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% File src/library/grDevices/man/Devices.Rd
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% File src/library/grDevices/man/Devices.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2013 R Core Team
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% Copyright 1995-2018 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{Devices}
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\name{Devices}
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\title{List of Graphical Devices}
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\title{List of Graphical Devices}
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\alias{Devices}
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\alias{Devices}
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\alias{device}
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\alias{device}
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\description{The following graphics devices are currently available:
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\description{The following graphics devices are currently available:
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\itemize{
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\describe{
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#ifdef windows
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\item \code{\link{windows}} The graphics device for Windows (on screen,
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\item{\code{\link{windows}}:}{On Windows only, the graphics device for
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to printer and to Windows metafile).
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Windows (on screen, to printer and to Windows metafile).}
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#endif
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\item \code{\link{pdf}} Write PDF graphics commands to a file
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\item{\code{\link{pdf}}:}{Write PDF graphics commands to a file}
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\item \code{\link{postscript}} Writes PostScript graphics commands to
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\item{\code{\link{postscript}}:}{Writes PostScript graphics commands to
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a file
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a file}
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\item \code{\link{xfig}} Device for XFIG graphics file format
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\item{\code{\link{xfig}}:}{Device for XFIG graphics file format}
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\item \code{\link{bitmap}} bitmap pseudo-device via
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\item{\code{\link{bitmap}}:}{bitmap pseudo-device via
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\code{Ghostscript} (if available).
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\code{Ghostscript} (if available).}
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\item \code{\link{pictex}} Writes TeX/PicTeX graphics commands to a
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\item{\code{\link{pictex}}:}{Writes TeX/PicTeX graphics commands to a
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file (of historical interest only)
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file (of historical interest only)
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}
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}
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}
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The following devices will be functional if \R was compiled to use
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The following devices will be functional if \R was compiled to use
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them (they exist but will return with a warning on other systems):
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them (they exist but will return with a warning on other systems):
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\itemize{
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\describe{
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#ifdef unix
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\item \code{\link{X11}} The graphics device for the X11 windowing system
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#endif
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\item \code{\link{cairo_pdf}}, \code{cairo_ps} PDF and PostScript
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\item{\code{\link{cairo_pdf}}, \code{cairo_ps}:}{PDF and PostScript
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devices based on cairo graphics.
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devices based on cairo graphics.}
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\item \code{\link{svg}} SVG device based on cairo graphics.
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\item{\code{\link{svg}}:}{SVG device based on cairo graphics}
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\item \code{\link{png}} PNG bitmap device
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\item{\code{\link{png}}:}{PNG bitmap device}
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\item \code{\link{jpeg}} JPEG bitmap device
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\item{\code{\link{jpeg}}:}{JPEG bitmap device}
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\item \code{\link{bmp}} BMP bitmap device
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\item{\code{\link{bmp}}:}{BMP bitmap device}
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\item \code{\link{tiff}} TIFF bitmap device
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\item{\code{\link{tiff}}:}{TIFF bitmap device}
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}
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On Unix-alikes (incl. Mac) only:
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#ifdef unix
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\describe{
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\item{\code{\link{X11}}:}{The graphics device for the X11 windowing system}
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\item \code{\link{quartz}} The graphics device for the macOS
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\item{\code{\link{quartz}}:}{The graphics device for the macOS
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native Quartz 2d graphics system. (This is only functional on
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native Quartz 2d graphics system. (This is only functional on
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macOS where it can be used from the \code{R.app} GUI and from the
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macOS where it can be used from the \code{R.app} GUI and from the
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command line: but it will display on the local screen even for a
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command line: but it will display on the local screen even for a
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remote session.)
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remote session.)}
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#endif
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}
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}
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}
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}
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\details{
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\details{
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If no device is open, using a high-level graphics function will cause
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If no device is open, calling any high-level graphics function will cause
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a device to be opened. Which device is given by
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a device to be opened. Which device is determined by
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\code{\link{options}("device")} which is initially set as the most
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\code{\link{options}("device")} which is initially set as the most
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appropriate for each platform: a screen device for most interactive use and
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appropriate for each platform: a screen device for most interactive use and
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\code{\link{pdf}} (or the setting of \env{R_DEFAULT_DEVICE})
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\code{\link{pdf}} (or the setting of \env{R_DEFAULT_DEVICE})
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otherwise. The exception is interactive use under Unix if no screen
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otherwise. The exception is interactive use under Unix if no screen
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device is known to be available, when \code{pdf()} is used.
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device is known to be available, when \code{pdf()} is used.
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It is possible for an \R package to provide further graphics devices
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It is possible for an \R package (or an \R front-end such as RStudio)
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to provide further graphics devices
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and several packages on CRAN do so. These include other devices outputting
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and several packages on CRAN do so. These include other devices outputting
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SVG and PGF/TiKZ (TeX-based graphics, see \url{http://pgf.sourceforge.net/}).
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SVG and PGF/TiKZ (TeX-based graphics, see \url{http://pgf.sourceforge.net/}).
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}
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}
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\seealso{
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\seealso{
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The individual help files for further information on any of the
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The individual help files for further information on any of the
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devices listed here;
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devices listed here;
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#ifdef windows
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\describe{
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\code{\link{windows.options}},
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\item{on Windows:}{\code{\link{windows.options}},}
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#endif
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#ifdef unix
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\code{\link{X11}.options}, \code{\link{quartz.options}},
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\item{on a Unix-alike:}{\code{\link{X11}.options}, \code{\link{quartz.options}},}
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#endif
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}
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\code{\link{ps.options}} and \code{\link{pdf.options}} for how to
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\code{\link{ps.options}} and \code{\link{pdf.options}} for how to
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customize devices.
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customize devices.
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\code{\link{dev.interactive}},
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\code{\link{dev.interactive}},
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\code{\link{dev.cur}}, \code{\link{dev.print}},
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\code{\link{dev.cur}}, \code{\link{dev.print}},
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\code{\link{graphics.off}}, \code{\link{image}},
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\code{\link{graphics.off}}, \code{\link{image}},
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\code{\link{dev2bitmap}}.
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\code{\link{dev2bitmap}}.
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#ifdef unix
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On Unix-alikes only:\cr
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\code{\link{capabilities}} to see if \code{\link{X11}},
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\code{\link{capabilities}} to see if \code{\link{X11}},
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\code{\link{jpeg}} \code{\link{png}}, \code{\link{tiff}},
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\code{\link{jpeg}}, \code{\link{png}}, \code{\link{tiff}},
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\code{\link{quartz}} and the cairo-based devices are available.
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\code{\link{quartz}} and the cairo-based devices are available.
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#endif
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}
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}
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\examples{\dontrun{
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\examples{\dontrun{
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## open the default screen device on this platform if no device is
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## open the default screen device on this platform if no device is
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## open
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## open
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if(dev.cur() == 1) dev.new()
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if(dev.cur() == 1) dev.new()
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