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% File src/library/base/man/save.Rd
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% File src/library/base/man/save.Rd
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% Part of the R package, http://www.R-project.org
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% Part of the R package, http://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2011 R Core Team
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% Copyright 1995-2013 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{save}
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\name{save}
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\alias{save}
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\alias{save}
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\alias{save.image}
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\alias{save.image}
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\code{save} writes an external representation of \R objects to the
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\code{save} writes an external representation of \R objects to the
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specified file. The objects can be read back from the file at a later
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specified file. The objects can be read back from the file at a later
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date by using the function \code{load} (or \code{data} in some cases).
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date by using the function \code{load} (or \code{data} in some cases).
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\code{save.image()} is just a short-cut for \sQuote{save my current
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\code{save.image()} is just a short-cut for \sQuote{save my current
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workspace},
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i.e., \code{save(list = ls(all = TRUE), file = ".RData")}. It is also what
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workspace}, i.e., \code{save(list = ls(all = TRUE), file =
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happens with \code{\link{q}("yes")}.
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".RData")}. It is also what happens with \code{\link{q}("yes")}.
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}
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}
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\usage{
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\usage{
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save(\dots, list = character(),
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save(\dots, list = character(),
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file = stop("'file' must be specified"),
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file = stop("'file' must be specified"),
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ascii = FALSE, version = NULL, envir = parent.frame(),
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ascii = FALSE, version = NULL, envir = parent.frame(),
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character strings).}
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character strings).}
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\item{list}{A character vector containing the names of objects to be
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\item{list}{A character vector containing the names of objects to be
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saved.}
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saved.}
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\item{file}{a (writable binary-mode) \link{connection} or the name of the
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\item{file}{a (writable binary-mode) \link{connection} or the name of the
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file where the data will be saved (when \link{tilde expansion}
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file where the data will be saved (when \link{tilde expansion}
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is done). Must be a file name for \code{version = 1}.}
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is done). Must be a file name for \code{save.image} or
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\code{version = 1}.}
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\item{ascii}{if \code{TRUE}, an ASCII representation of the data is
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\item{ascii}{if \code{TRUE}, an ASCII representation of the data is
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written. The default value of \code{ascii} is \code{FALSE} which
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written. The default value of \code{ascii} is \code{FALSE} which
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leads to a binary file being written.}
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leads to a binary file being written.}
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\item{version}{the workspace format version to use. \code{NULL}
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\item{version}{the workspace format version to use. \code{NULL}
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specifies the current default format. The version used from \R
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specifies the current default format. The version used from \R
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0.99.0 to \R 1.3.1 was version 1. The default format as from \R
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0.99.0 to \R 1.3.1 was version 1. The default format as from \R
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1.4.0 is version 2.}
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1.4.0 is version 2.}
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\item{envir}{environment to search for objects to be saved.}
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\item{envir}{environment to search for objects to be saved.}
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\item{compress}{logical or character string specifying whether saving
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\item{compress}{logical or character string specifying whether saving
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to a named file is to use compression. \code{TRUE} corresponds to
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to a named file is to use compression. \code{TRUE} corresponds to
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\command{gzip} compression, and (from \R 2.10.0) character strings
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\command{gzip} compression, and character strings \code{"gzip"},
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\code{"gzip"}, \code{"bzip2"} or \code{"xz"} specify the
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\code{"bzip2"} or \code{"xz"} specify the type of
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type of compression. Ignored when \code{file} is a connection
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compression. Ignored when \code{file} is a connection and
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and for workspace format version 1.}
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for workspace format version 1.}
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\item{compression_level}{integer: the level of compression to be
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\item{compression_level}{integer: the level of compression to be
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used. Defaults to \code{6} for \command{gzip} compression and to
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used. Defaults to \code{6} for \command{gzip} compression and to
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\code{9} for \command{bzip2} or \command{xz} compression.}
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\code{9} for \command{bzip2} or \command{xz} compression.}
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\item{eval.promises}{logical: should objects which are promises be
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\item{eval.promises}{logical: should objects which are promises be
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forced before saving?}
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forced before saving?}
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\code{save.image}), see also the \sQuote{Examples} section. If a
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\code{save.image}), see also the \sQuote{Examples} section. If a
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\code{"save.image.defaults"} option is set it is used in preference to
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\code{"save.image.defaults"} option is set it is used in preference to
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\code{"save.defaults"} for function \code{save.image} (which allows
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\code{"save.defaults"} for function \code{save.image} (which allows
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this to have different defaults).
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this to have different defaults).
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A connection that is not already open will be opened in mode
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A connection that is not already open will be opened in mode \code{"wb"}.
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\code{"wb"}.
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}
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}
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\section{Compression}{
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\section{Compression}{
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Large files can be reduced considerably in size by compression. A
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Large files can be reduced considerably in size by compression. A
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particular 46MB dataset was saved as 35MB without compression in 2
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particular 46MB object was saved as 35MB without compression in 2
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seconds, 22MB with \command{gzip} compression in 8 secs, 19MB with
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seconds, 22MB with \command{gzip} compression in 8 secs, 19MB with
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\command{bzip2} compression in 13 secs and 9.4MB with \command{xz}
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\command{bzip2} compression in 13 secs and 9.4MB with \command{xz}
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compression in 40 secs. The load times were 1.3, 2.8, 5.5 and 5.7
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compression in 40 secs. The load times were 1.3, 2.8, 5.5 and 5.7
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seconds respectively. These results are indicative, but the relative
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seconds respectively. These results are indicative, but the relative
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performances do depend on the actual file and \command{xz} did
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performances do depend on the actual file: \command{xz} compressed
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unusually well here.
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unusually well here.
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It is possible to compress later (with \command{gzip}, \command{bzip2}
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It is possible to compress later (with \command{gzip}, \command{bzip2}
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or \command{xz}) a file saved with \code{compress = FALSE}: the effect
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or \command{xz}) a file saved with \code{compress = FALSE}: the effect
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is the same as saving with compression. Also, a saved file can be
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is the same as saving with compression. Also, a saved file can be
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In addition: Warning message:
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In addition: Warning message:
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In gzfile(file, "wb") :
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In gzfile(file, "wb") :
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cannot open compressed file '.RDataTmp',
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cannot open compressed file '.RDataTmp',
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probable reason 'Permission denied'
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probable reason 'Permission denied'
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}
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}
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The defaults were changed to use compressed saves for \code{save} in
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2.3.0 and for \code{save.image} in 2.4.0. Any recent version of \R
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can read compressed save files, and a compressed file can be
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uncompressed (by \code{gzip -d}) for use with very old versions of \R.
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#ifdef windows
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#ifdef windows
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\code{file} can be a UTF-8-encoded filepath that cannot be translated to
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\code{file} can be a UTF-8-encoded filepath that cannot be translated to
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the current locale.
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the current locale.
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#endif
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#endif
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