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% File src/library/stats/man/fligner.test.Rd
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% File src/library/stats/man/fligner.test.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2018 R Core Team
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% Copyright 1995-2025 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{fligner.test}
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\name{fligner.test}
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\alias{fligner.test}
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\alias{fligner.test}
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\alias{fligner.test.default}
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\alias{fligner.test.default}
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group for the corresponding elements of \code{x}.
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group for the corresponding elements of \code{x}.
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The \I{Fligner}-\I{Killeen} (median) test has been determined in a simulation
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The \I{Fligner}-\I{Killeen} (median) test has been determined in a simulation
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study as one of the many tests for homogeneity of variances which is
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study as one of the many tests for homogeneity of variances which is
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most robust against departures from normality, see
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most robust against departures from normality, see
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\bibcite{Conover, Johnson & Johnson (1981)}.
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\bibcitet{R:Conover+Johnson+Johnson:1981}.
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It is a \eqn{k}-sample simple linear rank which uses
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It is a \eqn{k}-sample simple linear rank which uses
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the ranks of the absolute values of the centered samples and weights
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the ranks of the absolute values of the centered samples and weights
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\eqn{a(i) = \mathrm{qnorm}((1 + i/(n+1))/2)}{a(i) = qnorm((1 +
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\eqn{a(i) = \mathrm{qnorm}((1 + i/(n+1))/2)}{a(i) = qnorm((1 +
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i/(n+1))/2)}. The version implemented here uses median centering in
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i/(n+1))/2)}. The version implemented here uses median centering in
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each of the samples (F-K:med \eqn{X^2} in the reference).
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each of the samples (F-K:med \eqn{X^2} in the reference).
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\item{method}{the character string
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\item{method}{the character string
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\code{"Fligner-Killeen test of homogeneity of variances"}.}
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\code{"Fligner-Killeen test of homogeneity of variances"}.}
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\item{data.name}{a character string giving the names of the data.}
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\item{data.name}{a character string giving the names of the data.}
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}
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}
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\references{
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\references{
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William J. Conover, Mark E. Johnson and Myrle M. Johnson (1981).
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A comparative study of tests for homogeneity of variances, with
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applications to the outer continental shelf bidding data.
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\emph{Technometrics}, \bold{23}, 351--361.
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\doi{10.2307/1268225}.
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\bibshow{*}
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}
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}
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\seealso{
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\seealso{
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\code{\link{ansari.test}} and \code{\link{mood.test}} for rank-based
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\code{\link{ansari.test}} and \code{\link{mood.test}} for rank-based
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two-sample test for a difference in scale parameters;
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two-sample test for a difference in scale parameters;
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\code{\link{var.test}} and \code{\link{bartlett.test}} for parametric
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\code{\link{var.test}} and \code{\link{bartlett.test}} for parametric
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