The R Project SVN R

/*
 *  R : A Computer Language for Statistical Data Analysis
 *  Copyright (C) 1995, 1996  Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka
 *  Copyright (C) 1997--2006  Robert Gentleman, Ross Ihaka and the
 *                            R Development Core Team
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Pulic License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA
 */

/* <UTF8>
   regex code should be OK.
   substitution code does ASCII comparisons only.
   regexpr returned pos and match length in bytes not chars.
*/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif

#include <Defn.h>
#include <sys/types.h>      /* probably not needed */
#include <Rmath.h>      /* imax2 */

#ifdef HAVE_PCRE_PCRE_H
# include <pcre/pcre.h>
#else
# include <pcre.h>
#endif

#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
# include <R_ext/rlocale.h>
# include <wchar.h>
# include <wctype.h>
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_pgrep(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    SEXP pat, vec, ind, ans;
    int i, j, n, nmatches;
    int igcase_opt, value_opt, useBytes, erroffset;
    int options = 0;
    const char *errorptr;
    pcre *re_pcre;
    const unsigned char *tables;

    checkArity(op, args);
    pat = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    vec = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    igcase_opt = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    value_opt = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    if (igcase_opt == NA_INTEGER) igcase_opt = 0;
    if (value_opt == NA_INTEGER) value_opt = 0;
    useBytes = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    if (useBytes == NA_INTEGER) useBytes = 0;


    if (length(pat) < 1) errorcall(call, R_MSG_IA);

    /* NAs are removed in R code so this isn't used */
    /* it's left in case we change our minds again */
    /* special case: NA pattern matches only NAs in vector */
    if (STRING_ELT(pat,0) == NA_STRING) {
    n = length(vec);
    nmatches = 0;
    PROTECT(ind = allocVector(LGLSXP, n));
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if(STRING_ELT(vec,i) == NA_STRING){
        INTEGER(ind)[i] = 1;
        nmatches++;
        }
        else
        INTEGER(ind)[i] = 0;
    }
    if (value_opt) {
        ans = allocVector(STRSXP, nmatches);
        j = 0;
        for (i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
        if (INTEGER(ind)[i]) {
            SET_STRING_ELT(ans, j++, STRING_ELT(vec, i));
        }
    } else {
        ans = allocVector(INTSXP, nmatches);
        j = 0;
        for (i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
        if (INTEGER(ind)[i]) INTEGER(ans)[j++] = i + 1;
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
    }
    /* end NA pattern handling */

#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(useBytes) ;
    else if(utf8locale) options = PCRE_UTF8;
    else if(mbcslocale)
    warning(_("perl = TRUE is only fully implemented in UTF-8 locales"));
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0))))
    errorcall(call, _("regular expression is invalid in this locale"));
#endif
    if (igcase_opt) options |= PCRE_CASELESS;

    tables = pcre_maketables();
    re_pcre = pcre_compile(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0)), options, &errorptr,
               &erroffset, tables);
    if (!re_pcre) errorcall(call, _("invalid regular expression '%s'"),
                CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0)));

    n = length(vec);
    ind = allocVector(LGLSXP, n);
    nmatches = 0;
    for (i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
    int rc, ovector;
    char *s = CHAR(STRING_ELT(vec, i));
    if (STRING_ELT(vec,i) == NA_STRING){
        INTEGER(ind)[i] = 0;
        continue;
    }
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(CHAR(STRING_ELT(vec, i)))) {
        warningcall(call, _("input string %d is invalid in this locale"),
            i+1);
        continue;
    }
#endif
    rc = pcre_exec(re_pcre, NULL, s, strlen(s), 0, 0, &ovector, 0);
    if (rc >= 0) {
        INTEGER(ind)[i] = 1;
        nmatches++;
    }
    else INTEGER(ind)[i] = 0;
    }
    (pcre_free)(re_pcre);
    pcre_free((void *)tables);
    PROTECT(ind);
    if (value_opt) {
    SEXP nmold = getAttrib(vec, R_NamesSymbol), nm;
    ans = allocVector(STRSXP, nmatches);
    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < n ; i++)
        if (LOGICAL(ind)[i])
        SET_STRING_ELT(ans, j++, STRING_ELT(vec, i));
    /* copy across names and subset */
    if (!isNull(nmold)) {
        nm = allocVector(STRSXP, nmatches);
        for (i = 0, j = 0; i < n ; i++)
        if (LOGICAL(ind)[i])
            SET_STRING_ELT(nm, j++, STRING_ELT(nmold, i));
        setAttrib(ans, R_NamesSymbol, nm);
    }
    } else {
    ans = allocVector(INTSXP, nmatches);
    for (i = 0, j = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
        if (LOGICAL(ind)[i]) INTEGER(ans)[j++] = i + 1;
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
}

/* The following R functions do substitution for regular expressions,
 * either once or globally.
 * The functions are loosely patterned on the "sub" and "gsub" in "nawk". */

static int length_adj(char *orig, char *repl, int *ovec, int nsubexpr, 
              Rboolean useBytes)
{
    int k, n, nb;
    char *p = repl;
    Rboolean upper = FALSE, lower = FALSE;

    n = strlen(repl) - (ovec[1] - ovec[0]);
    while (*p) {
    if (*p == '\\') {
        if ('1' <= p[1] && p[1] <= '9') {
        k = p[1] - '0';
        if (k > nsubexpr)
            error(_("invalid backreference %d in regular expression"),
              k);
        nb = ovec[2*k+1] - ovec[2*k];
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
        if(nb >0 && !useBytes && mbcslocale && (upper || lower)) {
            wctrans_t tr = wctrans(upper ? "toupper" : "tolower");
            int j, nc;
            char *xi, *p;
            wchar_t *wc;
            p = xi = (char *) alloca((nb+1)*sizeof(char));
            R_CheckStack();
            for(j = 0; j < nb; j++) *p++ = orig[ovec[2*k]+j];
            *p = '\0';
            nc = mbstowcs(NULL, xi, 0);
            if(nc >= 0) {
            wc = (wchar_t *) alloca((nc+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));
            R_CheckStack();
            mbstowcs(wc, xi, nc + 1);
            for(j = 0; j < nc; j++) wc[j] = towctrans(wc[j], tr);
            nb = wcstombs(NULL, wc, 0);
            }
        }
#endif
        n += nb - 2;
        p++;
        } else if (p[1] == 'U') {
        p++; n -= 2;
        upper = TRUE; lower = FALSE;
        } else if (p[1] == 'L') {
        p++; n -= 2;
        upper = FALSE; lower = TRUE;
        } else if (p[1] == 0) {
                /* can't escape the final '\0' */
        n--;
        } else {
        n--;
        p++;
        }
    }
    p++;
    }
    return n;
}

static char *string_adj(char *target, char *orig, char *repl, int *ovec, 
            Rboolean useBytes)
{
    int i, k, nb;
    char *p = repl, *t = target, c;
    Rboolean upper = FALSE, lower = FALSE;

    while (*p) {
    if (*p == '\\') {
        if ('1' <= p[1] && p[1] <= '9') {
        k = p[1] - '0';
        /* Here we need to work in chars */
        nb = ovec[2*k+1] - ovec[2*k];
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
        if(nb > 0 && !useBytes && mbcslocale && (upper || lower)) {
            wctrans_t tr = wctrans(upper ? "toupper" : "tolower");
            int j, nc;
            char *xi, *p;
            wchar_t *wc;
            p = xi = (char *) alloca((nb+1)*sizeof(char));
            R_CheckStack();
            for(j = 0; j < nb; j++) *p++ = orig[ovec[2*k]+j];
            *p = '\0';
            nc = mbstowcs(NULL, xi, 0);
            if(nc >= 0) {
            wc = (wchar_t *) alloca((nc+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));
            R_CheckStack();
            mbstowcs(wc, xi, nc + 1);
            for(j = 0; j < nc; j++) wc[j] = towctrans(wc[j], tr);
            nb = wcstombs(NULL, wc, 0);
            wcstombs(xi, wc, nb + 1);
            for(j = 0; j < nb; j++) *t++ = *xi++;
            }
        } else
#endif
            for (i = ovec[2*k] ; i < ovec[2*k+1] ; i++) {
            c = orig[i];
            *t++ = upper ? toupper(c) : (lower ? tolower(c) : c);
            }
        p += 2;
        } else if (p[1] == 'U') {
        p += 2;
        upper = TRUE; lower = FALSE;
        } else if (p[1] == 'L') {
        p += 2;
        upper = FALSE; lower = TRUE;
        } else if (p[1] == 0) {
        p += 1;
        } else {
        p += 1;
        *t++ = *p++;
        }
    } else *t++ = *p++;
    }
    return t;
}


SEXP attribute_hidden do_pgsub(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    SEXP pat, rep, vec, ans;
    int i, j, n, ns, nns, nmatch, offset, re_nsub;
    int global, igcase_opt, useBytes, erroffset, eflag, last_end;
    int options = 0;
    char *s, *t, *u, *uu;
    const char *errorptr;
    pcre *re_pcre;
    pcre_extra *re_pe;
    const unsigned char *tables;

    checkArity(op, args);

    global = PRIMVAL(op);

    pat = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    rep = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    vec = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    igcase_opt = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    if (igcase_opt == NA_INTEGER) igcase_opt = 0;
    useBytes = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    if (useBytes == NA_INTEGER) useBytes = 0;

#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(useBytes) ;
    else if(utf8locale) options = PCRE_UTF8;
    else if(mbcslocale)
    warning(_("perl = TRUE is only fully implemented in UTF-8 locales"));
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0))))
    errorcall(call, _("'pattern' is invalid in this locale"));
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(CHAR(STRING_ELT(rep, 0))))
    errorcall(call, _("'replacement' is invalid in this locale"));
#endif
    if (length(pat) < 1 || length(rep) < 1)
    errorcall(call, R_MSG_IA);


    if (igcase_opt) options |= PCRE_CASELESS;

    tables = pcre_maketables();
    re_pcre = pcre_compile(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0)), options, &errorptr,
               &erroffset, tables);
    if (!re_pcre) errorcall(call, _("invalid regular expression '%s'"),
                CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0)));
    re_nsub = pcre_info(re_pcre, NULL, NULL);
    re_pe = pcre_study(re_pcre, 0, &errorptr);

    n = length(vec);
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(STRSXP, n));

    for (i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
    int ovector[30];
    offset = 0;
    nmatch = 0;
    /* NA `pat' are removed in R code, the C code is left */
    /* in case we change our minds again */
    /* NA matches only itself */
        if (STRING_ELT(vec,i) == NA_STRING){
        if (STRING_ELT(pat,0) == NA_STRING)
        SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, STRING_ELT(rep,0));
        else
        SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, NA_STRING);
        continue;
    }
    if (STRING_ELT(pat, 0) == NA_STRING){
        SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, STRING_ELT(vec,i));
        continue;
    }
    /* end NA handling */
    s = CHAR(STRING_ELT(vec, i));
    t = CHAR(STRING_ELT(rep, 0));
    nns = ns = strlen(s);

#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(s)) {
        errorcall(call, _("input string %d is invalid in this locale"),
              i+1);
    }
#endif
    /* Looks like PCRE_NOTBOL is not needed in this version,
       but leave in as a precaution */
    eflag = 0; last_end = -1;
    while (pcre_exec(re_pcre, re_pe, s, nns, offset, eflag,
             ovector, 30) >= 0) {
        nmatch += 1;
        /* Do not repeat a 0-length match after a match, so
           gsub("a*", "x", "baaac") is "xbxcx" not "xbxxcx" */
        if(ovector[1] > last_end) {
        ns += length_adj(s, t, ovector, re_nsub, useBytes);
        last_end = ovector[1];
        }
        offset = ovector[1];
        if (s[offset] == '\0' || !global) break;
        /* If we have a 0-length match, move on a char */
        if(ovector[1] == ovector[0]) {
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
        if(!useBytes && mbcslocale) {
            wchar_t wc; int used, pos = 0; mbstate_t mb_st;
            mbs_init(&mb_st);
            while( (used = Mbrtowc(&wc, s+pos, MB_CUR_MAX, &mb_st)) ) {
            pos += used;
            if(pos > offset) {
                offset = pos;
                break;
            }
            }
        } else
#endif
            offset++;
        }
        eflag = PCRE_NOTBOL;
    }
    if (nmatch == 0)
        SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, STRING_ELT(vec, i));
    else {
        SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, allocString(ns));
        offset = 0;
        s = CHAR(STRING_ELT(vec, i));
        t = CHAR(STRING_ELT(rep, 0));
        uu = u = CHAR(STRING_ELT(ans, i));
        eflag = 0; last_end = -1;
        while (pcre_exec(re_pcre, re_pe, s, nns, offset, eflag,
                 ovector, 30) >= 0) {
        /* printf("%s, %d, %d %d\n", s, offset,
           ovector[0], ovector[1]); */
        for (j = offset; j < ovector[0]; j++) *u++ = s[j];
        if(ovector[1] > last_end) {
            u = string_adj(u, s, t, ovector, useBytes);
            last_end = ovector[1];
        }
        offset = ovector[1];
        if (s[offset] == '\0' || !global) break;
        if(ovector[1] == ovector[0]) { 
            /* advance by a char */
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
            if(!useBytes && mbcslocale) {
            wchar_t wc; int used, pos = 0; mbstate_t mb_st;
            mbs_init(&mb_st);
            while( (used = Mbrtowc(&wc, s+pos, MB_CUR_MAX, &mb_st)) ) {
                pos += used;
                if(pos > offset) {
                for(j = offset; j < pos; j++) *u++ = s[j]; 
                offset = pos;
                break;
                }
            }
            } else
#endif
            *u++ = s[offset++];
        }

        eflag = PCRE_NOTBOL;
        }
        for (j = offset ; s[j] ; j++)
        *u++ = s[j];
        *u = '\0';
    }
    }
    (pcre_free)(re_pe);
    (pcre_free)(re_pcre);
    pcre_free((void *)tables);
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
}


#include "RBufferUtils.h"
SEXP attribute_hidden do_pregexpr(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    SEXP pat, text, ans, matchlen;
    int i, n, st, erroffset;
    int options = 0, useBytes;
    const char *errorptr;
    pcre *re_pcre;
    const unsigned char *tables;
    /* To make this thread-safe remove static here and remove
       test on R_FreeStringBuffer below */
    static R_StringBuffer cbuff = {NULL, 0, MAXELTSIZE};

    checkArity(op, args);
    pat = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    text = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    useBytes = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    if (useBytes == NA_INTEGER) useBytes = 0;

    if (length(pat) < 1 || length(text) < 1 ) errorcall(call, R_MSG_IA);
    if (!isString(pat)) PROTECT(pat = coerceVector(pat, STRSXP));

#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(useBytes) ;
    else if(utf8locale) options = PCRE_UTF8;
    else if(mbcslocale)
    warning(_("perl = TRUE is only fully implemented in UTF-8 locales"));
#endif

#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0))))
    errorcall(call, _("regular expression is invalid in this locale"));
#endif
    tables = pcre_maketables();
    re_pcre = pcre_compile(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0)), options,
               &errorptr, &erroffset, tables);
    if (!re_pcre) errorcall(call, _("invalid regular expression '%s'"),
                CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0)));
    n = length(text);
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(INTSXP, n));
    PROTECT(matchlen = allocVector(INTSXP, n));

    for (i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
    int rc, ovector[3];
    char *s = CHAR(STRING_ELT(text, i));
    if (STRING_ELT(text,i) == NA_STRING){
        INTEGER(ans)[i] = INTEGER(matchlen)[i] = R_NaInt;
        continue;
    }
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(CHAR(STRING_ELT(text, i)))) {
        warningcall(call, _("input string %d is invalid in this locale"),
            i+1);
        INTEGER(ans)[i] = INTEGER(matchlen)[i] = -1;
        continue;
    }
#endif
    rc = pcre_exec(re_pcre, NULL, s, strlen(s), 0, 0, ovector, 3);
    if (rc >= 0) {
        st = ovector[0];
        INTEGER(ans)[i] = st + 1; /* index from one */
        INTEGER(matchlen)[i] = ovector[1] - st;
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
        if(!useBytes && mbcslocale) {
        int mlen = ovector[1] - st;
        /* Unfortunately these are in bytes, so we need to
           use chars instead */
        R_AllocStringBuffer(imax2(st, mlen+1), &cbuff);
        if(st > 0) {
            memcpy(cbuff.data, CHAR(STRING_ELT(text, i)), st);
            cbuff.data[st] = '\0';
            INTEGER(ans)[i] = 1 + mbstowcs(NULL, cbuff.data, 0);
            if(INTEGER(ans)[i] <= 0) /* an invalid string */
            INTEGER(ans)[i] = NA_INTEGER;
        }
        memcpy(cbuff.data, CHAR(STRING_ELT(text, i))+st, mlen);
        cbuff.data[mlen] = '\0';
        INTEGER(matchlen)[i] = mbstowcs(NULL, cbuff.data, 0);
        if(INTEGER(matchlen)[i] < 0) /* an invalid string */
            INTEGER(matchlen)[i] = NA_INTEGER;
        }
#endif
    } else {
        INTEGER(ans)[i] = INTEGER(matchlen)[i] = -1;
    }
    }
    /* see comment above */
    if(cbuff.bufsize != MAXELTSIZE) R_FreeStringBuffer(&cbuff);
    (pcre_free)(re_pcre);
    pcre_free((void *)tables);
    setAttrib(ans, install("match.length"), matchlen);
    UNPROTECT(2);
    return ans;
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_gpregexpr(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    SEXP pat, text, ansList, ans, matchlen;
    SEXP matchbuf, matchlenbuf;
    int bufsize = 1024;
    int i, n, st, erroffset;
    int options = 0, useBytes;
    const char *errorptr;
    pcre *re_pcre;
    const unsigned char *tables;
    /* To make this thread-safe remove static here and remove
       test on R_FreeStringBuffer below */
    static R_StringBuffer cbuff = {NULL, 0, MAXELTSIZE};

    checkArity(op, args);
    pat = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    text = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    useBytes = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    if (useBytes == NA_INTEGER) useBytes = 0;

    if (length(pat) < 1 || length(text) < 1 ) errorcall(call, R_MSG_IA);

#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(useBytes) ;
    else if(utf8locale) options = PCRE_UTF8;
    else if(mbcslocale)
    warning(_("perl = TRUE is only fully implemented in UTF-8 locales"));
#endif

#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0))))
    errorcall(call, _("regular expression is invalid in this locale"));
#endif
    tables = pcre_maketables();
    re_pcre = pcre_compile(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0)), options,
               &errorptr, &erroffset, tables);
    if (!re_pcre) errorcall(call, _("invalid regular expression '%s'"),
                CHAR(STRING_ELT(pat, 0)));
    n = length(text);
    PROTECT(ansList = allocVector(VECSXP, n));
    matchbuf = PROTECT(allocVector(INTSXP, bufsize));
    matchlenbuf = PROTECT(allocVector(INTSXP, bufsize));

    for (i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
    char *s = CHAR(STRING_ELT(text, i));
        int j, foundAll, foundAny, matchIndex, start;
        foundAll = foundAny = start = 0;
        matchIndex = -1;
    if (STRING_ELT(text,i) == NA_STRING){ 
            PROTECT(ans = allocVector(INTSXP, 1));
            PROTECT(matchlen = allocVector(INTSXP, 1));
        INTEGER(ans)[0] = INTEGER(matchlen)[0] = R_NaInt;
            setAttrib(ans, install("match.length"), matchlen);
            SET_VECTOR_ELT(ansList, i, ans);
            UNPROTECT(2);
        continue;
    }
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
    if(!useBytes && mbcslocale && !mbcsValid(CHAR(STRING_ELT(text, i)))) {
        warningcall(call, _("input string %d is invalid in this locale"),
            i+1);
            PROTECT(ans = allocVector(INTSXP, 1)); 
            PROTECT(matchlen = allocVector(INTSXP, 1));
        INTEGER(ans)[0] = INTEGER(matchlen)[0] = -1;
            setAttrib(ans, install("match.length"), matchlen);
            SET_VECTOR_ELT(ansList, i, ans);
            UNPROTECT(2);
        continue;
    }
#endif
        while (!foundAll) {
            int rc, ovector[3];
            rc = pcre_exec(re_pcre, NULL, s, strlen(s), start, 0, ovector, 3);
            if (rc >= 0) {
                if ((matchIndex + 1) == bufsize) {
                    /* Reallocate match buffers */
                    int newbufsize = bufsize * 2;
                    SEXP tmp;
                    tmp = allocVector(INTSXP, 2 * bufsize);
                    for (j = 0; j < bufsize; j++)
                        INTEGER(tmp)[j] = INTEGER(matchlenbuf)[j];
                    UNPROTECT(1);
                    matchlenbuf = tmp;
                    PROTECT(matchlenbuf);
                    tmp = allocVector(INTSXP, 2 * bufsize);
                    for (j = 0; j < bufsize; j++)
                        INTEGER(tmp)[j] = INTEGER(matchbuf)[j];
                    matchbuf = tmp;
                    UNPROTECT(2);
                    PROTECT(matchbuf);
                    PROTECT(matchlenbuf);
                    bufsize = newbufsize;
                }
                matchIndex++;
                foundAny = 1;
                st = ovector[0];
                INTEGER(matchbuf)[matchIndex] = st + 1; /* index from one */
                INTEGER(matchlenbuf)[matchIndex] = ovector[1] - st;
                if (INTEGER(matchlenbuf)[matchIndex] == 0)
                    start = ovector[0] + 1;
                else
                    start = ovector[1];
#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
                if(!useBytes && mbcslocale) {
                    int mlen = ovector[1] - st;
                    /* Unfortunately these are in bytes, so we need to
                       use chars instead */
                    R_AllocStringBuffer(imax2(st, mlen+1), &cbuff);
                    if(st > 0) {
                        memcpy(cbuff.data, CHAR(STRING_ELT(text, i)), st);
                        cbuff.data[st] = '\0';
                        INTEGER(matchbuf)[matchIndex] = 1 + mbstowcs(NULL, cbuff.data, 0);
                        if(INTEGER(matchbuf)[matchIndex] <= 0) { /* an invalid string */
                            INTEGER(matchbuf)[matchIndex] = NA_INTEGER;
                            foundAll = 1; /* if we get here, we are done */
                        }
                    }
                    memcpy(cbuff.data, CHAR(STRING_ELT(text, i))+st, mlen);
                    cbuff.data[mlen] = '\0';
                    INTEGER(matchlenbuf)[matchIndex] = mbstowcs(NULL, cbuff.data, 0);
                    if(INTEGER(matchlenbuf)[matchIndex] < 0) {/* an invalid string */
                        INTEGER(matchlenbuf)[matchIndex] = NA_INTEGER;
                        foundAll = 1; 
                    }
                    if (!foundAll)
                        start = INTEGER(matchbuf)[matchIndex] 
                            + INTEGER(matchlenbuf)[matchIndex];
                }
#endif
            } else {
                foundAll = 1;
                if (!foundAny)
                    matchIndex = 0;
            }
        }
        PROTECT(ans = allocVector(INTSXP, matchIndex + 1));
        PROTECT(matchlen = allocVector(INTSXP, matchIndex + 1));
        if (foundAny) {
            /* copy from buffers */
            for (j = 0; j <= matchIndex; j++) {
                INTEGER(ans)[j] = INTEGER(matchbuf)[j];
                INTEGER(matchlen)[j] = INTEGER(matchlenbuf)[j];
            }
        } else {
            INTEGER(ans)[0] = INTEGER(matchlen)[0] = -1;
        }
        setAttrib(ans, install("match.length"), matchlen);
        SET_VECTOR_ELT(ansList, i, ans);
        UNPROTECT(2);
    }
    /* see comment above */
    if(cbuff.bufsize != MAXELTSIZE) R_FreeStringBuffer(&cbuff);
    (pcre_free)(re_pcre);
    pcre_free((void *)tables);
    UNPROTECT(3);
    return ansList;
}