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COPYRIGHT STATUS

The bulk of this code is copyright by members of or all of the R
Development Core Team.

See the file COPYING for the exact conditions under which you may
redistribute it.  R as a whole is distributed under GPL version 2:
most source files contain a copyright statement allow use of that file
under GPL version 2 or later: the main exceptions are packages 'rpart'
and 'survival' (GPL-2 only) and packages 'MASS', 'class', 'nnet' and
'spatial' (GPL-2 or GPL-3).

The status of files used only in the Windows port is in file
src/gnuwin32/COPYRIGHTS.win, which is appended to this file in binary
Windows distributions.

    ---------------------------------------------------

The some of the public header files are distributed under the more
permissive terms of the file COPYING.LIB.  This applies only to the
files

src/include/R.h
src/include/Rdefines.h
src/include/Rgraphics.h
src/include/Rinternals.h
src/include/Rmath.h
src/include/S.h
src/include/R_ext/*.h

From the announcement of the change (2001-Feb-05)

    It came to our attention that some projects are interpreting GPL to
    mean that compiling against the header files or linking against a
    Windows import library brings the compiled code under the scope of
    GPL.  This would mean it would be impossible to distribute binary
    versions of non-GPL packages with compiled code which called entry
    points in the R executable or DLL, of which there are many on CRAN.

    We encourage packages to be distributed under Open Source conditions,
    but accept that this is not possible for some contributions.  Our
    intention is that export files and import libraries be `accessors'
    under clause 5 of the LGPL, so that in most cases no (additional)
    restrictions are imposed by compiling a package using the LGPL-ed
    components of R.

    To avoid any anomalies, the versions of the same files in R versions
    1.0.0 to 1.2.1 may also be used under LGPL or GPL.

As from R 2.3.0 import libraries are no longer used under Windows, and
as from R 2.4.0 fewer export files are used under AIX.


Some contributed files are also covered by the Library General Public License.
These include (see also below)

src/library/stats/R/embed.R
src/library/stats/src/PPsum.c

    ---------------------------------------------------




Some of the code contains different copyright statements.  It is used
here in accordance with the copyright conditions in that code.

src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/*___.afm

    Copyright (c) 1984 to 1992 Adobe Systems Incorporated.

src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/MustRead.html
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Courier*.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Helvetica*.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Times*.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Symbol.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/ZapfDingbats.afm

    Copyright (c) 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997 Adobe Systems
    Incorporated.  All Rights Reserved.

src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/*l.afm

    Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development

src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/CM_*.afm
src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/cm*.afm

    are derived from afms which are copyright by the American
    Mathematical Society, but `the AMS does require that the
    AMS copyright notice be removed from any derivative versions
    of the fonts which have been altered in any way'.

doc/manual/R-intro.texi

    Copyright (C) 1990 W. N. Venables
    Copyright (C) 1992 W. N. Venables & D. M. Smith
    Copyright (C) 1997 R. Gentleman & R. Ihaka
    Copyright (C) 1997, 1998 M. Maechler

share/texmf/upquote.sty

    Copyright 2000 Michael A. Covington.
    Copyright 2003 Michael A. Covington, Frank Mittelbach.

src/library/graphics/R/mosaicplot.R

    Copyright (C) 1998 John W. Emerson

src/library/graphics/R/pairs.R

    In part, Copyright 1999 Dr. Jens Oehlschlaegel-Akiyoshi

src/library/graphics/R/polygon.R

    Copyright (C) 2001 by Kevin Buhr <buhr@stat.wisc.edu>

src/library/stats/R/bandwidths.R
src/library/stats/src//bandwidths.c
src/appl/maxcol.c

    Copyright (C) various dates W. N. Venables and B. D. Ripley


src/appl/interv.c : moved to API from code originally in
            src/library/stats/src/bvalue.f, see
            src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.modreg

src/library/stats:

    See the files src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.modreg and
    src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.portsrc for further details


src/library/stats/R/diffinv.R
src/library/stats/R/embed.R
src/library/stats/R/kernel.R
src/library/stats/src/PPsum.c

    Copyright (C) 1997-1999  Adrian Trapletti


src/library/stats/src/carray.c, mburg.c, myw.c, qr.c

    Copyright (C) 1999 Martyn Plummer


src/library/stats/R/nls.R

    In part, Copyright 1999-1999 Saikat DebRoy


src/library/stats/R/nlsFunc.R
src/library/stats/R/selfStart.R
src/library/stats/R/zzModels.R

    Copyright 1997,1999 Jose C. Pinheiro

src/library/stats/src/Trunmed.c

    In part Copyright (C) 1995 Berwin A. Turlach

src/library/tcltk/exec/{hierarchy,util*,widget}.tcl

    Copyright (c) various dates Jeffrey Hobbs


src/modules/X11/rotated.[ch]

    Copyright (c) 1993 Alan Richardson


src/appl/loglin.c
src/library/stats/src/chisqsim.c
src/library/stats/src/nscor.c
src/library/stats/src/prho.c
src/library/stats/src/swilk.c
src/library/stats/src/kmns.f
src/library/ts/src/starma.c
src/nmath/pgamma.c
src/nmath/pnbeta.c
src/nmath/pnchisq.c
src/nmath/pnt.c
src/nmath/qbeta.c
src/nmath/qgamma.c
src/nmath/qnorm.c
src/nmath/qtukey.c
src/nmath/sunif.c
  are based in whole or in part on Applied Statistics algorithms
  (C) Royal Statistical Society

src/nmath/stirlerr.c
src/nmath/dbinom.c
src/nmath/dpois.c
  are partly based on Clive Loader's (1999) work,
  (C) 1999-2000 Lucent Technologies, Bell Laboratories.


src/main/RNG.c

  The Mersenne-Twister part is
  Copyright (C) 1997, 1999 Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura.


src/main/xspline.c

 * Copyright (c) 1985-1988 by Supoj Sutanthavibul
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1989-2002 by Brian V. Smith
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1991 by Paul King
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1992 by James Tough
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1998 by Georg Stemmer
 * Parts Copyright (c) 1995 by C. Blanc and C. Schlick
  
 * Any party obtaining a copy of these files is granted, free of charge, a
 * full and unrestricted irrevocable, world-wide, paid up, royalty-free,
 * nonexclusive right and license to deal in this software and
 * documentation files (the "Software"), including without limitation the
 * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish and/or distribute copies of
 * the Software, and to permit persons who receive copies from any such 
 * party to do so, with the only requirement being that this copyright 
 * notice remain intact.


src/modules/lapack/dlapack[0123].f, cmplx.f, dlamc.f

  Extracted from
  *  -- LAPACK routine (version 3.1) --
  *     Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley, NAG Ltd.,
  *     Courant Institute, Argonne National Lab, and Rice University

  The README says

    It is freely-available software, and is copyrighted.

  although no actual copyright statement appears in the code.


src/main/vsnprintf.c

  Taken from the wget 1.8.1 distribution: only used on platforms
  without vsnprintf.
  /*
   * Copyright Patrick Powell 1995
   * This code is based on code written by Patrick Powell (papowell@astart.com)
   * It may be used for any purpose as long as this notice remains intact
   * on all source code distributions
   */


src/extra/xdr/*

    Copyright (undated) Sun Microsystems, Inc.

    See the file src/extra/xdr/copyrght.txt


src/extra/zlib/README, *.c, *.h

  Taken from zlib-1.2.3 (C) 1995-2005 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler
  See src/extra/zlib/README for the licence.


src/main/dounzip.c, unzip.h

  Contain code Copyright (C) 1998-2005 Gilles Vollant from contrib/minizip
  in the zlib 1.2.3 distribution.


src/main/acosh.c, asinh.c, atanh.c

used as substitution code only.  Based on

  Cephes Math Library Release 2.8:  June, 2000
  Copyright 1984, 1995, 2000 by Stephen L. Moshier

According to http://www.netlib.org/cephes/readme

  What you see here may be used freely but it comes with no support or
  guarantee.


src/extra/pcre/LICENCE
src/extra/pcre/*.[ch]

   Copyright (c) 1997-2009 University of Cambridge
   All rights reserved.

See file src/extra/pcre/LICENCE.  For binary builds of R that requires
us to include

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

      * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

      * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

      * Neither the name of the University of Cambridge nor the name of Google
    Inc. nor the names of their contributors may be used to endorse or
    promote products derived from this software without specific prior
    written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
  LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
  SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
  INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
  CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


src/extra/bzip2/LICENSE
src/extra/bzip2/blocksort.c
src/extra/bzip2/bzlib.c
src/extra/bzip2/bzlib.h
src/extra/bzip2/bzlib_private.h
src/extra/bzip2/compress.c
src/extra/bzip2/crctable.c
src/extra/bzip2/decompress.c
src/extra/bzip2/huffman.c
src/extra/bzip2/randtable.c

   copyright (C) 1996-2008 Julian R Seward.


src/extra/tre/LICENSE
src/extra/tre/*.[ch]

Copyright (c) 2001-2009 Ville Laurikari <vl@iki.fi>
All rights reserved.

From tre-0.7.6 (http://laurikari.net/tre/).  See file
src/extra/tre/LICENSE.  For binary builds of R that requires us to
include

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS
``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


src/library/tools/src/md5.[ch]

    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.


src/extra/intl/*

Based on gettextize from gettext 0.17
   Copyright (C) various dates Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License
   version 2 or later.

src/include/memcheck.h
src/include/valgrind.h

From valgrind,

   Copyright (C) 2000-2005 Julian Seward.  All rights reserved.


src/main/mkdtemp.c

From glibc via
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnulib/2003-02/msg00019.html

   Copyright (C) 1999, 2001-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License
   version 2 or later.

src/main/Rstrptime.c

   Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License
   version 2 or later.

share/perl/File/Copy/Recursive.pm

   Copyright 2004 by Daniel Muey

   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the same terms as Perl itself.

po/*.po
src/library/*/po/*.po

   Some of the translations are (C) the translator as marked in the files.

COPYING
doc/COPYING
doc/COPYING.LIB
m4/codeset.m4
m4/gettext.m4
m4/gettext-lib.m4
share/licenses/GPL-2
share/licenses/GPL-3
share/licenses/LGPL-2
share/licenses/LGPL-2.1
share/licenses/LGPL-3
src/main/strdup.c
tools/config.quess
tools/config.rpath
tools/config.sub
tools/help2man.pl
tools/ltmain.sh
tools/mdate-sh
tools/missing

   Copyright various dates Free Software Foundation


tools/install-sh:

   Copyright (C) 1994 X Consortium