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Note that a \code{\link{data.frame}} is \strong{not} a matrix by this
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Note that a \code{\link{data.frame}} is \strong{not} a matrix by this
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test. The function is generic: you can write methods to handle
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test. The function is generic: you can write methods to handle
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specific classes of objects, see \link{InternalMethods}.
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specific classes of objects, see \link{InternalMethods}.
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\code{as.matrix} is a generic function. The method for data frames
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\code{as.matrix} is a generic function. The method for data frames
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will return a character matrix if there is any
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will return a character matrix if there is only atomic columns and any
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non-(numeric/logical/complex) column, applying \code{\link{format}} to
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non-(numeric/logical/complex) column, applying \code{\link{as.vector}}
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non-character columns. Otherwise, the usual coercion hierarchy
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to factors and \code{\link{format}} to other non-character columns.
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(logical < integer < double < complex) will be used, e.g., all-logical
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Otherwise, the usual coercion hierarchy (logical < integer < double <
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data frames will be coerced to a logical matrix, mixed logical-integer
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complex) will be used, e.g., all-logical data frames will be coerced
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will give a integer matrix, etc.
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to a logical matrix, mixed logical-integer will give a integer matrix,
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etc.
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The default method for \code{as.matrix} calls \code{as.vector(x)}, and
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The default method for \code{as.matrix} calls \code{as.vector(x)}, and
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hence e.g. coerces factors to character vectors.
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hence e.g. coerces factors to character vectors.
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When coercing a vector, it produces a one-column matrix, and
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When coercing a vector, it produces a one-column matrix, and
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