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% File src/library/base/man/data.matrix.Rd
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% File src/library/base/man/data.matrix.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 1995-2008 R Core Team
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% Copyright 1995-2019 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{data.matrix}
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\name{data.matrix}
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\alias{data.matrix}
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\alias{data.matrix}
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\title{Convert a Data Frame to a Numeric Matrix}
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\title{Convert a Data Frame to a Numeric Matrix}
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\usage{
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\usage{
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data.matrix(frame, rownames.force = NA)
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data.matrix(frame, rownames.force = NA)
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}
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}
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\arguments{
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\arguments{
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\item{frame}{a data frame whose components are logical vectors,
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\item{frame}{a data frame whose components are logical vectors,
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factors or numeric vectors.}
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factors or numeric or character vectors.}
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\item{rownames.force}{logical indicating if the resulting matrix
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\item{rownames.force}{logical indicating if the resulting matrix
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should have character (rather than \code{NULL})
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should have character (rather than \code{NULL})
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\code{\link{rownames}}. The default, \code{NA}, uses \code{NULL}
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\code{\link{rownames}}. The default, \code{NA}, uses \code{NULL}
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rownames if the data frame has \sQuote{automatic} row.names or for a
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rownames if the data frame has \sQuote{automatic} row.names or for a
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zero-row data frame.}
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zero-row data frame.}
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}
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}
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\details{
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\details{
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Logical and factor columns are converted to integers. Any other
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Logical and factor columns are converted to integers. Character
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columns are first converted to factors and then to integers. Any other
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column which is not numeric (according to \code{\link{is.numeric}}) is
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column which is not numeric (according to \code{\link{is.numeric}}) is
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converted by \code{\link{as.numeric}} or, for S4 objects,
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converted by \code{\link{as.numeric}} or, for S4 objects,
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\code{\link{as}(, "numeric")}. If all columns are integer (after
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\code{\link{as}(, "numeric")}. If all columns are integer (after
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conversion) the result is an integer matrix, otherwise a numeric
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conversion) the result is an integer matrix, otherwise a numeric
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(double) matrix.
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(double) matrix.
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