rand(void)
{
    sunif();
}

double norm_rand(void)
{
    snorm();
}
*/