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% File src/library/methods/man/findMethods.Rd

% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org

% Copyright 2008-2024 R Core Team

% Distributed under GPL 2 or later

\name{findMethods}

\title{Description of the Methods Defined for a Generic Function}

\alias{findMethods}

\alias{findMethodSignatures}

\alias{hasMethods}

\alias{getMethods}

\alias{listOfMethods-class}

\description{

  The function \code{findMethods} converts the methods defined in a table for a generic

  function (as used for selection of methods) into a list, for study or

  display.  The list is actually from the class \code{listOfMethods}

  (see the section describing the class, below).

  The list will be limited

  to the methods defined in environment \code{where} if that argument is

  supplied and limited to those including one or more of the

  specified \code{classes} in the method signature if that argument is

  supplied.

  To see the actual table (an \code{\link{environment}}) used

  for methods dispatch, call \code{\link{getMethodsForDispatch}}.

  The names of the list returned by \code{findMethods} are the names of

  the objects in the table.

  The function \code{findMethodSignatures} returns a character matrix

  whose rows are the class names from the signature of the corresponding

  methods; it operates either from a list returned by

  \code{findMethods}, or by computing such a list itself, given the same

  arguments as \code{findMethods} .

  The function \code{hasMethods} returns \code{TRUE} or \code{FALSE}

  according to whether there is a non-empty table of methods for

  function \code{f} in the environment or search position \code{where}

  (or for the generic function generally if \code{where} is missing).

  The deprecated function \code{getMethods} (defunct for default \code{table=FALSE})

  is an older alternative to

  \code{findMethods} , returning information in the form of an object of

  class \code{MethodsList}, previously used for method dispatch.  This

  class of objects is deprecated generally and will disappear in a

  future version of R.

}

\usage{

findMethods(f, where, classes = character(), inherited = FALSE,

      package = "")

findMethodSignatures(..., target = TRUE, methods = )

hasMethods(f, where, package)

## Deprecated in 2010 and defunct in 2015 for 'table = FALSE':

getMethods(f, where, table = FALSE) # deprecated -> use getMethodsForDispatch()

}

\arguments{

  \item{f}{A generic function or the character-string name of one.}

  \item{where}{Optionally, an environment or position on the search list

    to look for methods metadata.

    If \code{where} is missing,  \code{findMethods} uses the current

    table of methods in the generic function itself, and

    \code{hasMethods} looks for metadata anywhere in the search list.

  }

  \item{table}{ If \code{TRUE} in a call to \code{getMethods} the

      returned value is the table used for dispatch, including

      inherited methods discovered to date.  Used internally, but

      since the default result is the now unused \code{mlist} object,

      the default will likely be changed at some point.

    }

  \item{classes}{If supplied, only methods whose signatures contain at

    least one of the supplied classes will be included in the value

    returned.}

  \item{inherited}{Logical flag; if \code{TRUE}, the table of all

    methods, inherited or defined directly, will be used; otherwise,

    only the methods explicitly defined.  Option \code{TRUE} is

    meaningful only if \code{where} is missing.}

  \item{...}{In the call to \code{findMethodSignatures}, any arguments

    that might be given to \code{findMethods}.}

  \item{target}{Optional flag to \code{findMethodSignatures}; if

    \code{TRUE}, the signatures used are the target signatures (the

    classes for which the method will be selected); if \code{FALSE},

    they will be the signatures are defined.  The difference is only

    meaningful if \code{inherited} is \code{TRUE}.}

  \item{methods}{In the call to \code{findMethodSignatures}, an optional

    list of methods, presumably returned by a previous call to

    \code{findMethods}.  If missing, that function will be call with the

    \dots arguments.}

  \item{package}{In a call to \code{hasMethods}, the package name for

    the generic function (e.g., \code{"base"} for primitives).  If

    missing this will be inferred either from the \code{"package"}

    attribute of the function name, if any, or from the package slot of

    the generic function.  See \sQuote{Details}.}

}

\details{

  The functions obtain a table of the defined methods, either from the

  generic function or from the stored metadata object in the environment

  specified by \code{where}.  In a call to \code{getMethods}, the information in the table is converted

  as described above to produce the returned value, except with the

  \code{table} argument.

  Note that \code{hasMethods}, but not the other functions, can be used

  even if no generic function of this name is currently found.  In this

  case \code{package} must either be supplied as an argument or included

  as an attribute of \code{f}, since the package name is part of the

  identification of the methods tables.

 }

\section{The Class for lists of methods}{

The class \code{"listOfMethods"} returns the methods as a named list

of method definitions (or a primitive function, see the slot

documentation below).  The names

are the strings used to store the corresponding objects in the

environment from which method dispatch is computed.

The current implementation uses the names of the corresponding classes

in the method signature, separated by \code{"#"} if more than one

argument is involved in the signature.

}

\section{Slots}{

  \describe{

    \item{\code{.Data}:}{Object of class \code{"list"} The method

        definitions.

 Note that these may include the primitive function

  itself as  default method,

  when the generic corresponds to a primitive. (Basically, because

  primitive functions are abnormal R objects, which cannot currently be

  extended as method definitions.) Computations that use the returned

  list to derive other information need to take account of this

  possibility. See the implementation of \code{findMethodSignatures}

  for an example.

 }

    \item{\code{arguments}:}{Object of class \code{"character"}.  The

        names of the formal arguments in the signature of the generic function. }

    \item{\code{signatures}:}{Object of class \code{"list"}. A list of

      the signatures of the individual methods.  This is currently the

    result of splitting the \code{names} according to the \code{"#"}

    separator.

  If the object has been constructed from a table, as when returned by

\code{findMethods}, the signatures will all have the same length.

However, a list rather than a character matrix is used for

generality.  Calling \code{findMethodSignatures} as in the example

below will always convert to the matrix form.}

    \item{\code{generic}:}{Object of class \code{"genericFunction"}.

        The generic function corresponding to these methods.  There

        are plans to generalize this slot to allow reference to the function.}

    \item{\code{names}:}{Object of class \code{"character"}.  The

        names as noted are the class names separated by \code{"#"} .}

  }

}

\section{Extends}{

Class \code{"\linkS4class{namedList}"}, directly.

Class \code{"\linkS4class{list}"}, by class \code{"namedList"}, distance 2.

Class \code{"\linkS4class{vector}"}, by class \code{"namedList"}, distance 3.

}

\seealso{ \code{\link{showMethods}}, \code{\link{selectMethod}}, \link{Methods_Details} }

\examples{

mm <-  findMethods("Ops")

findMethodSignatures(methods = mm)

}

\keyword{programming}

\keyword{classes}

\keyword{methods}