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% File src/library/datasets/man/longley.Rd
% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
% Copyright 1995-2025 R Core Team
% Distributed under GPL 2 or later

\name{longley}
\docType{data}
\alias{longley}
\title{\I{Longley}'s Economic Regression Data}
\description{
  A macroeconomic data set which provides a well-known example for a
  highly collinear regression.
}
\usage{longley}
\format{
  A data frame with 7 economical variables, observed yearly from 1947 to
  1962 (\eqn{n=16}).
  \describe{
    \item{\code{GNP.deflator}}{GNP implicit price deflator (\eqn{1954=100})}
    \item{\code{GNP}}{Gross National Product.}
    \item{\code{Unemployed}}{number of unemployed.}
    \item{\code{Armed.Forces}}{number of people in the armed forces.}
    \item{\code{Population}}{\sQuote{noninstitutionalized} population
      \eqn{\ge} 14 years of age.}
    \item{\code{Year}}{the year (time).}
    \item{\code{Employed}}{number of people employed.}
  }

  The regression \code{lm(Employed ~ .)} is known to be highly
  collinear.
}
\source{
  \bibshow{R:Longley:1967}
}
\references{
  \bibshow{R:Becker+Chambers+Wilks:1988}
}
\examples{
require(stats); require(graphics)
## give the data set in the form it was used in S-PLUS:
longley.x <- data.matrix(longley[, 1:6])
longley.y <- longley[, "Employed"]
pairs(longley, main = "longley data")
summary(fm1 <- lm(Employed ~ ., data = longley))
opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0),
            mar = c(4.1, 4.1, 2.1, 1.1))
plot(fm1)
par(opar)
}
\keyword{datasets}