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R version 4.1.1 Patched (2021-10-12 r81047) -- "Kick Things"Copyright (C) 2021 The R Foundation for Statistical ComputingPlatform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.R is a collaborative project with many contributors.Type 'contributors()' for more information and'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.Type 'q()' to quit R.> #### eval / parse / deparse / substitute ...>> #### Part 2> #### ====== Recommended packages allowed .. output tests *sloppily*>> #### This file is skipped without recommended packages.>> srcdir <- file.path(Sys.getenv("SRCDIR"), "eval-fns.R")> source(if(file.exists(srcdir)) srcdir else "./eval-fns.R", echo = TRUE)> pd0 <- function(expr, backtick = TRUE, ...) parse(text = deparse(expr,+ backtick = backtick, ...))> id_epd <- function(expr, control = "all", ...) eval(pd0(expr,+ control = control, ...))> dPut <- function(x, control = "all") dput(x, control = control)> hasReal <- function(x) {+ if (is.double(x) || is.complex(x))+ !all((x == round(x, 3)) | is.na(x))+ else if (is.logical(x) || is. .... [TRUNCATED]> isMissObj <- function(obj) identical(obj, alist(a = )[[1]])> hasMissObj <- function(obj) {+ if (is.recursive(obj)) {+ if (is.function(obj) || is.language(obj))+ FALSE+ else .... [TRUNCATED]> check_EPD <- function(obj, show = !hasReal(obj), oNam = deparse(substitute(obj)),+ control = c("keepInteger", "showAttributes", "keepNA"), not .... [TRUNCATED]> runEPD_checks <- function(env = .GlobalEnv) {+ stopifnot(is.environment(env))+ for (nm in ls(envir = env)) {+ cat(nm, ": ", sep = .... [TRUNCATED]> rm("srcdir")>> require("Matrix")Loading required package: Matrix> D5. <- Diagonal(x = 5:1)> D5N <- D5.; D5N[5,5] <- NA> ## a subset/version of example(Matrix) : -------------------------------->> (Z32 <- Matrix(0, 3, 2)) # 3 by 2 matrix of zeros -> sparse3 x 2 sparse Matrix of class "dgCMatrix"[1,] . .[2,] . .[3,] . .> (z32 <- Matrix(0, 3, 2, sparse=FALSE))# -> 'dense'3 x 2 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"[,1] [,2][1,] 0 0[2,] 0 0[3,] 0 0>> ## 4 cases - 3 different results :> ## TODO (Z22 <- Matrix(0, 2, 2)) # diagonal from Matrix 1.3.* on> (Z22. <- Matrix(0, 2, 2, sparse=FALSE))# (ditto)2 x 2 diagonal matrix of class "ddiMatrix"[,1] [,2][1,] 0 .[2,] . 0> (Z22s <- Matrix(0, 2, 2, doDiag=FALSE))# -> sparse symm. "dsCMatrix"2 x 2 sparse Matrix of class "dsCMatrix"[1,] . .[2,] . .> (Z22d <- Matrix(0, 2, 2, sparse=FALSE, doDiag=FALSE))# -> dense symm. "dsyMatrix"2 x 2 Matrix of class "dsyMatrix"[,1] [,2][1,] 0 0[2,] 0 0>> ## logical ones:> (L4 <- Matrix(diag(4) > 0)) # -> "ldiMatrix" with diag = "U"4 x 4 diagonal matrix of class "ldiMatrix"[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4][1,] TRUE . . .[2,] . TRUE . .[3,] . . TRUE .[4,] . . . TRUE> ## TODO (L4. <- Matrix(diag(4) > 0, sparse=TRUE)) # ditto, from Matrix 1.3.* on> (L4d <- Matrix(diag(4) >= 0)) # -> "lsyMatrix" (of all 'TRUE')4 x 4 Matrix of class "lsyMatrix"[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4][1,] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE[2,] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE[3,] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE[4,] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE> ## triangular> l3 <- upper.tri(matrix(,3,3))> (M <- Matrix(l3)) # "ltCMatrix"3 x 3 sparse Matrix of class "ltCMatrix"[1,] . | |[2,] . . |[3,] . . .> (Nl3 <- Matrix(! l3)) # "ltrMatrix"3 x 3 Matrix of class "ltrMatrix"[,1] [,2] [,3][1,] TRUE . .[2,] TRUE TRUE .[3,] TRUE TRUE TRUE> (l3s <- as(l3, "CsparseMatrix"))# "lgCMatrix"3 x 3 sparse Matrix of class "lgCMatrix"[1,] . | |[2,] . . |[3,] . . .>> (I3 <- Matrix(diag(3)))# identity, i.e., unit "diagonalMatrix"3 x 3 diagonal matrix of class "ddiMatrix"[,1] [,2] [,3][1,] 1 . .[2,] . 1 .[3,] . . 1>> (ad <- cbind(a=c(2,1), b=1:2))# symmetric *apart* from dimnamesa b[1,] 2 1[2,] 1 2> (As <- Matrix(ad, dimnames = list(NULL,NULL)))# -> symmetric2 x 2 Matrix of class "dsyMatrix"[,1] [,2][1,] 2 1[2,] 1 2> forceSymmetric(ad) # also symmetric, w/ symm. dimnames2 x 2 Matrix of class "dsyMatrix"a ba 2 1b 1 2> stopifnot(is(As, "symmetricMatrix"),+ is(Matrix(0, 3,3), "sparseMatrix"),+ is(Matrix(FALSE, 1,1), "sparseMatrix"))>> ## a subset from example(sparseMatrix) : -------------------------------> i <- c(1,3:8); j <- c(2,9,6:10); x <- 7 * (1:7)> A <- sparseMatrix(i, j, x = x)> sA <- sparseMatrix(i, j, x = x, symmetric = TRUE)> tA <- sparseMatrix(i, j, x = x, triangular= TRUE)> ## dims can be larger than the maximum row or column indices> AA <- sparseMatrix(c(1,3:8), c(2,9,6:10), x = 7 * (1:7), dims = c(10,20))> ## i, j and x can be in an arbitrary order, as long as they are consistent> set.seed(1); (perm <- sample(1:7))[1] 1 4 7 2 5 3 6> A1 <- sparseMatrix(i[perm], j[perm], x = x[perm])> ## the (i,j) pairs can be repeated, in which case the x's are summed> args <- data.frame(i = c(i, 1), j = c(j, 2), x = c(x, 2))> Aa <- do.call(sparseMatrix, args)> A. <- do.call(sparseMatrix, c(args, list(use.last.ij = TRUE)))> ## for a pattern matrix, of course there is no "summing":> nA <- do.call(sparseMatrix, args[c("i","j")])> dn <- list(LETTERS[1:3], letters[1:5])> ## pointer vectors can be used, and the (i,x) slots are sorted if necessary:> m <- sparseMatrix(i = c(3,1, 3:2, 2:1), p= c(0:2, 4,4,6), x = 1:6, dimnames = dn)> ## no 'x' --> patter*n* matrix:> n <- sparseMatrix(i=1:6, j=rev(2:7))> ## an empty sparse matrix:> e <- sparseMatrix(dims = c(4,6), i={}, j={})> ## a symmetric one:> sy <- sparseMatrix(i= c(2,4,3:5), j= c(4,7:5,5), x = 1:5,+ dims = c(7,7), symmetric=TRUE)>>> runEPD_checks() # Action!A: new("dgCMatrix", i = c(0L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 7L), p = c(0L,0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L), Dim = c(8L, 10L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(7, 21, 28, 35, 14, 42, 49), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--A.: new("dgCMatrix", i = c(0L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 7L), p = c(0L,0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L), Dim = c(8L, 10L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(2, 21, 28, 35, 14, 42, 49), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--A1: new("dgCMatrix", i = c(0L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 7L), p = c(0L,0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L), Dim = c(8L, 10L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(7, 21, 28, 35, 14, 42, 49), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--AA: new("dgCMatrix", i = c(0L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 7L), p = c(0L,0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L,7L, 7L, 7L, 7L), Dim = c(10L, 20L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL),x = c(7, 21, 28, 35, 14, 42, 49), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--Aa: new("dgCMatrix", i = c(0L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 7L), p = c(0L,0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L), Dim = c(8L, 10L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(9, 21, 28, 35, 14, 42, 49), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--As: new("dsyMatrix", x = c(2, 1, 1, 2), Dim = c(2L, 2L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), uplo = "U", factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--D5.: new("ddiMatrix", diag = "N", Dim = c(5L, 5L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(5, 4, 3, 2, 1))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--D5N: new("ddiMatrix", diag = "N", Dim = c(5L, 5L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(5, 4, 3, 2, NA))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--I3: new("ddiMatrix", diag = "U", Dim = c(3L, 3L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = numeric(0))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--L4: new("ldiMatrix", diag = "U", Dim = c(4L, 4L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = logical(0))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--L4d: new("lsyMatrix", x = c(TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE,TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE), Dim = c(4L,4L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), uplo = "U", factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--M: new("ltCMatrix", i = c(0L, 0L, 1L), p = c(0L, 0L, 1L, 3L), Dim = c(3L,3L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(TRUE, TRUE, TRUE), uplo = "U",diag = "N")--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--Nl3: new("ltrMatrix", x = c(TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE,FALSE, TRUE), Dim = c(3L, 3L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), uplo = "L",diag = "N")--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--Z22.: new("ddiMatrix", diag = "N", Dim = c(2L, 2L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(0, 0))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--Z22d: new("dsyMatrix", x = c(0, 0, 0, 0), Dim = c(2L, 2L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), uplo = "U", factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--Z22s: new("dsCMatrix", i = integer(0), p = c(0L, 0L, 0L), Dim = c(2L,2L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = numeric(0), uplo = "U",factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--Z32: new("dgCMatrix", i = integer(0), p = c(0L, 0L, 0L), Dim = 3:2,Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = numeric(0), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--ad: structure(c(2, 1, 1, 2), .Dim = c(2L, 2L), .Dimnames = list(NULL,c("a", "b")))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--args: structure(list(i = c(1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1), j = c(2, 9, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 2), x = c(7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 2)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,-8L))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--check_EPD: function (obj, show = !hasReal(obj), oNam = deparse(substitute(obj)),control = c("keepInteger", "showAttributes", "keepNA"), not.identical.ldouble = if (!interactive()) c("t1","t2", "ydata"), eq.tol = if (noLdbl) 2 * .Machine$double.eps else 0){stopifnot(is.character(oNam))if (show)dPut(obj)if (is.environment(obj) || hasMissObj(obj)) {cat("__ not parse()able __:", if (is.environment(obj))"environment"else "hasMissObj(.) is true", "\n")return(invisible(obj))}ob2 <- id_epd(obj)po <- tryCatch(pd0(obj, control = control), error = function(e) {cat("default parse(*, deparse(obj)) failed:\n ", conditionMessage(e),"\n but deparse(*, control='all') should work.\n")pd0(obj, control = "all")})noLdbl <- (.Machine$sizeof.longdouble <= 8)if (!identical(obj, ob2, ignore.environment = TRUE, ignore.bytecode = TRUE,ignore.srcref = TRUE)) {ae <- all.equal(obj, ob2, tolerance = eq.tol, check.environment = FALSE)if (is.na(match(oNam, not.identical.ldouble))) {ae.txt <- "all.equal(*,*, tol = ..)"cat("not identical(*, ignore.env=T),", if (isTRUE(ae))paste("but", ae.txt), "\n")}if (!isTRUE(ae))stop("Not equal: ", ae.txt, paste(c(" giving", head(ae,2), if (length(ae) > 2) "...."), collapse = "\n "))}if (!is.language(obj)) {ob2. <- eval(obj)}if (show || !is.list(obj)) {cat(" --> checking list(*): ")check_EPD(list(.chk = obj), show = FALSE, oNam = oNam,eq.tol = eq.tol)cat("Ok\n")}invisible(obj)}--> checking list(*): Okchecking body(.):quote({stopifnot(is.character(oNam))if (show)dPut(obj)if (is.environment(obj) || hasMissObj(obj)) {cat("__ not parse()able __:", if (is.environment(obj))"environment"else "hasMissObj(.) is true", "\n")return(invisible(obj))}ob2 <- id_epd(obj)po <- tryCatch(pd0(obj, control = control), error = function(e) {cat("default parse(*, deparse(obj)) failed:\n ", conditionMessage(e),"\n but deparse(*, control='all') should work.\n")pd0(obj, control = "all")})noLdbl <- (.Machine$sizeof.longdouble <= 8)if (!identical(obj, ob2, ignore.environment = TRUE, ignore.bytecode = TRUE,ignore.srcref = TRUE)) {ae <- all.equal(obj, ob2, tolerance = eq.tol, check.environment = FALSE)if (is.na(match(oNam, not.identical.ldouble))) {ae.txt <- "all.equal(*,*, tol = ..)"cat("not identical(*, ignore.env=T),", if (isTRUE(ae))paste("but", ae.txt), "\n")}if (!isTRUE(ae))stop("Not equal: ", ae.txt, paste(c(" giving", head(ae,2), if (length(ae) > 2) "...."), collapse = "\n "))}if (!is.language(obj)) {ob2. <- eval(obj)}if (show || !is.list(obj)) {cat(" --> checking list(*): ")check_EPD(list(.chk = obj), show = FALSE, oNam = oNam,eq.tol = eq.tol)cat("Ok\n")}invisible(obj)})--> checking list(*): Okchecking formals(.):as.pairlist(alist(obj = , show = quote(!hasReal(obj)), oNam = quote(deparse(substitute(obj))), control = quote(c("keepInteger","showAttributes", "keepNA")), not.identical.ldouble = quote(if (!interactive()) c("t1","t2", "ydata")), eq.tol = quote(if (noLdbl) 2 * .Machine$double.eps else 0)))__ not parse()able __: hasMissObj(.) is true--=--=--=--=--dPut: function (x, control = "all")dput(x, control = control)--> checking list(*): Okchecking body(.):quote(dput(x, control = control))--> checking list(*): Okchecking formals(.):as.pairlist(alist(x = , control = "all"))__ not parse()able __: hasMissObj(.) is true--=--=--=--=--dn: list(c("A", "B", "C"), c("a", "b", "c", "d", "e"))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--e: new("ngCMatrix", i = integer(0), p = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,0L), Dim = c(4L, 6L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--hasMissObj: function (obj){if (is.recursive(obj)) {if (is.function(obj) || is.language(obj))FALSEelse any(vapply(obj, hasMissObj, NA))}else isMissObj(obj)}--> checking list(*): Okchecking body(.):quote({if (is.recursive(obj)) {if (is.function(obj) || is.language(obj))FALSEelse any(vapply(obj, hasMissObj, NA))}else isMissObj(obj)})--> checking list(*): Okchecking formals(.):as.pairlist(alist(obj = ))__ not parse()able __: hasMissObj(.) is true--=--=--=--=--hasReal: function (x){if (is.double(x) || is.complex(x))!all((x == round(x, 3)) | is.na(x))else if (is.logical(x) || is.integer(x) || is.symbol(x) ||is.call(x) || is.environment(x) || is.character(x))FALSEelse if (is.recursive(x))any(vapply(x, hasReal, NA))else if (isS4(x)) {if (length(sn <- slotNames(x)))any(vapply(sn, function(s) hasReal(slot(x, s)), NA))else FALSE}else FALSE}--> checking list(*): Okchecking body(.):quote({if (is.double(x) || is.complex(x))!all((x == round(x, 3)) | is.na(x))else if (is.logical(x) || is.integer(x) || is.symbol(x) ||is.call(x) || is.environment(x) || is.character(x))FALSEelse if (is.recursive(x))any(vapply(x, hasReal, NA))else if (isS4(x)) {if (length(sn <- slotNames(x)))any(vapply(sn, function(s) hasReal(slot(x, s)), NA))else FALSE}else FALSE})--> checking list(*): Okchecking formals(.):as.pairlist(alist(x = ))__ not parse()able __: hasMissObj(.) is true--=--=--=--=--i: c(1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--id_epd: function (expr, control = "all", ...)eval(pd0(expr, control = control, ...))--> checking list(*): Okchecking body(.):quote(eval(pd0(expr, control = control, ...)))--> checking list(*): Okchecking formals(.):as.pairlist(alist(expr = , control = "all", ... = ))__ not parse()able __: hasMissObj(.) is true--=--=--=--=--isMissObj: function (obj)identical(obj, alist(a = )[[1]])--> checking list(*): Okchecking body(.):quote(identical(obj, alist(a = )[[1]]))--> checking list(*): Okchecking formals(.):as.pairlist(alist(obj = ))__ not parse()able __: hasMissObj(.) is true--=--=--=--=--j: c(2, 9, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--l3: structure(c(FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE,FALSE), .Dim = c(3L, 3L))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--l3s: new("lgCMatrix", i = c(0L, 0L, 1L), p = c(0L, 0L, 1L, 3L), Dim = c(3L,3L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(TRUE, TRUE, TRUE), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--m: new("dgCMatrix", i = c(2L, 0L, 1L, 2L, 0L, 1L), p = c(0L, 1L,2L, 4L, 4L, 6L), Dim = c(3L, 5L), Dimnames = list(c("A", "B","C"), c("a", "b", "c", "d", "e")), x = c(1, 2, 4, 3, 6, 5), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--n: new("ngCMatrix", i = 5:0, p = c(0L, 0L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L), Dim = 6:7, Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--nA: new("ngCMatrix", i = c(0L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 7L), p = c(0L,0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L), Dim = c(8L, 10L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--pd0: function (expr, backtick = TRUE, ...)parse(text = deparse(expr, backtick = backtick, ...))--> checking list(*): Okchecking body(.):quote(parse(text = deparse(expr, backtick = backtick, ...)))--> checking list(*): Okchecking formals(.):as.pairlist(alist(expr = , backtick = TRUE, ... = ))__ not parse()able __: hasMissObj(.) is true--=--=--=--=--perm: c(1L, 4L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 3L, 6L)--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--runEPD_checks: function (env = .GlobalEnv){stopifnot(is.environment(env))for (nm in ls(envir = env)) {cat(nm, ": ", sep = "")x <- env[[nm]]check_EPD(x, oNam = nm)if (is.function(x) && !inherits(x, "classGeneratorFunction")) {cat("checking body(.):\n")check_EPD(if (is.language(bx <- body(x)))removeSource(bx)else bx)cat("checking formals(.):\n")check_EPD(formals(x))}cat("--=--=--=--=--\n")}}--> checking list(*): Okchecking body(.):quote({stopifnot(is.environment(env))for (nm in ls(envir = env)) {cat(nm, ": ", sep = "")x <- env[[nm]]check_EPD(x, oNam = nm)if (is.function(x) && !inherits(x, "classGeneratorFunction")) {cat("checking body(.):\n")check_EPD(if (is.language(bx <- body(x)))removeSource(bx)else bx)cat("checking formals(.):\n")check_EPD(formals(x))}cat("--=--=--=--=--\n")}})--> checking list(*): Okchecking formals(.):pairlist(env = quote(.GlobalEnv))--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--sA: new("dsCMatrix", i = c(0L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 7L), p = c(0L,0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L), Dim = c(10L, 10L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(7, 21, 28, 35, 14, 42, 49), uplo = "U",factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--sy: new("dsCMatrix", i = c(1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 3L), p = c(0L, 0L, 0L,0L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 5L), Dim = c(7L, 7L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL),x = c(1, 4, 5, 3, 2), uplo = "U", factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--tA: new("dtCMatrix", i = c(0L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 7L), p = c(0L,0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L), Dim = c(10L, 10L), Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), x = c(7, 21, 28, 35, 14, 42, 49), uplo = "U",diag = "N")--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--x: c(7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49)--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=--z32: new("dgeMatrix", x = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), Dim = 3:2, Dimnames = list(NULL, NULL), factors = list())--> checking list(*): Ok--=--=--=--=-->> summary(warnings())Length Class Mode0 NULL NULL> ## at the very end> cat('Time elapsed: ', proc.time(), "\n")Time elapsed: 1.466 0.117 1.588 0 0.005>