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% File src/library/base/man/octmode.Rd
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% File src/library/base/man/octmode.Rd
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
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% Copyright 2012 R Core Team
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% Copyright 2016-2017 R Core Team
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
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\name{bitwise}
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\name{bitwise}
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\alias{bitwNot}
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\alias{bitwNot}
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\alias{bitwAnd}
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\alias{bitwAnd}
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  coercion) or an invalid shift.
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  coercion) or an invalid shift.
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}
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}
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\seealso{
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\seealso{
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  The logical operators, \code{\link{!}},  \code{\link{&}},
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  The logical operators, \code{\link{!}},  \code{\link{&}},
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  \code{\link{|}}, \code{\link{xor}}.
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  \code{\link{|}}, \code{\link{xor}}.
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  Notably these \emph{do} work bitwise for \code{\link{raw}} arguments.
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  The classes \code{"octmode"} and \code{"hexmnode"} whose
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  The classes \code{"\link{octmode}"} and \code{"\link{hexmode}"} whose
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  implementation of the standard logical operators is based on these
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  implementation of the standard logical operators is based on these
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  functions.
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  functions.
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  Package \pkg{bitOps} has similar functions for numeric vectors which
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  Package \CRANpkg{bitops} has similar functions for numeric vectors which
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  differ in the way they treat integers \eqn{2^{31}}{2^31} or larger.
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  differ in the way they treat integers \eqn{2^{31}}{2^31} or larger.
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}
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}
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\examples{
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\examples{
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bitwNot(0:12) # -1 -2  ... -13
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bitwAnd(15L, 7L)
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bitwAnd(15L, 7L) #  7
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bitwOr(15L, 7L)
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bitwOr (15L, 7L) # 15
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bitwXor(15L, 7L)
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bitwXor(15L, 7L) #  8
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bitwXor(-1L, 1L)
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bitwXor(-1L, 1L) # -2
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## The "same" for 'raw' instead of integer :
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rr12 <- as.raw(0:12) ; rbind(rr12, !rr12)
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c(r15 <- as.raw(15), r7 <- as.raw(7)) #  0f 07
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r15 & r7    # 07
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r15 | r7    # 0f
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xor(r15, r7)# 08
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bitwShiftR(-1, 1:31) # shifts of 2^32-1 = 4294967295
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bitwShiftR(-1, 1:31) # shifts of 2^32-1 = 4294967295
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}
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}
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\keyword{logic}
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\keyword{logic}