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  with other systems.)  All three have \code{iconvlist}, ignore case in
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  with other systems.)  All three have \code{iconvlist}, ignore case in
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  encoding names and support \samp{//TRANSLIT} (but with different
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  encoding names and support \samp{//TRANSLIT} (but with different
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  results, and for \samp{win_iconv} currently a \sQuote{best fit}
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  results, and for \samp{win_iconv} currently a \sQuote{best fit}
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  strategy is used except for \code{to = "ASCII"}).
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  strategy is used except for \code{to = "ASCII"}).
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  Most commercial Unixes contain an implemetation of \code{iconv} but
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  Most commercial Unixes contain an implementation of \code{iconv} but
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  none we have encountered have supported the encoding names we need:
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  none we have encountered have supported the encoding names we need:
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  the \dQuote{R Installation and Administration Manual} recommends
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  the \dQuote{R Installation and Administration Manual} recommends
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  installing GNU \samp{libiconv} on Solaris and AIX, for example.
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  installing GNU \samp{libiconv} on Solaris and AIX, for example.
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  There are other implementations, e.g.\sspace{} NetBSD has used one from the
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  There are other implementations, e.g.\sspace{} NetBSD has used one from the
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  not been reported whether or not these work with \R.
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  not been reported whether or not these work with \R.
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  Note that you cannot rely on invalid inputs being detected, especially
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  Note that you cannot rely on invalid inputs being detected, especially
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  for \code{to = "ASCII"} where some implementations allow 8-bit
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  for \code{to = "ASCII"} where some implementations allow 8-bit
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  characters and pass them through unchanged or with transliteration.
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  characters and pass them through unchanged or with transliteration.
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  Some of the implementations have interesting extra encodings: for
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  Some of the implementations have interesting extra encodings: for
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  example GNU \samp{libiconv} allows \code{to = "C99"} to use
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  example GNU \samp{libiconv} allows \code{to = "C99"} to use
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  \samp{\\uxxxx} escapes for non-ASCII characters.
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  \samp{\\uxxxx} escapes for non-ASCII characters.
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}
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}
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  as one of \code{"UCS-2"}, \code{"UTF-16"} and
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  as one of \code{"UCS-2"}, \code{"UTF-16"} and
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  \code{"UTF-32"}.  Implementations differ in how they treat BOMs in
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  \code{"UTF-32"}.  Implementations differ in how they treat BOMs in
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  \code{x} in other \code{from} encodings: they may be discarded,
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  \code{x} in other \code{from} encodings: they may be discarded,
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  returned as character \code{U+FEFF} or regarded as invalid.
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  returned as character \code{U+FEFF} or regarded as invalid.
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}
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}
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\value{
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\value{
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  If \code{toRaw = FALSE} (the default), the value is a character vector
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  If \code{toRaw = FALSE} (the default), the value is a character vector
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  of the same length and the same attributes as \code{x} (after
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  of the same length and the same attributes as \code{x} (after
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  conversion to a character vector).
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  conversion to a character vector).
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}
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}
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\note{
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\note{
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  The only reasonably portable name for the ISO 8859-15 encoding,
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  The only reasonably portable name for the ISO 8859-15 encoding,
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  commonly known as \sQuote{Latin 9}, is \code{"latin-9"}: some
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  commonly known as \sQuote{Latin 9}, is \code{"latin-9"}: some
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  platforms support \code{"latin9"} but GNU \samp{libiconv} does not.
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  platforms support \code{"latin9"} but GNU \samp{libiconv} does not.
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  Encoding names \code{"utf8"}, \code{"mac"} and \code{"macroman"} are
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  Encoding names \code{"utf8"}, \code{"mac"} and \code{"macroman"} are
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  not portable.  \code{"utf8"} is converted to \code{"UTF-8"} for
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  not portable.  \code{"utf8"} is converted to \code{"UTF-8"} for
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  \code{from} and \code{to} by \code{iconv}, but not
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  \code{from} and \code{to} by \code{iconv}, but not
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  for e.g.\sspace{}\code{fileEncoding} arguments.  \code{"macintosh"} is
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  for e.g.\sspace{}\code{fileEncoding} arguments.  \code{"macintosh"} is
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  the official (and most widely supported) name for \sQuote{Mac Roman}
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  the official (and most widely supported) name for \sQuote{Mac Roman}