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* R FAQ: (R-FAQ).               The R statistical system FAQ.
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* R FAQ: (R-FAQ).               The R statistical system FAQ.
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END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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   R FAQ
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   R FAQ
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Frequently Asked Questions on R
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Frequently Asked Questions on R
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Version 1.8-9, 2003-10-23
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Version 1.8-10, 2003-10-24
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ISBN 3-901167-51-X
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ISBN 3-900051-01-1
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Kurt Hornik
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Kurt Hornik
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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*****************
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*****************
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  2.7 What documentation exists for R?
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  2.7 What documentation exists for R?
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  2.8 Citing R
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  2.8 Citing R
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  2.9 What mailing lists exist for R?
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  2.9 What mailing lists exist for R?
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  2.10 What is CRAN?
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  2.10 What is CRAN?
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  2.11 Can I use R for commercial purposes?
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  2.11 Can I use R for commercial purposes?
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  2.12 Why is R named R?
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3 R and S
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3 R and S
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  3.1 What is S?
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  3.1 What is S?
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  3.2 What is S-PLUS?
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  3.2 What is S-PLUS?
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  3.3 What are the differences between R and S?
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  3.3 What are the differences between R and S?
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1.3 Citing this document
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1.3 Citing this document
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========================
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========================
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In publications, please refer to this FAQ as Hornik (2003), "The R FAQ",
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In publications, please refer to this FAQ as Hornik (2003), "The R FAQ",
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and give the above, _official_ URL and the ISBN 3-901167-51-X.
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and give the above, _official_ URL and the ISBN 3-900051-01-1.
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1.4 Notation
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1.4 Notation
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============
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============
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Everything should be pretty standard.  `R>' is used for the R prompt, and a
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Everything should be pretty standard.  `R>' is used for the R prompt, and a
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`http://www.stat.Berkeley.EDU/users/statlabs/'.
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`http://www.stat.Berkeley.EDU/users/statlabs/'.
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   Last, but not least, Ross' and Robert's experience in designing and
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   Last, but not least, Ross' and Robert's experience in designing and
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implementing R is described in Ihaka & Gentleman (1996), "R: A Language for
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implementing R is described in Ihaka & Gentleman (1996), "R: A Language for
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Data Analysis and Graphics", _Journal of Computational and Graphical
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Data Analysis and Graphics", _Journal of Computational and Graphical
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Statistics_, *5*, 299-314.  *Note Citing R::.
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Statistics_, *5*, 299-314.
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   An annotated bibliography (BibTeX format) of R-related publications
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   An annotated bibliography (BibTeX format) of R-related publications
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which includes most of the above references can be found at
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which includes most of the above references can be found at
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     `http://www.R-project.org/doc/bib/R.bib'
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     `http://www.R-project.org/doc/bib/R.bib'
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2.8 Citing R
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2.8 Citing R
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============
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============
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To cite R in publications, use
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To cite R in publications, use
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     @article{,
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     @Manual{,
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       author =    {Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman},
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       title        = {R: A language and environment for statistical
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                       computing},
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       title =     {R: A Language for Data Analysis and Graphics},
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       author       = {{R Development Core Team}},
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       journal =   {Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics},
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       organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
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       year =      1996,
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       address      = {Vienna, Austria},
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       volume =    5,
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       year         = 2003,
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       number =    3,
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       note         = {ISBN 3-900051-00-3},
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       pages =     {299--314}
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       url          = {http://www.R-project.org}
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     }
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     }
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2.9 What mailing lists exist for R?
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2.9 What mailing lists exist for R?
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===================================
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===================================
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     `http://cran.br.R-project.org/'  (Universidade Federal de
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     `http://cran.br.R-project.org/'  (Universidade Federal de
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                                      Paraná, Brazil)
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                                      Paraná, Brazil)
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     `http://cran.ch.R-project.org/'  (ETH Zürich, Switzerland)
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     `http://cran.ch.R-project.org/'  (ETH Zürich, Switzerland)
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     `http://cran.de.R-project.org/'  (APP, Germany)
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     `http://cran.de.R-project.org/'  (APP, Germany)
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     `http://cran.dk.R-project.org/'  (SunSITE, Denmark)
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     `http://cran.dk.R-project.org/'  (SunSITE, Denmark)
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     `http://cran.es.R-project.org/'
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     `http://cran.es.R-project.org/'  (Spanish National Research
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     Spanish National Research
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     Network, Madrid, Spain
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                                      Network, Madrid, Spain)
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     `http://cran.hu.R-project.org/'  (Semmelweis U, Hungary)
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     `http://cran.hu.R-project.org/'  (Semmelweis U, Hungary)
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     `http://cran.uk.R-project.org/'  (U of Bristol, United
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     `http://cran.uk.R-project.org/'  (U of Bristol, United
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                                      Kingdom)
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                                      Kingdom)
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     `http://cran.us.R-project.org/'  (U of Wisconsin, USA)
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     `http://cran.us.R-project.org/'  (U of Wisconsin, USA)
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     `http://cran.za.R-project.org/'  (Rhodes U, South Africa)
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     `http://cran.za.R-project.org/'  (Rhodes U, South Africa)
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these may be used or seek the advice of your legal counsel.
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these may be used or seek the advice of your legal counsel.
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   None of the discussion in this section constitutes legal advice.  The R
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   None of the discussion in this section constitutes legal advice.  The R
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Core Team does not provide legal advice under any circumstances.
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Core Team does not provide legal advice under any circumstances.
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2.12 Why is R named R?
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======================
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The name is partly based on the (first) names of the first two R authors
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(Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka), and partly a play on the name of the
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Bell Labs language `S' (*note What is S?::).
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3 R and S
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3 R and S
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*********
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*********
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3.1 What is S?
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3.1 What is S?
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==============
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==============
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*normix*
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*normix*
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     One-dimensional normal mixture models classes, for, e.g., density
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     One-dimensional normal mixture models classes, for, e.g., density
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     estimation or clustering algorithms research and teaching; providing
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     estimation or clustering algorithms research and teaching; providing
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     the widely used Marron-Wand densities.
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     the widely used Marron-Wand densities.
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*nortest*
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     Five omnibus tests for the composite hypothesis of normality.
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*noverlap*
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*noverlap*
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     Functions to perform the regression depth method (RDM) to binary
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     Functions to perform the regression depth method (RDM) to binary
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     regression to approximate the amount of overlap, i.e., the minimal
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     regression to approximate the amount of overlap, i.e., the minimal
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     number of observations that need to be removed such that the reduced
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     number of observations that need to be removed such that the reduced
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     data set has no longer overlap.
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     data set has no longer overlap.