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% File src/library/base/man/match.Rd
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% File src/library/base/man/match.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2016 R Core Team
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% Copyright 1995-2017 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{match}
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\name{match}
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\alias{match}
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\alias{match}
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\alias{\%in\%}
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\alias{\%in\%}
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  simple cases.
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  simple cases.
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  Exactly what matches what is to some extent a matter of definition.
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  Exactly what matches what is to some extent a matter of definition.
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  For all types, \code{NA} matches \code{NA} and no other value.
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  For all types, \code{NA} matches \code{NA} and no other value.
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  For real and complex values, \code{NaN} values are regarded
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  For real and complex values, \code{NaN} values are regarded
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  as matching any other \code{NaN} value, but not matching \code{NA}.
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  as matching any other \code{NaN} value, but not matching \code{NA},
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  where for complex \code{x}, real and imaginary parts must match both
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  (unless containing at least one \code{NA}).
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  Character strings will be compared as byte sequences if any input is
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  Character strings will be compared as byte sequences if any input is
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  marked as \code{"bytes"}, and otherwise are regarded as equal if they are
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  marked as \code{"bytes"}, and otherwise are regarded as equal if they are
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  in different encodings but would agree when translated to UTF-8 (see
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  in different encodings but would agree when translated to UTF-8 (see
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  \code{\link{Encoding}}).
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  \code{\link{Encoding}}).
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r <- c(1, NA, NaN)
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r <- c(1, NA, NaN)
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zN <- c(complex(real = NA , imaginary =  r ), complex(real =  r , imaginary = NA ),
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zN <- c(complex(real = NA , imaginary =  r ), complex(real =  r , imaginary = NA ),
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        complex(real =  r , imaginary = NaN), complex(real = NaN, imaginary =  r ))
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        complex(real =  r , imaginary = NaN), complex(real = NaN, imaginary =  r ))
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zM <- cbind(Re=Re(zN), Im=Im(zN), match = match(zN, zN))
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zM <- cbind(Re=Re(zN), Im=Im(zN), match = match(zN, zN))
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rownames(zM) <- format(zN)
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rownames(zM) <- format(zN)
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zM ##--> only two different matches: NA or non-NA NaN
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zM ##--> many "NA's" (= 1) and the four non-NA's (3 different ones, at 7,9,10)
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length(zN) # 12
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length(zN) # 12
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unique(zN) # only two: the "NA" and the first non-NA NaN:
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unique(zN) # the "NA" and the 3 different non-NA NaN's
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stopifnot(identical(unique(zN), zN[c(1,7)]))
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stopifnot(identical(unique(zN), zN[c(1, 7,9,10)]))
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## very strict equality would have 4 duplicates (of 12):
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## very strict equality would have 4 duplicates (of 12):
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symnum(outer(zN, zN, Vectorize(identical,c("x","y")),
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symnum(outer(zN, zN, Vectorize(identical,c("x","y")),
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                     FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE))
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                     FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE))
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## removing "(very strictly) duplicates",
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## removing "(very strictly) duplicates",