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% File src/library/stats/man/model.frame.Rd
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% File src/library/stats/man/model.frame.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2023 R Core Team
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% Copyright 1995-2025 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{model.frame}
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\name{model.frame}
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\alias{model.frame}
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\alias{model.frame}
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\alias{model.frame.default}
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\alias{model.frame.default}
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defaults to all. This can be any valid indexing vector (see
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defaults to all. This can be any valid indexing vector (see
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\code{\link{[.data.frame}}) for the rows of \code{data}, or
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\code{\link{[.data.frame}}) for the rows of \code{data}, or
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a (logical) expression using variables in \code{data} or
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a (logical) expression using variables in \code{data} or
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if that is not supplied, in
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if that is not supplied, in
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\code{formula}. (See additional details about how this argument
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\code{formula}. (See additional details about how this argument
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interacts with data-dependent bases under \sQuote{Details} below.)}
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interacts with data-dependent bases and summary statistics
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under \sQuote{Details} below.)}
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\item{na.action}{an optional (name of a) function for treating missing
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\item{na.action}{an optional (name of a) function for treating missing
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values (\code{NA}s). The default is first,
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values (\code{NA}s). The default is first,
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any \code{na.action} attribute of \code{data}, second
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any \code{na.action} attribute of \code{data}, second
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a \code{na.action} setting of \code{\link{options}}, and third
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a \code{na.action} setting of \code{\link{options}}, and third
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2.10.0).
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2.10.0).
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Because variables in the formula are evaluated before rows are dropped
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Because variables in the formula are evaluated before rows are dropped
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based on \code{subset}, the characteristics of data-dependent bases such
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based on \code{subset}, the characteristics of data-dependent bases such
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as orthogonal polynomials (i.e. from terms using \code{\link{poly}}) or
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as orthogonal polynomials (i.e. from terms using \code{\link{poly}}) or
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splines (such as \code{\link[splines]{bs}()} from package \pkg{splines})
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splines will be computed based on the full data set rather than the
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will be computed based on the full data set rather than the
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subsetted one. This also applies to summary statistics, i.e., all
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functions of variables returning shorter length results, often length one,
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subsetted one.
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such as \code{\link{mean}}.
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Unless \code{na.action = NULL}, time-series attributes will be removed
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Unless \code{na.action = NULL}, time-series attributes will be removed
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from the variables found (since they will be wrong if \code{NA}s are
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from the variables found (since they will be wrong if \code{NA}s are
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removed).
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removed).
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