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R Under development (unstable) (2024-12-05 r87423) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"
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> ### tests of strftime (formatting POSIXlt objects via format.POSIXlt)
> 
> Sys.setenv(TZ = "Europe/Rome")
> 
> dt <- as.POSIXlt("2022-12-11 09:03;04")
> 
> ff <- c(LETTERS, letters)
> ff <- setdiff(c(LETTERS, letters),
+               c("E", "J", "K", "L", "N", "P", "O", "Q",
+                 "f", "i", "k", "l",  "o", "q",
+                 "r", # %r is locale- and implementation-dependent.
+                 "s", "v")
+               )
> 
> for (f in ff) {
+     f <- paste0("%", f)
+     cat(sprintf("%s: %s\n", f, format(dt, f)))
+ }
%A: Sunday
%B: December
%C: 20
%D: 12/11/22
%F: 2022-12-11
%G: 2022
%H: 09
%I: 09
%M: 03
%R: 09:03
%S: 00
%T: 09:03:00
%U: 50
%V: 49
%W: 49
%X: 09:03:00
%Y: 2022
%Z: CET
%a: Sun
%b: Dec
%c: Sun Dec 11 09:03:00 2022
%d: 11
%e: 11
%g: 22
%h: Dec
%j: 345
%m: 12
%n: 

%p: AM
%t:     
%u: 7
%w: 0
%x: 12/11/22
%y: 22
%z: +0100
> 
> ## 'not in the standards and less widely implemented'
> ## %P is a glibc extension which we added to IANA tzcode for R. Not in macOS.
> for (f in c("P", "k", "l", "s")) {
+     f <- paste0("%", f)
+     cat(sprintf("%s: %s\n", f, try(format(dt, f), silent = TRUE)))
+ }
%P: am
%k:  9
%l:  9
%s: 1670745780
> 
> ## week numbers
> dt2 <- as.POSIXlt(sprintf("%d-01-01 09:03;04", 2015:2018))
> cat(format(dt2, "%Y: %U %V %W"), sep = "\n")
2015: 00 01 00
2016: 00 53 00
2017: 01 52 00
2018: 00 01 01
> 
> ## recycling *both* {x, format} "heavily"; digits = <n> must influence %OS<empty>; PR#17350
> (fmt <- c("", paste0("%H:%M:%OS", c("", 2), " in %Y"),                  # || nasty (but "correct")
+           paste0("%Y-%m-%d", c("", paste0(" %H:%M:%OS", c("", 0, 1, 6, 9, 11))))))
 [1] ""                     "%H:%M:%OS in %Y"      "%H:%M:%OS2 in %Y"    
 [4] "%Y-%m-%d"             "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS"   "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS0" 
 [7] "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS1"  "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS6"  "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS9" 
[10] "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS11"
> weekD <- seq(as.Date("2020-04-01"), by = "weeks", length.out = 5 * length(fmt)) ; joff <- (0:4)*length(fmt)
> weekPlt <- as.POSIXlt(weekD, tz = "UTC")
> week.25 <- weekPlt + 0.25
> (Lf1 <- split(f1 <- format(weekPlt, format = fmt),             fmt))
[[1]]
[1] "2020-04-01" "2020-06-10" "2020-08-19" "2020-10-28" "2021-01-06"

$`%H:%M:%OS in %Y`
[1] "00:00:00 in 2020" "00:00:00 in 2020" "00:00:00 in 2020" "00:00:00 in 2020"
[5] "00:00:00 in 2021"

$`%H:%M:%OS2 in %Y`
[1] "00:00:00.00 in 2020" "00:00:00.00 in 2020" "00:00:00.00 in 2020"
[4] "00:00:00.00 in 2020" "00:00:00.00 in 2021"

$`%Y-%m-%d`
[1] "2020-04-22" "2020-07-01" "2020-09-09" "2020-11-18" "2021-01-27"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS`
[1] "2020-04-29 00:00:00" "2020-07-08 00:00:00" "2020-09-16 00:00:00"
[4] "2020-11-25 00:00:00" "2021-02-03 00:00:00"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS0`
[1] "2020-05-06 00:00:00" "2020-07-15 00:00:00" "2020-09-23 00:00:00"
[4] "2020-12-02 00:00:00" "2021-02-10 00:00:00"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS1`
[1] "2020-05-13 00:00:00.0" "2020-07-22 00:00:00.0" "2020-09-30 00:00:00.0"
[4] "2020-12-09 00:00:00.0" "2021-02-17 00:00:00.0"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS11`
[1] "2020-06-03 00:00:00.01" "2020-08-12 00:00:00.01" "2020-10-21 00:00:00.01"
[4] "2020-12-30 00:00:00.01" "2021-03-10 00:00:00.01"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS6`
[1] "2020-05-20 00:00:00.000000" "2020-07-29 00:00:00.000000"
[3] "2020-10-07 00:00:00.000000" "2020-12-16 00:00:00.000000"
[5] "2021-02-24 00:00:00.000000"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS9`
[1] "2020-05-27 00:00:00.000000" "2020-08-05 00:00:00.000000"
[3] "2020-10-14 00:00:00.000000" "2020-12-23 00:00:00.000000"
[5] "2021-03-03 00:00:00.000000"

> (Lf. <- split(f. <- format(week.25, format = fmt),             fmt))
[[1]]
[1] "2020-04-01 00:00:00" "2020-06-10 00:00:00" "2020-08-19 00:00:00"
[4] "2020-10-28 00:00:00" "2021-01-06 00:00:00"

$`%H:%M:%OS in %Y`
[1] "00:00:00 in 2020" "00:00:00 in 2020" "00:00:00 in 2020" "00:00:00 in 2020"
[5] "00:00:00 in 2021"

$`%H:%M:%OS2 in %Y`
[1] "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2020"
[4] "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2021"

$`%Y-%m-%d`
[1] "2020-04-22" "2020-07-01" "2020-09-09" "2020-11-18" "2021-01-27"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS`
[1] "2020-04-29 00:00:00" "2020-07-08 00:00:00" "2020-09-16 00:00:00"
[4] "2020-11-25 00:00:00" "2021-02-03 00:00:00"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS0`
[1] "2020-05-06 00:00:00" "2020-07-15 00:00:00" "2020-09-23 00:00:00"
[4] "2020-12-02 00:00:00" "2021-02-10 00:00:00"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS1`
[1] "2020-05-13 00:00:00.2" "2020-07-22 00:00:00.2" "2020-09-30 00:00:00.2"
[4] "2020-12-09 00:00:00.2" "2021-02-17 00:00:00.2"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS11`
[1] "2020-06-03 00:00:00.21" "2020-08-12 00:00:00.21" "2020-10-21 00:00:00.21"
[4] "2020-12-30 00:00:00.21" "2021-03-10 00:00:00.21"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS6`
[1] "2020-05-20 00:00:00.250000" "2020-07-29 00:00:00.250000"
[3] "2020-10-07 00:00:00.250000" "2020-12-16 00:00:00.250000"
[5] "2021-02-24 00:00:00.250000"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS9`
[1] "2020-05-27 00:00:00.250000" "2020-08-05 00:00:00.250000"
[3] "2020-10-14 00:00:00.250000" "2020-12-23 00:00:00.250000"
[5] "2021-03-03 00:00:00.250000"

> (Lf3 <- split(f3 <- format(week.25, format = fmt, digits = 3), fmt))
[[1]]
[1] "2020-04-01 00:00:00.25" "2020-06-10 00:00:00.25" "2020-08-19 00:00:00.25"
[4] "2020-10-28 00:00:00.25" "2021-01-06 00:00:00.25"

$`%H:%M:%OS in %Y`
[1] "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2020"
[4] "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2021"

$`%H:%M:%OS2 in %Y`
[1] "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2020"
[4] "00:00:00.25 in 2020" "00:00:00.25 in 2021"

$`%Y-%m-%d`
[1] "2020-04-22" "2020-07-01" "2020-09-09" "2020-11-18" "2021-01-27"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS`
[1] "2020-04-29 00:00:00.25" "2020-07-08 00:00:00.25" "2020-09-16 00:00:00.25"
[4] "2020-11-25 00:00:00.25" "2021-02-03 00:00:00.25"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS0`
[1] "2020-05-06 00:00:00" "2020-07-15 00:00:00" "2020-09-23 00:00:00"
[4] "2020-12-02 00:00:00" "2021-02-10 00:00:00"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS1`
[1] "2020-05-13 00:00:00.2" "2020-07-22 00:00:00.2" "2020-09-30 00:00:00.2"
[4] "2020-12-09 00:00:00.2" "2021-02-17 00:00:00.2"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS11`
[1] "2020-06-03 00:00:00.21" "2020-08-12 00:00:00.21" "2020-10-21 00:00:00.21"
[4] "2020-12-30 00:00:00.21" "2021-03-10 00:00:00.21"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS6`
[1] "2020-05-20 00:00:00.250000" "2020-07-29 00:00:00.250000"
[3] "2020-10-07 00:00:00.250000" "2020-12-16 00:00:00.250000"
[5] "2021-02-24 00:00:00.250000"

$`%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS9`
[1] "2020-05-27 00:00:00.250000" "2020-08-05 00:00:00.250000"
[3] "2020-10-14 00:00:00.250000" "2020-12-23 00:00:00.250000"
[5] "2021-03-03 00:00:00.250000"

> stopifnot(exprs = {
+     f3[2L+joff] == f3[3L+joff]
+     grepl("^00:00:00.25 in 202[01]", f3[2L+joff])
+     grepl("00:00:00.25$", f3[5L+joff]) # (was wrong shortly)
+     ## '%OS<n>' overrules 'digits' {was true forever}
+     format(week.25, format = "%OS0", digits = 3) == "00"
+     format(week.25, format = "%OS1", digits = 3) == "00.2"
+ })
> ## digits = 3 had no effect on "%OS " in R <= 4.4
> ## NB: 2nd %OS _never_ worked (internal C code) -- TODO: fix or doc
> unique(fOO_  <- format(week.25, "%OS|%OS3|"))
[1] "00|003|"
> unique(fOO_1 <- format(week.25, "%OS3|%OS1|%OS3|"))
[1] "00.250|001|003|"
> 
> 
> cat('Time elapsed: ', proc.time(),'\n')
Time elapsed:  0.096 0.035 0.13 0 0.002 
>