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R for Windows
=============

This distribution contains the sources to build a port of R to run on
Windows 95, 98, ME, NT4, 2000 and XP on Intel/clone chips. See the
file `README.rw1xxx' for fuller details, including how to install the binary
versions.


Building From Source on Windows
===============================

[Some further details, including how to debug, are given in the rw-FAQ.]

First collect the tools that you need.  There is a `portal' with
current links at http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/Rtools/.


Collect the tools
-----------------

You will need suitable versions of at least make, sh, cat, cp, cut,
diff, echo, egrep, expr, grep, ls, mkdir, mv, rm, sed, touch; we use
those from the cygwin distribution
(http://www.cygwin.com/mirrors.html) or (gzip, makeinfo, texindex, tidy)
compiled from the sources.  We have packaged a set at
http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/Rtools/tools.zip.

BEWARE: `Native' ports of make are _not_ suitable (including that at
the mingw site).  There were also problems with several earlier
versions of the cygwin tools and dll.  To avoid frustration, please
use our tool set, and make sure it is at the front of your path.

To compile this version you need a recent version of the Mingw port of
gcc from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/.  There will probably
be a distribution called something like MinGW-2.0.0-3.exe, or you can
get the components (binutils-2.13, gcc-3.2, mingw-runtime-2.3 and
w32api-2.1 or later.)  Earlier versions will probably work, but
mingw-runtime >= 2.0 and w32api >= 2.0 are essential.

No earlier Mingw compiler has been tested and support for using the
Cygwin compiler has been withdrawn.  If you see errors about `-shared'
not being understood or `__imp_foo' missing, you are not using the
recommended compiler.


The Windows port of perl5, available via
http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePerl/.
BEWARE: you do need the *Windows* port and not the Cygwin one.

zip and unzip from the Info-ZIP project (http://www.info-zip.org and
mirrors, and included in our tools.zip).


If you want to make compiled html (.chm) files you will need the
Microsoft HTML Help Workshop, currently available for download at
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/htmlhelp/html/hwmicrosofthtmlhelpdownloads.asp
and http://www.microsoft.com/office/ork/xp/appndx/appa06.htm

You may need this on the same drive as the other tools. (Although we
have successfully used it elsewhere, others have reported problems).


All of these need to be installed and in your path, and the
appropriate environment variables set.  You also need `.' in your path.
Do not use paths with spaces in: you can always use the short forms.


Check your path
---------------

You need the following in your path:
.
our toolset
mingw\bin
Perl\bin
the latex bin directory
zip.exe, unzip.exe, hhc.exe

Do not use spaces nor unnecessary quotes in your PATH variable.

Do not have our toolset and any other version of cygwin1.dll in your path.


Building
--------

You also need the R source (R-1.x.y.tgz).

Then: untar R-1.x.y.tgz somewhere (with no spaces in the path names),

    cd /somewhere
    tar zxvf /path/to/R-1.x.y.tgz
    cd /somewhere/R-1.x.y/src/gnuwin32

BEWARE: do untar the sources, and not use broken tools such as WinZip that
don't understand about symbolic links.

IMPORTANT: edit MkRules to set the appropriate paths as needed and to
set the type(s) of help that you want built.  BEWARE: MkRules contains
tabs and some editors (e.g. WinEdt) silently remove them.

Then run

    make


Note 1: The file bin/Rchtml.dll is only built if CHM help is
specified in MkRules. Its source is the help directory, and you need
the HTML Help Workshop files to build it.  You can just
copy this from a binary distribution.

Note 2: we have had reports that earlier versions of Norton Anti-Virus
lock up the machine when windres is run, so you may need to disable
it. (Norton Anti-Virus 2002 causes no problems.)

Note 3: By default Doug Lea's malloc in the file src/gnuwin32/malloc.c is
used.  You can opt out of this by commenting the line LEA_MALLOC=YES
in MkRules, in which case the Windows malloc is used.  The one
in crtdll.dll is unlikely to be satisfactory: the one in msvcrt.dll
does work but imposes a considerable performance penalty.


You can test a build by `make check'.  You may need to set TMPDIR to
(the absolute path to) a suitable temporary directory: the default is
c:/TEMP.  (Use forward slashes.)


Using ATLAS
-----------

You can make use of ATLAS (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) fast
BLAS libraries by defining USE_ATLAS=YES in MkRules and specifying the
path to the libraries in macro ATLAS_PATH.

You will need to build the libraries optimized for your architecture
under the Cygwin compilers.  (The pre-compiled libraries on that site
are for Compaq Visual Fortran, and you need to compile for g77.)

For convenience

    make Rblas-clean Rblas

will re-make the Rblas.dll and so allows experimentation with different BLAS
configurations.

Prebuilt Rblas.dll for various Pentium and AthlonXP chips are available
in the windows/contrib/ATLAS area on CRAN.


Building bitmap device support
------------------------------

The file bin/Rbitmap.dll is not built automatically: instructions on
how to build it are in the file bitmap/INSTALL.

If everything is set up in directory bitmap,

    make bitmapdll

will work from this directory.


Building Tcl/Tk support
-----------------------

The TclTk support package is not built automatically.  Get
http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/Rtools/R_Tcl.zip and unzip it at the top
level of the R sources: it will add a Tcl directory.  Then

    make tcl

will make the package.


Recommended packages
====================

The recommended packages can be built by

    make recommended

and checked by

    make check-recommended


If you are using a cvs/rsync version of the R sources, you need to put
the .tar.gz files for the recommended packages in
../library/Recommended, and copy foo_*.tar.gz to foo.tgz.  If you have
rsync installed,

    make rsync-recommended

does this from the CRAN master.


Building the Manuals
====================

To make the PDF versions of the manuals you will need pdftex installed
and configured to work with a large file: see doc/manual/README.  You
also need texindex (included in our tool set).  Then the pdf manuals
can be made by

    make docs

If you want to make the info versions (not the Reference Manual), use

    cd ../../doc/manual
    make -f Makefile.win info

To make DVI versions of the manuals use

    cd ../../doc/manual
    make -f Makefile.win dvi

(assuming you have tex and latex installed and in your path).

To make HTML versions of the manuals (not the Reference Manual) use

    cd ../../doc/manual
    make -f Makefile.win html

This makes use of tidy.exe, available via http://tidy.sourceforge.net/,
with a compiled version included in our tool set.

The fptex distribution of TeX (via www.fptex.org) includes a suitable
port of pdftex.


Building the installers
=======================

See installer/INSTALL.  You need to have the files for a complete R build, 
including bitmap and Tcl/Tk support and the manuals, as well as the \
recommended packages.

Once everything is set up

    make distribution
    make check-all

will make all the pieces and the installers and put them in the 
gnuwin32/cran subdirectory, then check the build.  This works by building
all the parts in the sequence:  

    Rpwd.exe (a utility needed in the build)
    rbuild (the executables, the FAQ docs etc.)
    rpackage (the base packages) 
    rdocs (the HTML documentation)  
    bitmapdll (the bitmap support files)    
    tcl (the TCL/TK support files and package)  
    recommended (the recommended packages)  
    docs (the manuals)
    rinstaller (the install program)
    crandir (the CRAN distribution directory)

The parts can be made individually if a full build is not needed, but
earlier parts must built before later ones.  (The Makefile doesn't
enforce this dependency---some build targets force a lot of
computation even if all files are up to date.)  The first four targets
are the default build if just "make" is run.


Cross-building on ix86 Linux
============================

You will need i386-mingw32 cross-compilers installed and in your path.
There is currently a complete set of tools at

    http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/Rtools/mingw-cross2.tar.bz2

(Just unpack this somewhere and put its bin directory in your path.)
Note that as from R 1.7.0 you do need versions >= 2.0 of mingw-runtime
and w32api and so a later set of cross-compilers than is needed for R
1.6.x.

You will need Perl, zip and unzip installed, as well as makeinfo >=
4.2 (part of GNU texinfo) and tidy (via http://tidy.sourceforge.net).

You also need the R source (R-1.x.y.tgz).

Then: untar R-1.x.y.tgz somewhere, and

    cd /somewhere/R-1.x.y/src/gnuwin32

Edit MkRules to set BUILD=CROSS and the appropriate paths (including
HEADER) as needed.

Edit MkRules to set the type(s) of help that you want built. (You
will not be able to cross-build .chm or .hlp files,
so WINHELP is automatically set to NO.)

You also need a working copy of this version of R on Linux: set
R_EXE in MkRules to point to it.

Packages can be made in the same way as natively: see the file
readme.packages.

(It is possible to cross-build the main installers using WINE, which
we leave as an exercise for the reader.)


Feedback
========

Please send comments and bug reports to

    R-windows@r-project.org