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% File src/library/graphics/man/cdplot.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2007 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{cdplot}
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\alias{cdplot}
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\alias{cdplot.default}
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\alias{cdplot.formula}
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\title{Conditional Density Plots}
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\description{
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Computes and plots conditional densities describing how the
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conditional distribution of a categorical variable \code{y} changes over a
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numerical variable \code{x}.
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}
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\usage{
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cdplot(x, \dots)
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\method{cdplot}{default}(x, y,
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plot = TRUE, tol.ylab = 0.05, ylevels = NULL,
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bw = "nrd0", n = 512, from = NULL, to = NULL,
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col = NULL, border = 1, main = "", xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL,
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yaxlabels = NULL, xlim = NULL, ylim = c(0, 1), \dots)
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\method{cdplot}{formula}(formula, data = list(),
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plot = TRUE, tol.ylab = 0.05, ylevels = NULL,
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bw = "nrd0", n = 512, from = NULL, to = NULL,
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col = NULL, border = 1, main = "", xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL,
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yaxlabels = NULL, xlim = NULL, ylim = c(0, 1), \dots,
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subset = NULL)
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}
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\arguments{
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\item{x}{an object, the default method expects a single numerical
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variable (or an object coercible to this).}
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\item{y}{a \code{"factor"} interpreted to be the dependent variable}
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\item{formula}{a \code{"formula"} of type \code{y ~ x} with a single dependent
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\code{"factor"} and a single numerical explanatory variable.}
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\item{data}{an optional data frame.}
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\item{plot}{logical. Should the computed conditional densities be plotted?}
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\item{tol.ylab}{convenience tolerance parameter for y-axis annotation.
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If the distance between two labels drops under this threshold, they are
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plotted equidistantly.}
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\item{ylevels}{a character or numeric vector specifying in which order
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the levels of the dependent variable should be plotted.}
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\item{bw, n, from, to, \dots}{arguments passed to \code{\link{density}}}
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\item{col}{a vector of fill colors of the same length as \code{levels(y)}.
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The default is to call \code{\link{gray.colors}}.}
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\item{border}{border color of shaded polygons.}
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\item{main, xlab, ylab}{character strings for annotation}
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\item{yaxlabels}{character vector for annotation of y axis, defaults to
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\code{levels(y)}.}
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\item{xlim, ylim}{the range of x and y values with sensible defaults.}
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\item{subset}{an optional vector specifying a subset of observations
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to be used for plotting.}
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}
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\details{
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\code{cdplot} computes the conditional densities of \code{x} given
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the levels of \code{y} weighted by the marginal distribution of \code{y}.
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The densities are derived cumulatively over the levels of \code{y}.
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This visualization technique is similar to spinograms (see \code{\link{spineplot}})
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and plots \eqn{P(y | x)} against \eqn{x}. The conditional probabilities
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are not derived by discretization (as in the spinogram), but using a smoothing
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approach via \code{\link{density}}.
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Note, that the estimates of the conditional densities are more reliable for
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high-density regions of \eqn{x}. Conversely, the are less reliable in regions
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with only few \eqn{x} observations.
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}
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\value{
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The conditional density functions (cumulative over the levels of \code{y})
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are returned invisibly.
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}
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\seealso{
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\code{\link{spineplot}}, \code{\link{density}}
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}
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\references{
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Hofmann, H., Theus, M. (2005), \emph{Interactive graphics for visualizing
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conditional distributions}, Unpublished Manuscript.
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}
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\author{
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Achim Zeileis \email{Achim.Zeileis@R-project.org}
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}
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\examples{
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## NASA space shuttle o-ring failures
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fail <- factor(c(2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1,
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1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
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levels = 1:2, labels = c("no", "yes"))
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temperature <- c(53, 57, 58, 63, 66, 67, 67, 67, 68, 69, 70, 70,
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70, 70, 72, 73, 75, 75, 76, 76, 78, 79, 81)
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## CD plot
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cdplot(fail ~ temperature)
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cdplot(fail ~ temperature, bw = 2)
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cdplot(fail ~ temperature, bw = "SJ")
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## compare with spinogram
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(spineplot(fail ~ temperature, breaks = 3))
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## highlighting for failures
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cdplot(fail ~ temperature, ylevels = 2:1)
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## scatter plot with conditional density
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cdens <- cdplot(fail ~ temperature, plot = FALSE)
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plot(I(as.numeric(fail) - 1) ~ jitter(temperature, factor = 2),
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xlab = "Temperature", ylab = "Conditional failure probability")
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lines(53:81, 1 - cdens[[1]](53:81), col = 2)
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}
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\keyword{hplot}
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