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% File src/library/graphics/man/assocplot.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2025 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{assocplot}
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murdoch |
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\alias{assocplot}
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\title{Association Plots}
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\description{
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Produce a Cohen-Friendly association plot indicating deviations from
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independence of rows and columns in a 2-dimensional contingency
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table.
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}
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\usage{
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assocplot(x, col = c("black", "red"), space = 0.3,
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main = NULL, xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL)
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}
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\arguments{
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\item{x}{a two-dimensional contingency table in matrix form.}
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\item{col}{a character vector of length two giving the colors used for
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drawing positive and negative Pearson residuals, respectively.}
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\item{space}{the amount of space (as a fraction of the average
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rectangle width and height) left between each rectangle.}
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\item{main}{overall title for the plot.}
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\item{xlab}{a label for the x axis. Defaults to the name (if any) of
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the row dimension in \code{x}.}
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\item{ylab}{a label for the y axis. Defaults to the name (if any) of
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the column dimension in \code{x}.}
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}
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\details{
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For a two-way contingency table, the signed contribution to Pearson's
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\eqn{\chi^2} for cell \eqn{i, j} is \eqn{d_{ij} = (f_{ij} -
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e_{ij}) / \sqrt{e_{ij}}}{d_{ij} = (f_{ij} - e_{ij}) / sqrt(e_{ij})},
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where \eqn{f_{ij}} and \eqn{e_{ij}} are the observed and expected
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counts corresponding to the cell. In the Cohen-Friendly association
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plot, each cell is represented by a rectangle that has (signed) height
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proportional to \eqn{d_{ij}} and width proportional to
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\eqn{\sqrt{e_{ij}}}{sqrt(e_{ij})}, so that the area of the box is
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proportional to the difference in observed and expected frequencies.
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The rectangles in each row are positioned relative to a baseline
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indicating independence (\eqn{d_{ij} = 0}). If the observed frequency
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of a cell is greater than the expected one, the box rises above the
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baseline and is shaded in the color specified by the first element of
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\code{col}, which defaults to black; otherwise, the box falls below
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the baseline and is shaded in the color specified by the second
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element of \code{col}, which defaults to red.
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A more flexible and extensible implementation of association plots
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written in the grid graphics system is provided in the function
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\code{\link[vcd]{assoc}} in the contributed package \CRANpkg{vcd}
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\bibcitep{R:Meyer+Zeileis+Hornik:2006}.
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}
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\seealso{
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\code{\link{mosaicplot}}, \code{\link{chisq.test}}.
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}
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\references{
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\bibshow{*, R:Cohen:1980, R:Friendly:1992a}
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}
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\examples{
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## Aggregate over sex:
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x <- marginSums(HairEyeColor, c(1, 2))
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x
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assocplot(x, main = "Relation between hair and eye color")
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}
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\keyword{hplot}
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