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% File src/library/utils/man/URLencode.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2015 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{URLencode}
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\alias{URLencode}
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\alias{URLdecode}
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\title{Encode or Decode a (partial) URL}
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\description{
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  Functions to percent-encode or decode characters in URLs.
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}
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\usage{
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URLencode(URL, reserved = FALSE, repeated = FALSE)
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URLdecode(URL)
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}
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\arguments{
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  \item{URL}{a character string.}
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  \item{reserved}{logical: should \sQuote{reserved} characters be
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    encoded? See \sQuote{Details}.}
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  \item{repeated}{logical: should apparently already-encoded URLs be
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    encoded again?}
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}
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\details{
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  Characters in a URL other than the English alphanumeric characters and
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  \samp{- _ . ~} should be encoded as \code{\%}
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  plus a two-digit hexadecimal representation, and any single-byte
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  character can be so encoded. (Multi-byte characters are encoded
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  byte-by-byte.)  The standard refers to this as \sQuote{percent-encoding}.
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  In addition, \samp{! $ & ' ( ) * + , ; = : / ? @ # [ ]} are reserved
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  characters, and should be encoded unless used in their reserved sense,
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  which is scheme specific.  The default in \code{URLencode} is to leave
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  them alone, which is appropriate for \samp{file://} URLs, but probably
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  not for \samp{http://} ones.
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  An \sQuote{apparently already-encoded URL} is one containing
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  \code{\%xx} for two hexadecimal digits.
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}
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\value{
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  A character string.
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}
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\references{
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  Internet STD 66 (formerly RFC 3986),
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  \url{https://tools.ietf.org/html/std66}
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}
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\examples{
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(y <- URLencode("a url with spaces and / and @"))
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URLdecode(y)
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(y <- URLencode("a url with spaces and / and @", reserved = TRUE))
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URLdecode(y)
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URLdecode(z <- "ab\%20cd")
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c(URLencode(z), URLencode(z, repeated = TRUE)) # first is usually wanted
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}
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\keyword{utilities}