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| 49 |
\code{\dots}. The allowed conversion specifications start with a
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49 |
\code{\dots}. The allowed conversion specifications start with a
|
| 50 |
\code{\%} and end with one of the letters in the set
|
50 |
\code{\%} and end with one of the letters in the set
|
| 51 |
\code{aAdifeEgGosxX\%}. These letters denote the following types:
|
51 |
\code{aAdifeEgGosxX\%}. These letters denote the following types:
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| 52 |
|
52 |
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| 53 |
\describe{
|
53 |
\describe{
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| 54 |
\item{\code{d, i, o, x, X}}{Integer value, \code{o} being octal,
|
54 |
\item{\code{d}, \code{i}, \code{o}, \code{x}, \code{X}}{Integer
|
| - |
|
55 |
value, \code{o} being octal,
|
| 55 |
\code{x} and \code{X} being hexadecimal (using the same case for
|
56 |
\code{x} and \code{X} being hexadecimal (using the same case for
|
| 56 |
\code{a-f} as the code). Numeric variables with exactly integer
|
57 |
\code{a-f} as the code). Numeric variables with exactly integer
|
| 57 |
values will be coerced to integer. Formats \code{d} and \code{i}
|
58 |
values will be coerced to integer. Formats \code{d} and \code{i}
|
| 58 |
can also be used for logical variables, which will be converted to
|
59 |
can also be used for logical variables, which will be converted to
|
| 59 |
\code{0}, \code{1} or \code{NA}.
|
60 |
\code{0}, \code{1} or \code{NA}.
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| 63 |
decimal places ("d") is specified by the precision: the default is 6;
|
64 |
decimal places ("d") is specified by the precision: the default is 6;
|
| 64 |
a precision of 0 suppresses the decimal point. Non-finite values
|
65 |
a precision of 0 suppresses the decimal point. Non-finite values
|
| 65 |
are converted to \code{NA}, \code{NaN} or (perhaps a sign followed
|
66 |
are converted to \code{NA}, \code{NaN} or (perhaps a sign followed
|
| 66 |
by) \code{Inf}.
|
67 |
by) \code{Inf}.
|
| 67 |
}
|
68 |
}
|
| 68 |
\item{\code{e, E}}{Double precision value, in
|
69 |
\item{\code{e}, \code{E}}{Double precision value, in
|
| 69 |
\dQuote{\bold{e}xponential} decimal notation of the
|
70 |
\dQuote{\bold{e}xponential} decimal notation of the
|
| 70 |
form \code{[-]m.ddde[+-]xx} or \code{[-]m.dddE[+-]xx}.
|
71 |
form \code{[-]m.ddde[+-]xx} or \code{[-]m.dddE[+-]xx}.
|
| 71 |
}
|
72 |
}
|
| 72 |
\item{\code{g, G}}{Double precision value, in \code{\%e} or
|
73 |
\item{\code{g}, \code{G}}{Double precision value, in \code{\%e} or
|
| 73 |
\code{\%E} format if the exponent is less than -4 or greater than or
|
74 |
\code{\%E} format if the exponent is less than -4 or greater than or
|
| 74 |
equal to the precision, and \code{\%f} format otherwise.
|
75 |
equal to the precision, and \code{\%f} format otherwise.
|
| 75 |
(The precision (default 6) specifies the number of
|
76 |
(The precision (default 6) specifies the number of
|
| 76 |
\emph{significant} digits here, whereas in \code{\%f, \%e}, it is
|
77 |
\emph{significant} digits here, whereas in \code{\%f, \%e}, it is
|
| 77 |
the number of digits after the decimal point.)
|
78 |
the number of digits after the decimal point.)
|
| 78 |
}
|
79 |
}
|
| 79 |
\item{\code{a, A}}{Double precision value, in binary notation of the
|
80 |
\item{\code{a}, \code{A}}{Double precision value, in binary notation
|
| 80 |
form \code{[-]0xh.hhhp[+-]d}. This is a binary fraction
|
81 |
of the form \code{[-]0xh.hhhp[+-]d}. This is a binary fraction
|
| 81 |
expressed in hex multiplied by a (decimal) power of 2. The number
|
82 |
expressed in hex multiplied by a (decimal) power of 2. The number
|
| 82 |
of hex digits after the decimal point is specified by the precision:
|
83 |
of hex digits after the decimal point is specified by the precision:
|
| 83 |
the default is enough digits to represent exactly the internal
|
84 |
the default is enough digits to represent exactly the internal
|
| 84 |
binary representation. Non-finite values are converted to \code{NA},
|
85 |
binary representation. Non-finite values are converted to \code{NA},
|
| 85 |
\code{NaN} or (perhaps a sign followed by) \code{Inf}. Format
|
86 |
\code{NaN} or (perhaps a sign followed by) \code{Inf}. Format
|
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