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R Under development (unstable) (2023-01-20 r83643) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"Copyright (C) 2023 The R Foundation for Statistical ComputingPlatform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.Natural language support but running in an English localeR is a collaborative project with many contributors.Type 'contributors()' for more information and'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.Type 'q()' to quit R.> pkgname <- "grDevices"> source(file.path(R.home("share"), "R", "examples-header.R"))> options(warn = 1)> library('grDevices')>> base::assign(".oldSearch", base::search(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')> base::assign(".old_wd", base::getwd(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')> cleanEx()> nameEx("Devices")> ### * Devices>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: Devices> ### Title: List of Graphical Devices> ### Aliases: Devices device> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples> ## Not run:> ##D ## open the default screen device on this platform if no device is> ##D ## open> ##D if(dev.cur() == 1) dev.new()> ## End(Not run)>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("Hershey")> ### * Hershey>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: Hershey> ### Title: Hershey Vector Fonts in R> ### Aliases: Hershey> ### Keywords: aplot>> ### ** Examples>> Hershey$typeface[1] "serif" "sans serif" "script"[4] "gothic english" "gothic german" "gothic italian"[7] "serif symbol" "sans serif symbol"$fontindex[1] "plain" "italic" "bold" "bold italic"[5] "cyrillic" "oblique cyrillic" "EUC"$allowed[,1] [,2][1,] 1 1[2,] 1 2[3,] 1 3[4,] 1 4[5,] 1 5[6,] 1 6[7,] 1 7[8,] 2 1[9,] 2 2[10,] 2 3[11,] 2 4[12,] 3 1[13,] 3 2[14,] 3 3[15,] 4 1[16,] 5 1[17,] 6 1[18,] 7 1[19,] 7 2[20,] 7 3[21,] 7 4[22,] 8 1[23,] 8 2>> ## for tables of examples, see demo(Hershey)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("Japanese")> ### * Japanese>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: Japanese> ### Title: Japanese characters in R> ### Aliases: Japanese> ### Keywords: aplot>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)>> plot(1:9, type = "n", axes = FALSE, frame.plot = TRUE, ylab = "",+ main = "example(Japanese)", xlab = "using Hershey fonts")> par(cex = 3)> Vf <- c("serif", "plain")> text(4, 2, "\\#J244b\\#J245b\\#J2473", vfont = Vf)> text(4, 4, "\\#J2538\\#J2563\\#J2551\\#J2573", vfont = Vf)> text(4, 6, "\\#J467c\\#J4b5c", vfont = Vf)> text(4, 8, "Japan", vfont = Vf)> par(cex = 1)> text(8, 2, "Hiragana")> text(8, 4, "Katakana")> text(8, 6, "Kanji")> text(8, 8, "English")>>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("Type1Font")> ### * Type1Font>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: Type1Font> ### Title: Type 1 and CID Fonts> ### Aliases: Type1Font CIDFont> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> ## This duplicates "ComputerModernItalic".> CMitalic <- Type1Font("ComputerModern2",+ c("CM_regular_10.afm", "CM_boldx_10.afm",+ "cmti10.afm", "cmbxti10.afm",+ "CM_symbol_10.afm"),+ encoding = "TeXtext.enc")>> ## Not run:> ##D ## This could be used by> ##D postscript(family = CMitalic)> ##D ## or> ##D postscriptFonts(CMitalic = CMitalic) # once in a session> ##D postscript(family = "CMitalic", encoding = "TeXtext.enc")> ## End(Not run)>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("adjustcolor")> ### * adjustcolor>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: adjustcolor> ### Title: Adjust Colors in One or More Directions Conveniently.> ### Aliases: adjustcolor>> ### ** Examples>> ## Illustrative examples :> opal <- palette("default")> stopifnot(identical(adjustcolor(1:8, 0.75),+ adjustcolor(palette(), 0.75)))> cbind(palette(), adjustcolor(1:8, 0.75))[,1] [,2][1,] "black" "#000000BF"[2,] "#DF536B" "#DF536BBF"[3,] "#61D04F" "#61D04FBF"[4,] "#2297E6" "#2297E6BF"[5,] "#28E2E5" "#28E2E5BF"[6,] "#CD0BBC" "#CD0BBCBF"[7,] "#F5C710" "#F5C710BF"[8,] "gray62" "#9E9E9EBF">> ## alpha = 1/2 * previous alpha --> opaque colors> x <- palette(adjustcolor(palette(), 0.5))>> sines <- outer(1:20, 1:4, function(x, y) sin(x / 20 * pi * y))> matplot(sines, type = "b", pch = 21:23, col = 2:5, bg = 2:5,+ main = "Using an 'opaque ('translucent') color palette")>> x. <- adjustcolor(x, offset = c(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0), # <- "more white"+ transform = diag(c(.7, .7, .7, 0.6)))> cbind(x, x.)x x.[1,] "black" "#80808099"[2,] "#DF536B" "#FFBACA99"[3,] "#61D04F" "#C3FFB799"[4,] "#2297E6" "#97E9FF99"[5,] "#28E2E5" "#9BFFFF99"[6,] "#CD0BBC" "#FF87FF99"[7,] "#F5C710" "#FFFF8B99"[8,] "gray62" "#EEEEEE99"> op <- par(bg = adjustcolor("goldenrod", offset = -rep(.4, 4)), xpd = NA)> plot(0:9, 0:9, type = "n", axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "",+ main = "adjustcolor() -> translucent")> text(1:8, labels = paste0(x,"++"), col = x., cex = 8)> par(op)>> ## and>> (M <- cbind( rbind( matrix(1/3, 3, 3), 0), c(0, 0, 0, 1)))[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4][1,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0[2,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0[3,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0[4,] 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 1> adjustcolor(x, transform = M)[1] "#000000FF" "#8A8A8AFF" "#808080FF" "#8A8A8AFF" "#A5A5A5FF" "#878787FF"[7] "#999999FF" "#9E9E9EFF">> ## revert to previous palette: active> palette(opal)>>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("as.raster")> ### * as.raster>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: as.raster> ### Title: Create a Raster Object> ### Aliases: is.raster as.raster as.raster.logical as.raster.numeric> ### as.raster.raw as.raster.character as.raster.matrix as.raster.array> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> # A red gradient> as.raster(matrix(hcl(0, 80, seq(50, 80, 10)),+ nrow = 4, ncol = 5))[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5][1,] "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D"[2,] "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86"[3,] "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1"[4,] "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC">> # Vectors are 1-column matrices ...> # character vectors are color names ...> as.raster(hcl(0, 80, seq(50, 80, 10)))[,1][1,] "#C54E6D"[2,] "#E16A86"[3,] "#FE86A1"[4,] "#FFA2BC"> # numeric vectors are greyscale ...> as.raster(1:5, max = 5)[,1][1,] "#333333"[2,] "#666666"[3,] "#999999"[4,] "#CCCCCC"[5,] "#FFFFFF"> # logical vectors are black and white ...> as.raster(1:10 %% 2 == 0)[,1][1,] "#000000"[2,] "#FFFFFF"[3,] "#000000"[4,] "#FFFFFF"[5,] "#000000"[6,] "#FFFFFF"[7,] "#000000"[8,] "#FFFFFF"[9,] "#000000"[10,] "#FFFFFF">> # ... unless nrow/ncol are supplied ...> as.raster(1:10 %% 2 == 0, nrow = 1)[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7][1,] "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000"[,8] [,9] [,10][1,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF">> # Matrix can also be logical or numeric (or raw) ...> as.raster(matrix(c(TRUE, FALSE), nrow = 3, ncol = 2))[,1] [,2][1,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000"[2,] "#000000" "#FFFFFF"[3,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000"> as.raster(matrix(1:3/4, nrow = 3, ncol = 4))[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4][1,] "#404040" "#404040" "#404040" "#404040"[2,] "#808080" "#808080" "#808080" "#808080"[3,] "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF">> # An array can be 3-plane numeric (R, G, B planes) ...> as.raster(array(c(0:1, rep(0.5, 4)), c(2, 1, 3)))[,1][1,] "#008080"[2,] "#FF8080">> # ... or 4-plane numeric (R, G, B, A planes)> as.raster(array(c(0:1, rep(0.5, 6)), c(2, 1, 4)))[,1][1,] "#00808080"[2,] "#FF808080">> # subsetting> r <- as.raster(matrix(colors()[1:100], ncol = 10))> r[, 2][,1][1,] "aquamarine3"[2,] "aquamarine4"[3,] "azure"[4,] "azure1"[5,] "azure2"[6,] "azure3"[7,] "azure4"[8,] "beige"[9,] "bisque"[10,] "bisque1"> r[2:4, 2:5][,1] [,2] [,3] [,4][1,] "aquamarine4" "bisque3" "brown" "cadetblue"[2,] "azure" "bisque4" "brown1" "cadetblue1"[3,] "azure1" "black" "brown2" "cadetblue2">> # assigning to subset> r[2:4, 2:5] <- "white">> # comparison> r == "white"[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10][1,] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[2,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[3,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[4,] FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[5,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[6,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[7,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[8,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[9,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE[10,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE>> ## Don't show:> stopifnot(r[] == r,+ identical(r[3:5], colors()[3:5]))> r[2:4] <- "black"> stopifnot(identical(r[1:4, 1], as.raster(c("white", rep("black", 3)))))> ## End(Don't show)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("axisTicks")> ### * axisTicks>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: axisTicks> ### Title: Compute Pretty Axis Tick Scales> ### Aliases: axisTicks .axisPars> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> ##--- Demonstrating correspondence between graphics'> ##--- axis() and the graphics-engine agnostic axisTicks() :>> require("graphics")> plot(10*(0:10)); (pu <- par("usr"))[1] 0.6 11.4 -4.0 104.0> aX <- function(side, at, ...)+ axis(side, at = at, labels = FALSE, lwd.ticks = 2, col.ticks = 2,+ tck = 0.05, ...)> aX(1, print(xa <- axisTicks(pu[1:2], log = FALSE))) # x axis[1] 2 4 6 8 10> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = FALSE))) # y axis[1] 0 20 40 60 80 100>> axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = FALSE, nint = 10)[1] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100>> plot(10*(0:10), log = "y"); (pu <- par("usr"))Warning in xy.coords(x, y, xlabel, ylabel, log) :1 y value <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot[1] 0.60 11.40 0.96 2.04> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = TRUE))) # y axis[1] 10 20 50 100>> plot(2^(0:9), log = "y"); (pu <- par("usr"))[1] 0.6400000 10.3600000 -0.1083708 2.8176408> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = TRUE))) # y axis[1] 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500>>>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("boxplot.stats")> ### * boxplot.stats>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: boxplot.stats> ### Title: Box Plot Statistics> ### Aliases: boxplot.stats> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> require(stats)> x <- c(1:100, 1000)> (b1 <- boxplot.stats(x))$stats[1] 1 26 51 76 100$n[1] 101$conf[1] 43.13921 58.86079$out[1] 1000> (b2 <- boxplot.stats(x, do.conf = FALSE, do.out = FALSE))$stats[1] 1 26 51 76 100$n[1] 101$confNULL$outnumeric(0)> stopifnot(b1 $ stats == b2 $ stats) # do.out = FALSE is still robust> boxplot.stats(x, coef = 3, do.conf = FALSE)$stats[1] 1 26 51 76 100$n[1] 101$confNULL$out[1] 1000> ## no outlier treatment:> boxplot.stats(x, coef = 0)$stats[1] 1 26 51 76 1000$n[1] 101$conf[1] 43.13921 58.86079$outnumeric(0)>> boxplot.stats(c(x, NA)) # slight change : n is 101$stats[1] 1 26 51 76 100$n[1] 101$conf[1] 43.13921 58.86079$out[1] 1000> (r <- boxplot.stats(c(x, -1:1/0)))$stats[1] 1.0 25.5 51.0 76.5 100.0$n[1] 103$conf[1] 43.06022 58.93978$out[1] 1000 -Inf Inf> stopifnot(r$out == c(1000, -Inf, Inf))>> ## Don't show:> ## Difference between quartiles and hinges :> nn <- 1:17 ; n4 <- nn %% 4> hin <- sapply(sapply(nn, seq), function(x) boxplot.stats(x)$stats[c(2,4)])> q13 <- sapply(sapply(nn, seq), quantile, probs = c(1,3)/4, names = FALSE)> m <- t(rbind(q13,hin))[, c(1,3,2,4)]> dimnames(m) <- list(paste(nn), c("q1","lH", "q3","uH"))> stopifnot(m[n4 == 1, 1:2] == (nn[n4 == 1] + 3)/4, # quart. = hinge+ m[n4 == 1, 3:4] == (3*nn[n4 == 1] + 1)/4,+ m[,"lH"] == ( (nn+3) %/% 2) / 2,+ m[,"uH"] == ((3*nn+2)%/% 2) / 2)> cm <- noquote(format(m))> cm[m[,2] == m[,1], 2] <- " = "> cm[m[,4] == m[,3], 4] <- " = "> cmq1 lH q3 uH1 1.00 = 1.00 =2 1.25 1.00 1.75 2.003 1.50 = 2.50 =4 1.75 1.50 3.25 3.505 2.00 = 4.00 =6 2.25 2.00 4.75 5.007 2.50 = 5.50 =8 2.75 2.50 6.25 6.509 3.00 = 7.00 =10 3.25 3.00 7.75 8.0011 3.50 = 8.50 =12 3.75 3.50 9.25 9.5013 4.00 = 10.00 =14 4.25 4.00 10.75 11.0015 4.50 = 11.50 =16 4.75 4.50 12.25 12.5017 5.00 = 13.00 => ## End(Don't show)>>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("cairoSymbolFont")> ### * cairoSymbolFont>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: cairoSymbolFont> ### Title: Specify a Symbol Font> ### Aliases: cairoSymbolFont> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> ## Not run:> ##D ## If a font uses PUA, we can just specify the font name ...> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily="OpenSymbol")> ##D dev.off()> ##D ## ... or equivalently ...> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily=cairoSymbolFont("OpenSymbol"))> ##D dev.off()> ##D> ##D ## If a font does not use PUA, we must indicate that ...> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily=cairoSymbolFont("Nimbus Sans", usePUA=FALSE))> ##D dev.off()> ## End(Not run)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("check.options")> ### * check.options>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: check.options> ### Title: Set Options with Consistency Checks> ### Aliases: check.options> ### Keywords: utilities programming>> ### ** Examples>> (L1 <- list(a = 1:3, b = pi, ch = "CH"))$a[1] 1 2 3$b[1] 3.141593$ch[1] "CH"> check.options(list(a = 0:2), name.opt = "L1")$a[1] 0 1 2$b[1] 3.141593$ch[1] "CH"> check.options(NULL, reset = TRUE, name.opt = "L1")$a[1] 1 2 3$b[1] 3.141593$ch[1] "CH">>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("chull")> ### * chull>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: chull> ### Title: Compute Convex Hull of a Set of Points> ### Aliases: chull> ### Keywords: graphs>> ### ** Examples>> X <- matrix(stats::rnorm(2000), ncol = 2)> chull(X)[1] 61 442 165 899 697 446 975 656 232 557 938 295 495> ## Not run:> ##D # Example usage from graphics package> ##D plot(X, cex = 0.5)> ##D hpts <- chull(X)> ##D hpts <- c(hpts, hpts[1])> ##D lines(X[hpts, ])> ## End(Not run)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("cm")> ### * cm>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: cm> ### Title: Unit Transformation> ### Aliases: cm> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> cm(1) # = 2.54[1] 2.54>> ## Translate *from* cm *to* inches:>> 10 / cm(1) # -> 10cm are 3.937 inches[1] 3.937008>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("col2rgb")> ### * col2rgb>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: col2rgb> ### Title: Color to RGB Conversion> ### Aliases: col2rgb> ### Keywords: color dplot>> ### ** Examples>> col2rgb("peachpuff")[,1]red 255green 218blue 185> col2rgb(c(blu = "royalblue", reddish = "tomato")) # note: colnamesblu reddishred 65 255green 105 99blue 225 71>> col2rgb(1:8) # the ones from the palette() (if the default)[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8]red 0 223 97 34 40 205 245 158green 0 83 208 151 226 11 199 158blue 0 107 79 230 229 188 16 158>> col2rgb(paste0("gold", 1:4))[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]red 255 238 205 139green 215 201 173 117blue 0 0 0 0>> col2rgb("#08a0ff")[,1]red 8green 160blue 255> ## all three kinds of color specifications:> col2rgb(c(red = "red", hex = "#abcdef"))red hexred 255 171green 0 205blue 0 239> col2rgb(c(palette = 1:3))palette1 palette2 palette3red 0 223 97green 0 83 208blue 0 107 79>> ##-- NON-INTRODUCTORY examples -->> grC <- col2rgb(paste0("gray", 0:100))> table(print(diff(grC["red",]))) # '2' or '3': almost equidistant[1] 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2[38] 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3[75] 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 32 345 55> ## The 'named' grays are in between {"slate gray" is not gray, strictly}> col2rgb(c(g66 = "gray66", darkg = "dark gray", g67 = "gray67",+ g74 = "gray74", gray = "gray", g75 = "gray75",+ g82 = "gray82", light = "light gray", g83 = "gray83"))g66 darkg g67 g74 gray g75 g82 light g83red 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212green 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212blue 168 169 171 189 190 191 209 211 212>> crgb <- col2rgb(cc <- colors())> colnames(crgb) <- cc> t(crgb) # The whole tablered green bluewhite 255 255 255aliceblue 240 248 255antiquewhite 250 235 215antiquewhite1 255 239 219antiquewhite2 238 223 204antiquewhite3 205 192 176antiquewhite4 139 131 120aquamarine 127 255 212aquamarine1 127 255 212aquamarine2 118 238 198aquamarine3 102 205 170aquamarine4 69 139 116azure 240 255 255azure1 240 255 255azure2 224 238 238azure3 193 205 205azure4 131 139 139beige 245 245 220bisque 255 228 196bisque1 255 228 196bisque2 238 213 183bisque3 205 183 158bisque4 139 125 107black 0 0 0blanchedalmond 255 235 205blue 0 0 255blue1 0 0 255blue2 0 0 238blue3 0 0 205blue4 0 0 139blueviolet 138 43 226brown 165 42 42brown1 255 64 64brown2 238 59 59brown3 205 51 51brown4 139 35 35burlywood 222 184 135burlywood1 255 211 155burlywood2 238 197 145burlywood3 205 170 125burlywood4 139 115 85cadetblue 95 158 160cadetblue1 152 245 255cadetblue2 142 229 238cadetblue3 122 197 205cadetblue4 83 134 139chartreuse 127 255 0chartreuse1 127 255 0chartreuse2 118 238 0chartreuse3 102 205 0chartreuse4 69 139 0chocolate 210 105 30chocolate1 255 127 36chocolate2 238 118 33chocolate3 205 102 29chocolate4 139 69 19coral 255 127 80coral1 255 114 86coral2 238 106 80coral3 205 91 69coral4 139 62 47cornflowerblue 100 149 237cornsilk 255 248 220cornsilk1 255 248 220cornsilk2 238 232 205cornsilk3 205 200 177cornsilk4 139 136 120cyan 0 255 255cyan1 0 255 255cyan2 0 238 238cyan3 0 205 205cyan4 0 139 139darkblue 0 0 139darkcyan 0 139 139darkgoldenrod 184 134 11darkgoldenrod1 255 185 15darkgoldenrod2 238 173 14darkgoldenrod3 205 149 12darkgoldenrod4 139 101 8darkgray 169 169 169darkgreen 0 100 0darkgrey 169 169 169darkkhaki 189 183 107darkmagenta 139 0 139darkolivegreen 85 107 47darkolivegreen1 202 255 112darkolivegreen2 188 238 104darkolivegreen3 162 205 90darkolivegreen4 110 139 61darkorange 255 140 0darkorange1 255 127 0darkorange2 238 118 0darkorange3 205 102 0darkorange4 139 69 0darkorchid 153 50 204darkorchid1 191 62 255darkorchid2 178 58 238darkorchid3 154 50 205darkorchid4 104 34 139darkred 139 0 0darksalmon 233 150 122darkseagreen 143 188 143darkseagreen1 193 255 193darkseagreen2 180 238 180darkseagreen3 155 205 155darkseagreen4 105 139 105darkslateblue 72 61 139darkslategray 47 79 79darkslategray1 151 255 255darkslategray2 141 238 238darkslategray3 121 205 205darkslategray4 82 139 139darkslategrey 47 79 79darkturquoise 0 206 209darkviolet 148 0 211deeppink 255 20 147deeppink1 255 20 147deeppink2 238 18 137deeppink3 205 16 118deeppink4 139 10 80deepskyblue 0 191 255deepskyblue1 0 191 255deepskyblue2 0 178 238deepskyblue3 0 154 205deepskyblue4 0 104 139dimgray 105 105 105dimgrey 105 105 105dodgerblue 30 144 255dodgerblue1 30 144 255dodgerblue2 28 134 238dodgerblue3 24 116 205dodgerblue4 16 78 139firebrick 178 34 34firebrick1 255 48 48firebrick2 238 44 44firebrick3 205 38 38firebrick4 139 26 26floralwhite 255 250 240forestgreen 34 139 34gainsboro 220 220 220ghostwhite 248 248 255gold 255 215 0gold1 255 215 0gold2 238 201 0gold3 205 173 0gold4 139 117 0goldenrod 218 165 32goldenrod1 255 193 37goldenrod2 238 180 34goldenrod3 205 155 29goldenrod4 139 105 20gray 190 190 190gray0 0 0 0gray1 3 3 3gray2 5 5 5gray3 8 8 8gray4 10 10 10gray5 13 13 13gray6 15 15 15gray7 18 18 18gray8 20 20 20gray9 23 23 23gray10 26 26 26gray11 28 28 28gray12 31 31 31gray13 33 33 33gray14 36 36 36gray15 38 38 38gray16 41 41 41gray17 43 43 43gray18 46 46 46gray19 48 48 48gray20 51 51 51gray21 54 54 54gray22 56 56 56gray23 59 59 59gray24 61 61 61gray25 64 64 64gray26 66 66 66gray27 69 69 69gray28 71 71 71gray29 74 74 74gray30 77 77 77gray31 79 79 79gray32 82 82 82gray33 84 84 84gray34 87 87 87gray35 89 89 89gray36 92 92 92gray37 94 94 94gray38 97 97 97gray39 99 99 99gray40 102 102 102gray41 105 105 105gray42 107 107 107gray43 110 110 110gray44 112 112 112gray45 115 115 115gray46 117 117 117gray47 120 120 120gray48 122 122 122gray49 125 125 125gray50 127 127 127gray51 130 130 130gray52 133 133 133gray53 135 135 135gray54 138 138 138gray55 140 140 140gray56 143 143 143gray57 145 145 145gray58 148 148 148gray59 150 150 150gray60 153 153 153gray61 156 156 156gray62 158 158 158gray63 161 161 161gray64 163 163 163gray65 166 166 166gray66 168 168 168gray67 171 171 171gray68 173 173 173gray69 176 176 176gray70 179 179 179gray71 181 181 181gray72 184 184 184gray73 186 186 186gray74 189 189 189gray75 191 191 191gray76 194 194 194gray77 196 196 196gray78 199 199 199gray79 201 201 201gray80 204 204 204gray81 207 207 207gray82 209 209 209gray83 212 212 212gray84 214 214 214gray85 217 217 217gray86 219 219 219gray87 222 222 222gray88 224 224 224gray89 227 227 227gray90 229 229 229gray91 232 232 232gray92 235 235 235gray93 237 237 237gray94 240 240 240gray95 242 242 242gray96 245 245 245gray97 247 247 247gray98 250 250 250gray99 252 252 252gray100 255 255 255green 0 255 0green1 0 255 0green2 0 238 0green3 0 205 0green4 0 139 0greenyellow 173 255 47grey 190 190 190grey0 0 0 0grey1 3 3 3grey2 5 5 5grey3 8 8 8grey4 10 10 10grey5 13 13 13grey6 15 15 15grey7 18 18 18grey8 20 20 20grey9 23 23 23grey10 26 26 26grey11 28 28 28grey12 31 31 31grey13 33 33 33grey14 36 36 36grey15 38 38 38grey16 41 41 41grey17 43 43 43grey18 46 46 46grey19 48 48 48grey20 51 51 51grey21 54 54 54grey22 56 56 56grey23 59 59 59grey24 61 61 61grey25 64 64 64grey26 66 66 66grey27 69 69 69grey28 71 71 71grey29 74 74 74grey30 77 77 77grey31 79 79 79grey32 82 82 82grey33 84 84 84grey34 87 87 87grey35 89 89 89grey36 92 92 92grey37 94 94 94grey38 97 97 97grey39 99 99 99grey40 102 102 102grey41 105 105 105grey42 107 107 107grey43 110 110 110grey44 112 112 112grey45 115 115 115grey46 117 117 117grey47 120 120 120grey48 122 122 122grey49 125 125 125grey50 127 127 127grey51 130 130 130grey52 133 133 133grey53 135 135 135grey54 138 138 138grey55 140 140 140grey56 143 143 143grey57 145 145 145grey58 148 148 148grey59 150 150 150grey60 153 153 153grey61 156 156 156grey62 158 158 158grey63 161 161 161grey64 163 163 163grey65 166 166 166grey66 168 168 168grey67 171 171 171grey68 173 173 173grey69 176 176 176grey70 179 179 179grey71 181 181 181grey72 184 184 184grey73 186 186 186grey74 189 189 189grey75 191 191 191grey76 194 194 194grey77 196 196 196grey78 199 199 199grey79 201 201 201grey80 204 204 204grey81 207 207 207grey82 209 209 209grey83 212 212 212grey84 214 214 214grey85 217 217 217grey86 219 219 219grey87 222 222 222grey88 224 224 224grey89 227 227 227grey90 229 229 229grey91 232 232 232grey92 235 235 235grey93 237 237 237grey94 240 240 240grey95 242 242 242grey96 245 245 245grey97 247 247 247grey98 250 250 250grey99 252 252 252grey100 255 255 255honeydew 240 255 240honeydew1 240 255 240honeydew2 224 238 224honeydew3 193 205 193honeydew4 131 139 131hotpink 255 105 180hotpink1 255 110 180hotpink2 238 106 167hotpink3 205 96 144hotpink4 139 58 98indianred 205 92 92indianred1 255 106 106indianred2 238 99 99indianred3 205 85 85indianred4 139 58 58ivory 255 255 240ivory1 255 255 240ivory2 238 238 224ivory3 205 205 193ivory4 139 139 131khaki 240 230 140khaki1 255 246 143khaki2 238 230 133khaki3 205 198 115khaki4 139 134 78lavender 230 230 250lavenderblush 255 240 245lavenderblush1 255 240 245lavenderblush2 238 224 229lavenderblush3 205 193 197lavenderblush4 139 131 134lawngreen 124 252 0lemonchiffon 255 250 205lemonchiffon1 255 250 205lemonchiffon2 238 233 191lemonchiffon3 205 201 165lemonchiffon4 139 137 112lightblue 173 216 230lightblue1 191 239 255lightblue2 178 223 238lightblue3 154 192 205lightblue4 104 131 139lightcoral 240 128 128lightcyan 224 255 255lightcyan1 224 255 255lightcyan2 209 238 238lightcyan3 180 205 205lightcyan4 122 139 139lightgoldenrod 238 221 130lightgoldenrod1 255 236 139lightgoldenrod2 238 220 130lightgoldenrod3 205 190 112lightgoldenrod4 139 129 76lightgoldenrodyellow 250 250 210lightgray 211 211 211lightgreen 144 238 144lightgrey 211 211 211lightpink 255 182 193lightpink1 255 174 185lightpink2 238 162 173lightpink3 205 140 149lightpink4 139 95 101lightsalmon 255 160 122lightsalmon1 255 160 122lightsalmon2 238 149 114lightsalmon3 205 129 98lightsalmon4 139 87 66lightseagreen 32 178 170lightskyblue 135 206 250lightskyblue1 176 226 255lightskyblue2 164 211 238lightskyblue3 141 182 205lightskyblue4 96 123 139lightslateblue 132 112 255lightslategray 119 136 153lightslategrey 119 136 153lightsteelblue 176 196 222lightsteelblue1 202 225 255lightsteelblue2 188 210 238lightsteelblue3 162 181 205lightsteelblue4 110 123 139lightyellow 255 255 224lightyellow1 255 255 224lightyellow2 238 238 209lightyellow3 205 205 180lightyellow4 139 139 122limegreen 50 205 50linen 250 240 230magenta 255 0 255magenta1 255 0 255magenta2 238 0 238magenta3 205 0 205magenta4 139 0 139maroon 176 48 96maroon1 255 52 179maroon2 238 48 167maroon3 205 41 144maroon4 139 28 98mediumaquamarine 102 205 170mediumblue 0 0 205mediumorchid 186 85 211mediumorchid1 224 102 255mediumorchid2 209 95 238mediumorchid3 180 82 205mediumorchid4 122 55 139mediumpurple 147 112 219mediumpurple1 171 130 255mediumpurple2 159 121 238mediumpurple3 137 104 205mediumpurple4 93 71 139mediumseagreen 60 179 113mediumslateblue 123 104 238mediumspringgreen 0 250 154mediumturquoise 72 209 204mediumvioletred 199 21 133midnightblue 25 25 112mintcream 245 255 250mistyrose 255 228 225mistyrose1 255 228 225mistyrose2 238 213 210mistyrose3 205 183 181mistyrose4 139 125 123moccasin 255 228 181navajowhite 255 222 173navajowhite1 255 222 173navajowhite2 238 207 161navajowhite3 205 179 139navajowhite4 139 121 94navy 0 0 128navyblue 0 0 128oldlace 253 245 230olivedrab 107 142 35olivedrab1 192 255 62olivedrab2 179 238 58olivedrab3 154 205 50olivedrab4 105 139 34orange 255 165 0orange1 255 165 0orange2 238 154 0orange3 205 133 0orange4 139 90 0orangered 255 69 0orangered1 255 69 0orangered2 238 64 0orangered3 205 55 0orangered4 139 37 0orchid 218 112 214orchid1 255 131 250orchid2 238 122 233orchid3 205 105 201orchid4 139 71 137palegoldenrod 238 232 170palegreen 152 251 152palegreen1 154 255 154palegreen2 144 238 144palegreen3 124 205 124palegreen4 84 139 84paleturquoise 175 238 238paleturquoise1 187 255 255paleturquoise2 174 238 238paleturquoise3 150 205 205paleturquoise4 102 139 139palevioletred 219 112 147palevioletred1 255 130 171palevioletred2 238 121 159palevioletred3 205 104 137palevioletred4 139 71 93papayawhip 255 239 213peachpuff 255 218 185peachpuff1 255 218 185peachpuff2 238 203 173peachpuff3 205 175 149peachpuff4 139 119 101peru 205 133 63pink 255 192 203pink1 255 181 197pink2 238 169 184pink3 205 145 158pink4 139 99 108plum 221 160 221plum1 255 187 255plum2 238 174 238plum3 205 150 205plum4 139 102 139powderblue 176 224 230purple 160 32 240purple1 155 48 255purple2 145 44 238purple3 125 38 205purple4 85 26 139red 255 0 0red1 255 0 0red2 238 0 0red3 205 0 0red4 139 0 0rosybrown 188 143 143rosybrown1 255 193 193rosybrown2 238 180 180rosybrown3 205 155 155rosybrown4 139 105 105royalblue 65 105 225royalblue1 72 118 255royalblue2 67 110 238royalblue3 58 95 205royalblue4 39 64 139saddlebrown 139 69 19salmon 250 128 114salmon1 255 140 105salmon2 238 130 98salmon3 205 112 84salmon4 139 76 57sandybrown 244 164 96seagreen 46 139 87seagreen1 84 255 159seagreen2 78 238 148seagreen3 67 205 128seagreen4 46 139 87seashell 255 245 238seashell1 255 245 238seashell2 238 229 222seashell3 205 197 191seashell4 139 134 130sienna 160 82 45sienna1 255 130 71sienna2 238 121 66sienna3 205 104 57sienna4 139 71 38skyblue 135 206 235skyblue1 135 206 255skyblue2 126 192 238skyblue3 108 166 205skyblue4 74 112 139slateblue 106 90 205slateblue1 131 111 255slateblue2 122 103 238slateblue3 105 89 205slateblue4 71 60 139slategray 112 128 144slategray1 198 226 255slategray2 185 211 238slategray3 159 182 205slategray4 108 123 139slategrey 112 128 144snow 255 250 250snow1 255 250 250snow2 238 233 233snow3 205 201 201snow4 139 137 137springgreen 0 255 127springgreen1 0 255 127springgreen2 0 238 118springgreen3 0 205 102springgreen4 0 139 69steelblue 70 130 180steelblue1 99 184 255steelblue2 92 172 238steelblue3 79 148 205steelblue4 54 100 139tan 210 180 140tan1 255 165 79tan2 238 154 73tan3 205 133 63tan4 139 90 43thistle 216 191 216thistle1 255 225 255thistle2 238 210 238thistle3 205 181 205thistle4 139 123 139tomato 255 99 71tomato1 255 99 71tomato2 238 92 66tomato3 205 79 57tomato4 139 54 38turquoise 64 224 208turquoise1 0 245 255turquoise2 0 229 238turquoise3 0 197 205turquoise4 0 134 139violet 238 130 238violetred 208 32 144violetred1 255 62 150violetred2 238 58 140violetred3 205 50 120violetred4 139 34 82wheat 245 222 179wheat1 255 231 186wheat2 238 216 174wheat3 205 186 150wheat4 139 126 102whitesmoke 245 245 245yellow 255 255 0yellow1 255 255 0yellow2 238 238 0yellow3 205 205 0yellow4 139 139 0yellowgreen 154 205 50>> ccodes <- c(256^(2:0) %*% crgb) # = internal codes> ## How many names are 'aliases' of each other:> table(tcc <- table(ccodes))1 2 3 4352 146 3 1> length(uc <- unique(sort(ccodes))) # 502[1] 502> ## All the multiply named colors:> mult <- uc[tcc >= 2]> cl <- lapply(mult, function(m) cc[ccodes == m])> names(cl) <- apply(col2rgb(sapply(cl, function(x)x[1])),+ 2, function(n)paste(n, collapse = ","))> utils::str(cl)List of 150$ 0,0,0 : chr [1:3] "black" "gray0" "grey0"$ 0,0,128 : chr [1:2] "navy" "navyblue"$ 0,0,139 : chr [1:2] "blue4" "darkblue"$ 0,0,205 : chr [1:2] "blue3" "mediumblue"$ 0,0,255 : chr [1:2] "blue" "blue1"$ 0,139,139 : chr [1:2] "cyan4" "darkcyan"$ 0,191,255 : chr [1:2] "deepskyblue" "deepskyblue1"$ 0,255,0 : chr [1:2] "green" "green1"$ 0,255,127 : chr [1:2] "springgreen" "springgreen1"$ 0,255,255 : chr [1:2] "cyan" "cyan1"$ 3,3,3 : chr [1:2] "gray1" "grey1"$ 5,5,5 : chr [1:2] "gray2" "grey2"$ 8,8,8 : chr [1:2] "gray3" "grey3"$ 10,10,10 : chr [1:2] "gray4" "grey4"$ 13,13,13 : chr [1:2] "gray5" "grey5"$ 15,15,15 : chr [1:2] "gray6" "grey6"$ 18,18,18 : chr [1:2] "gray7" "grey7"$ 20,20,20 : chr [1:2] "gray8" "grey8"$ 23,23,23 : chr [1:2] "gray9" "grey9"$ 26,26,26 : chr [1:2] "gray10" "grey10"$ 28,28,28 : chr [1:2] "gray11" "grey11"$ 30,144,255 : chr [1:2] "dodgerblue" "dodgerblue1"$ 31,31,31 : chr [1:2] "gray12" "grey12"$ 33,33,33 : chr [1:2] "gray13" "grey13"$ 36,36,36 : chr [1:2] "gray14" "grey14"$ 38,38,38 : chr [1:2] "gray15" "grey15"$ 41,41,41 : chr [1:2] "gray16" "grey16"$ 43,43,43 : chr [1:2] "gray17" "grey17"$ 46,46,46 : chr [1:2] "gray18" "grey18"$ 46,139,87 : chr [1:2] "seagreen" "seagreen4"$ 47,79,79 : chr [1:2] "darkslategray" "darkslategrey"$ 48,48,48 : chr [1:2] "gray19" "grey19"$ 51,51,51 : chr [1:2] "gray20" "grey20"$ 54,54,54 : chr [1:2] "gray21" "grey21"$ 56,56,56 : chr [1:2] "gray22" "grey22"$ 59,59,59 : chr [1:2] "gray23" "grey23"$ 61,61,61 : chr [1:2] "gray24" "grey24"$ 64,64,64 : chr [1:2] "gray25" "grey25"$ 66,66,66 : chr [1:2] "gray26" "grey26"$ 69,69,69 : chr [1:2] "gray27" "grey27"$ 71,71,71 : chr [1:2] "gray28" "grey28"$ 74,74,74 : chr [1:2] "gray29" "grey29"$ 77,77,77 : chr [1:2] "gray30" "grey30"$ 79,79,79 : chr [1:2] "gray31" "grey31"$ 82,82,82 : chr [1:2] "gray32" "grey32"$ 84,84,84 : chr [1:2] "gray33" "grey33"$ 87,87,87 : chr [1:2] "gray34" "grey34"$ 89,89,89 : chr [1:2] "gray35" "grey35"$ 92,92,92 : chr [1:2] "gray36" "grey36"$ 94,94,94 : chr [1:2] "gray37" "grey37"$ 97,97,97 : chr [1:2] "gray38" "grey38"$ 99,99,99 : chr [1:2] "gray39" "grey39"$ 102,102,102: chr [1:2] "gray40" "grey40"$ 102,205,170: chr [1:2] "aquamarine3" "mediumaquamarine"$ 105,105,105: chr [1:4] "dimgray" "dimgrey" "gray41" "grey41"$ 107,107,107: chr [1:2] "gray42" "grey42"$ 110,110,110: chr [1:2] "gray43" "grey43"$ 112,112,112: chr [1:2] "gray44" "grey44"$ 112,128,144: chr [1:2] "slategray" "slategrey"$ 115,115,115: chr [1:2] "gray45" "grey45"$ 117,117,117: chr [1:2] "gray46" "grey46"$ 119,136,153: chr [1:2] "lightslategray" "lightslategrey"$ 120,120,120: chr [1:2] "gray47" "grey47"$ 122,122,122: chr [1:2] "gray48" "grey48"$ 125,125,125: chr [1:2] "gray49" "grey49"$ 127,127,127: chr [1:2] "gray50" "grey50"$ 127,255,0 : chr [1:2] "chartreuse" "chartreuse1"$ 127,255,212: chr [1:2] "aquamarine" "aquamarine1"$ 130,130,130: chr [1:2] "gray51" "grey51"$ 133,133,133: chr [1:2] "gray52" "grey52"$ 135,135,135: chr [1:2] "gray53" "grey53"$ 138,138,138: chr [1:2] "gray54" "grey54"$ 139,0,0 : chr [1:2] "darkred" "red4"$ 139,0,139 : chr [1:2] "darkmagenta" "magenta4"$ 139,69,19 : chr [1:2] "chocolate4" "saddlebrown"$ 140,140,140: chr [1:2] "gray55" "grey55"$ 143,143,143: chr [1:2] "gray56" "grey56"$ 144,238,144: chr [1:2] "lightgreen" "palegreen2"$ 145,145,145: chr [1:2] "gray57" "grey57"$ 148,148,148: chr [1:2] "gray58" "grey58"$ 150,150,150: chr [1:2] "gray59" "grey59"$ 153,153,153: chr [1:2] "gray60" "grey60"$ 154,205,50 : chr [1:2] "olivedrab3" "yellowgreen"$ 156,156,156: chr [1:2] "gray61" "grey61"$ 158,158,158: chr [1:2] "gray62" "grey62"$ 161,161,161: chr [1:2] "gray63" "grey63"$ 163,163,163: chr [1:2] "gray64" "grey64"$ 166,166,166: chr [1:2] "gray65" "grey65"$ 168,168,168: chr [1:2] "gray66" "grey66"$ 169,169,169: chr [1:2] "darkgray" "darkgrey"$ 171,171,171: chr [1:2] "gray67" "grey67"$ 173,173,173: chr [1:2] "gray68" "grey68"$ 176,176,176: chr [1:2] "gray69" "grey69"$ 179,179,179: chr [1:2] "gray70" "grey70"$ 181,181,181: chr [1:2] "gray71" "grey71"$ 184,184,184: chr [1:2] "gray72" "grey72"$ 186,186,186: chr [1:2] "gray73" "grey73"$ 189,189,189: chr [1:2] "gray74" "grey74"$ 190,190,190: chr [1:2] "gray" "grey"[list output truncated]> ## Not run:> ##D if(require(xgobi)) { ## Look at the color cube dynamically :> ##D tc <- t(crgb[, !duplicated(ccodes)])> ##D table(is.gray <- tc[,1] == tc[,2] & tc[,2] == tc[,3]) # (397, 105)> ##D xgobi(tc, color = c("gold", "gray")[1 + is.gray])> ##D }> ## End(Not run)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("colorRamp")> ### * colorRamp>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: colorRamp> ### Title: Color interpolation> ### Aliases: colorRamp colorRampPalette> ### Keywords: color>> ### ** Examples>> ## Both return a *function* :> colorRamp(c("red", "green"))( (0:4)/4 ) ## (x) , x in [0,1][,1] [,2] [,3][1,] 255.00 0.00 0[2,] 191.25 63.75 0[3,] 127.50 127.50 0[4,] 63.75 191.25 0[5,] 0.00 255.00 0> colorRampPalette(c("blue", "red"))( 4 ) ## (n)[1] "#0000FF" "#5500AA" "#AA0055" "#FF0000"> ## a ramp in opacity of blue values> colorRampPalette(c(rgb(0,0,1,1), rgb(0,0,1,0)), alpha = TRUE)(8)[1] "#0000FFFF" "#0000FFDA" "#0000FFB6" "#0000FF91" "#0000FF6D" "#0000FF48"[7] "#0000FF24" "#0000FF00">> require(graphics)>> ## Here space="rgb" gives palettes that vary only in saturation,> ## as intended.> ## With space="Lab" the steps are more uniform, but the hues> ## are slightly purple.> filled.contour(volcano,+ color.palette =+ colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue")),+ asp = 1)> filled.contour(volcano,+ color.palette =+ colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue"),+ space = "Lab"),+ asp = 1)>> ## Interpolating a 'sequential' ColorBrewer palette> YlOrBr <- c("#FFFFD4", "#FED98E", "#FE9929", "#D95F0E", "#993404")> filled.contour(volcano,+ color.palette = colorRampPalette(YlOrBr, space = "Lab"),+ asp = 1)> filled.contour(volcano,+ color.palette = colorRampPalette(YlOrBr, space = "Lab",+ bias = 0.5),+ asp = 1)>> ## 'jet.colors' is "as in Matlab"> ## (and hurting the eyes by over-saturation)> jet.colors <-+ colorRampPalette(c("#00007F", "blue", "#007FFF", "cyan",+ "#7FFF7F", "yellow", "#FF7F00", "red", "#7F0000"))> filled.contour(volcano, color.palette = jet.colors, asp = 1)>> ## space="Lab" helps when colors don't form a natural sequence> m <- outer(1:20,1:20,function(x,y) sin(sqrt(x*y)/3))> rgb.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "orange", "blue"),+ space = "rgb")> Lab.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "orange", "blue"),+ space = "Lab")> filled.contour(m, col = rgb.palette(20))> filled.contour(m, col = Lab.palette(20))>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("colors")> ### * colors>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: colors> ### Title: Color Names> ### Aliases: colors colours> ### Keywords: color dplot sysdata>> ### ** Examples>> cl <- colors()> length(cl); cl[1:20][1] 657[1] "white" "aliceblue" "antiquewhite" "antiquewhite1"[5] "antiquewhite2" "antiquewhite3" "antiquewhite4" "aquamarine"[9] "aquamarine1" "aquamarine2" "aquamarine3" "aquamarine4"[13] "azure" "azure1" "azure2" "azure3"[17] "azure4" "beige" "bisque" "bisque1">> length(cl. <- colors(TRUE))[1] 502> ## only 502 of the 657 named ones>> ## ----------- Show all named colors and more:> demo("colors")demo(colors)---- ~~~~~~> ### ----------- Show (almost) all named colors --------------------->> ## 1) with traditional 'graphics' package:> showCols1 <- function(bg = "gray", cex = 0.75, srt = 30) {+ m <- ceiling(sqrt(n <- length(cl <- colors())))+ length(cl) <- m*m; cm <- matrix(cl, m)+ ##+ require("graphics")+ op <- par(mar=rep(0,4), ann=FALSE, bg = bg); on.exit(par(op))+ plot(1:m,1:m, type="n", axes=FALSE)+ text(col(cm), rev(row(cm)), cm, col = cl, cex=cex, srt=srt)+ }> showCols1()> ## 2) with 'grid' package:> showCols2 <- function(bg = "grey", cex = 0.75, rot = 30) {+ m <- ceiling(sqrt(n <- length(cl <- colors())))+ length(cl) <- m*m; cm <- matrix(cl, m)+ ##+ require("grid")+ grid.newpage(); vp <- viewport(width = .92, height = .92)+ grid.rect(gp=gpar(fill=bg))+ grid.text(cm, x = col(cm)/m, y = rev(row(cm))/m, rot = rot,+ vp=vp, gp=gpar(cex = cex, col = cm))+ }> showCols2()Loading required package: grid> showCols2(bg = "gray33")> ###>> ##' @title Comparing Colors> ##' @param col> ##' @param nrow> ##' @param ncol> ##' @param txt.col> ##' @return the grid layout, invisibly> ##' @author Marius Hofert, originally> plotCol <- function(col, nrow=1, ncol=ceiling(length(col) / nrow),+ txt.col="black") {+ stopifnot(nrow >= 1, ncol >= 1)+ if(length(col) > nrow*ncol)+ warning("some colors will not be shown")+ require(grid)+ grid.newpage()+ gl <- grid.layout(nrow, ncol)+ pushViewport(viewport(layout=gl))+ ic <- 1+ for(i in 1:nrow) {+ for(j in 1:ncol) {+ pushViewport(viewport(layout.pos.row=i, layout.pos.col=j))+ grid.rect(gp= gpar(fill=col[ic]))+ grid.text(col[ic], gp=gpar(col=txt.col))+ upViewport()+ ic <- ic+1+ }+ }+ upViewport()+ invisible(gl)+ }> ## A Chocolate Bar of colors:> plotCol(c("#CC8C3C", paste0("chocolate", 2:4),+ paste0("darkorange", c("",1:2)), paste0("darkgoldenrod", 1:2),+ "orange", "orange1", "sandybrown", "tan1", "tan2"),+ nrow=2)> ##' Find close R colors() to a given color {original by Marius Hofert)> ##' using Euclidean norm in (HSV / RGB / ...) color space> nearRcolor <- function(rgb, cSpace = c("hsv", "rgb255", "Luv", "Lab"),+ dist = switch(cSpace, "hsv" = 0.10, "rgb255" = 30,+ "Luv" = 15, "Lab" = 12))+ {+ if(is.character(rgb)) rgb <- col2rgb(rgb)+ stopifnot(length(rgb <- as.vector(rgb)) == 3)+ Rcol <- col2rgb(.cc <- colors())+ uniqC <- !duplicated(t(Rcol)) # gray9 == grey9 (etc)+ Rcol <- Rcol[, uniqC] ; .cc <- .cc[uniqC]+ cSpace <- match.arg(cSpace)+ convRGB2 <- function(Rgb, to)+ t(convertColor(t(Rgb), from="sRGB", to=to, scale.in=255))+ ## the transformation, rgb{0..255} --> cSpace :+ TransF <- switch(cSpace,+ "rgb255" = identity,+ "hsv" = rgb2hsv,+ "Luv" = function(RGB) convRGB2(RGB, "Luv"),+ "Lab" = function(RGB) convRGB2(RGB, "Lab"))+ d <- sqrt(colSums((TransF(Rcol) - as.vector(TransF(rgb)))^2))+ iS <- sort.list(d[near <- d <= dist])# sorted: closest first+ setNames(.cc[near][iS], format(zapsmall(d[near][iS]), digits=3))+ }> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "rgb")0.0 21.1 25.8 29.5"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "sienna1"> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "hsv")0.0000 0.0410 0.0618 0.0638 0.0667 0.0766"tan2" "sienna2" "coral2" "tomato2" "tan1" "coral"0.0778 0.0900 0.0912 0.0918"sienna1" "sandybrown" "coral1" "tomato"> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "Luv")0.00 7.42 7.48 12.41 13.69"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "orange3" "orange2"> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "Lab")0.00 5.56 8.08 11.31"tan2" "tan1" "sandybrown" "peru"> nearRcolor("#334455")0.0867"darkslategray"> ## Now, consider choosing a color by looking in the> ## neighborhood of one you know :>> plotCol(nearRcolor("deepskyblue", "rgb", dist=50))> plotCol(nearRcolor("deepskyblue", dist=.1))> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "rgb", dist= 50), nrow=3)> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "hsv", dist=.12), nrow=3)> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "Luv", dist= 25), nrow=3)> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "Lab", dist= 18), nrow=3)> ## ----------->>>> cleanEx()detaching ‘package:grid’> nameEx("contourLines")> ### * contourLines>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: contourLines> ### Title: Calculate Contour Lines> ### Aliases: contourLines> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> x <- 10*1:nrow(volcano)> y <- 10*1:ncol(volcano)> cl <- contourLines(x, y, volcano)> ## summarize the sizes of each the contour lines :> cbind(lev = vapply(cl, `[[`, .5, "level"),+ n = vapply(cl, function(l) length(l$x), 1))lev n[1,] 100 47[2,] 100 16[3,] 100 11[4,] 110 45[5,] 110 48[6,] 110 126[7,] 110 14[8,] 120 270[9,] 130 259[10,] 140 245[11,] 150 207[12,] 150 13[13,] 160 165[14,] 160 31[15,] 170 169[16,] 170 5[17,] 170 21[18,] 180 105[19,] 180 15[20,] 190 49>> z <- outer(-9:25, -9:25)> pretty(range(z), 10) # -300 -200 ... 600 700[1] -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700> utils::str(c2 <- contourLines(z))List of 12$ :List of 3..$ level: num -200..$ x : num [1:4] 0 0.00895 0.01961 0.02844..$ y : num [1:4] 0.918 0.941 0.971 1$ :List of 3..$ level: num -200..$ x : num [1:4] 0.918 0.941 0.971 1..$ y : num [1:4] 0 0.00895 0.01961 0.02844$ :List of 3..$ level: num -100..$ x : num [1:19] 0 0.0196 0.0294 0.0385 0.0546 .....$ y : num [1:19] 0.592 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.676 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num -100..$ x : num [1:19] 0.592 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.676 .....$ y : num [1:19] 0 0.0196 0.0294 0.0385 0.0546 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num 0..$ x : num [1:34] 0 0.0294 0.0588 0.0882 0.1176 .....$ y : num [1:34] 0.267 0.268 0.268 0.268 0.269 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num 0..$ x : num [1:34] 0.267 0.268 0.268 0.268 0.269 .....$ y : num [1:34] 0 0.0294 0.0588 0.0882 0.1176 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num 100..$ x : num [1:44] 1 0.995 0.971 0.941 0.912 .....$ y : num [1:44] 0.381 0.382 0.387 0.393 0.398 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num 200..$ x : num [1:36] 1 0.997 0.971 0.941 0.918 .....$ y : num [1:36] 0.499 0.5 0.51 0.52 0.529 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num 300..$ x : num [1:28] 1 0.998 0.971 0.943 0.941 .....$ y : num [1:28] 0.617 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.648 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num 400..$ x : num [1:20] 1 0.999 0.971 0.957 0.941 .....$ y : num [1:20] 0.734 0.735 0.755 0.765 0.776 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num 500..$ x : num [1:12] 1 0.999 0.971 0.965 0.941 .....$ y : num [1:12] 0.852 0.853 0.877 0.882 0.904 ...$ :List of 3..$ level: num 600..$ x : num [1:4] 1 0.999 0.971 0.97..$ y : num [1:4] 0.97 0.971 0.999 1> # no segments for {-300, 700};> # 2 segments for {-200, -100, 0}> # 1 segment for 100:600>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("convertColor")> ### * convertColor>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: convertColor> ### Title: Convert between Colour Spaces> ### Aliases: convertColor colorspaces> ### Keywords: color>> ### ** Examples>> ## The displayable colors from four planes of Lab space> ab <- expand.grid(a = (-10:15)*10,+ b = (-15:10)*10)> require(graphics); require(stats) # for na.omit> par(mfrow = c(2, 2), mar = .1+c(3, 3, 3, .5), mgp = c(2, .8, 0))>> Lab <- cbind(L = 20, ab)> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])> image((-10:15)*10, (-15:10)*10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=20")>> Lab <- cbind(L = 40, ab)> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])> image((-10:15)*10, (-15:10)*10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=40")>> Lab <- cbind(L = 60, ab)> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])> image((-10:15)*10, (-15:10)*10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=60")>> Lab <- cbind(L = 80, ab)> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])> image((-10:15)*10, (-15:10)*10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,+ xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=80")>> cols <- t(col2rgb(palette())); rownames(cols) <- palette(); colsred green blueblack 0 0 0#DF536B 223 83 107#61D04F 97 208 79#2297E6 34 151 230#28E2E5 40 226 229#CD0BBC 205 11 188#F5C710 245 199 16gray62 158 158 158> zapsmall(lab <- convertColor(cols, from = "sRGB", to = "Lab", scale.in = 255))L a bblack 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000#DF536B 55.16051 56.30900 16.18063#61D04F 74.89688 -55.97739 53.00681#2297E6 59.98342 -3.54255 -48.62932#28E2E5 82.01645 -41.73498 -14.10432#CD0BBC 48.23048 79.84315 -42.53326#F5C710 82.05072 2.31748 81.63638gray62 65.11425 0.00000 0.00000> stopifnot(all.equal(cols, # converting back.. getting the original:+ round(convertColor(lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", scale.out = 255)),+ check.attributes = FALSE))>>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("densCols")> ### * densCols>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: densCols> ### Title: Colors for Smooth Density Plots> ### Aliases: densCols blues9> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("dev")> ### * dev>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: dev> ### Title: Control Multiple Devices> ### Aliases: dev.cur dev.list dev.next dev.prev dev.off dev.set dev.new> ### graphics.off> ### Keywords: device iplot>> ### ** Examples>> ## Not run:> ##D ## Unix-specific example> ##D x11()> ##D plot(1:10)> ##D x11()> ##D plot(rnorm(10))> ##D dev.set(dev.prev())> ##D abline(0, 1) # through the 1:10 points> ##D dev.set(dev.next())> ##D abline(h = 0, col = "gray") # for the residual plot> ##D dev.set(dev.prev())> ##D dev.off(); dev.off() #- close the two X devices> ## End(Not run)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("dev.capabilities")> ### * dev.capabilities>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: dev.capabilities> ### Title: Query Capabilities of the Current Graphics Device> ### Aliases: dev.capabilities> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> dev.capabilities()$semiTransparency[1] TRUE$transparentBackground[1] "semi"$rasterImage[1] "yes"$capture[1] FALSE$locator[1] FALSE$eventscharacter(0)$patterns[1] "LinearGradient" "RadialGradient" "TilingPattern"$clippingPaths[1] TRUE$masks[1] "alpha" "luminance"$compositing[1] "multiply" "screen" "overlay" "darken" "lighten"[6] "color.dodge" "color.burn" "hard.light" "soft.light" "difference"[11] "exclusion"$transformations[1] TRUE$paths[1] TRUE$glyphs[1] TRUE>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("dev.interactive")> ### * dev.interactive>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: dev.interactive> ### Title: Is the Current Graphics Device Interactive?> ### Aliases: dev.interactive deviceIsInteractive> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> dev.interactive()[1] FALSE> print(deviceIsInteractive(NULL))[1] "X11" "X11cairo" "quartz" "windows" "JavaGD" "CairoWin" "CairoX11">>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("dev.size")> ### * dev.size>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: dev.size> ### Title: Find Size of Device Surface> ### Aliases: dev.size> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> dev.size("cm")[1] 17.78 17.78>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("dev2")> ### * dev2>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: dev2> ### Title: Copy Graphics Between Multiple Devices> ### Aliases: dev.copy dev.print dev.copy2eps dev.copy2pdf dev.control> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> ## Not run:> ##D x11() # on a Unix-alike> ##D plot(rnorm(10), main = "Plot 1")> ##D dev.copy(device = x11)> ##D mtext("Copy 1", 3)> ##D dev.print(width = 6, height = 6, horizontal = FALSE) # prints it> ##D dev.off(dev.prev())> ##D dev.off()> ## End(Not run)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("extendrange")> ### * extendrange>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: extendrange> ### Title: Extend a Numerical Range by a Small Percentage> ### Aliases: extendrange> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> x <- 1:5> (r <- range(x)) # 1 5[1] 1 5> extendrange(x) # 0.8 5.2[1] 0.8 5.2> extendrange(x, f= 0.01) # 0.96 5.04[1] 0.96 5.04>> ## extend more to the right:> extendrange(x, f=c(.01,.03)) # 0.96 5.12[1] 0.96 5.12>> ## Use 'r' if you have it already:> stopifnot(identical(extendrange(r = r),+ extendrange(x)))>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("getGraphicsEvent")> ### * getGraphicsEvent>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: getGraphicsEvent> ### Title: Wait for a mouse or keyboard event from a graphics window> ### Aliases: getGraphicsEvent setGraphicsEventHandlers getGraphicsEventEnv> ### setGraphicsEventEnv> ### Keywords: iplot>> ### ** Examples>> # This currently only works on the Windows, X11(type = "Xlib"), and> # X11(type = "cairo") screen devices...> ## Not run:> ##D savepar <- par(ask = FALSE)> ##D dragplot <- function(..., xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, xaxs = "r", yaxs = "r") {> ##D plot(..., xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, xaxs = xaxs, yaxs = yaxs)> ##D startx <- NULL> ##D starty <- NULL> ##D prevx <- NULL> ##D prevy <- NULL> ##D usr <- NULL> ##D> ##D devset <- function()> ##D if (dev.cur() != eventEnv$which) dev.set(eventEnv$which)> ##D> ##D dragmousedown <- function(buttons, x, y) {> ##D startx <<- x> ##D starty <<- y> ##D prevx <<- 0> ##D prevy <<- 0> ##D devset()> ##D usr <<- par("usr")> ##D eventEnv$onMouseMove <- dragmousemove> ##D NULL> ##D }> ##D> ##D dragmousemove <- function(buttons, x, y) {> ##D devset()> ##D deltax <- diff(grconvertX(c(startx, x), "ndc", "user"))> ##D deltay <- diff(grconvertY(c(starty, y), "ndc", "user"))> ##D if (abs(deltax-prevx) + abs(deltay-prevy) > 0) {> ##D plot(..., xlim = usr[1:2]-deltax, xaxs = "i",> ##D ylim = usr[3:4]-deltay, yaxs = "i")> ##D prevx <<- deltax> ##D prevy <<- deltay> ##D }> ##D NULL> ##D }> ##D> ##D mouseup <- function(buttons, x, y) {> ##D eventEnv$onMouseMove <- NULL> ##D }> ##D> ##D keydown <- function(key) {> ##D if (key == "q") return(invisible(1))> ##D eventEnv$onMouseMove <- NULL> ##D NULL> ##D }> ##D> ##D setGraphicsEventHandlers(prompt = "Click and drag, hit q to quit",> ##D onMouseDown = dragmousedown,> ##D onMouseUp = mouseup,> ##D onKeybd = keydown)> ##D eventEnv <- getGraphicsEventEnv()> ##D }> ##D> ##D dragplot(rnorm(1000), rnorm(1000))> ##D getGraphicsEvent()> ##D par(savepar)> ## End(Not run)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("grSoftVersion")> ### * grSoftVersion>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: grSoftVersion> ### Title: Report Versions of Graphics Software> ### Aliases: grSoftVersion>> ### ** Examples>>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("gray")> ### * gray>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: gray> ### Title: Gray Level Specification> ### Aliases: gray grey> ### Keywords: color>> ### ** Examples>> gray(0:8 / 8)[1] "#000000" "#202020" "#404040" "#606060" "#808080" "#9F9F9F" "#BFBFBF"[8] "#DFDFDF" "#FFFFFF">>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("gray.colors")> ### * gray.colors>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: gray.colors> ### Title: Gray Color Palette> ### Aliases: gray.colors grey.colors> ### Keywords: color>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)>> pie(rep(1, 12), col = gray.colors(12))> barplot(1:12, col = gray.colors(12))>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("hcl")> ### * hcl>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: hcl> ### Title: HCL Color Specification> ### Aliases: hcl> ### Keywords: color dplot>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)>> # The Foley and Van Dam PhD Data.> csd <- matrix(c( 4,2,4,6, 4,3,1,4, 4,7,7,1,+ 0,7,3,2, 4,5,3,2, 5,4,2,2,+ 3,1,3,0, 4,4,6,7, 1,10,8,7,+ 1,5,3,2, 1,5,2,1, 4,1,4,3,+ 0,3,0,6, 2,1,5,5), nrow = 4)>> csphd <- function(colors)+ barplot(csd, col = colors, ylim = c(0,30),+ names.arg = 72:85, xlab = "Year", ylab = "Students",+ legend.text = c("Winter", "Spring", "Summer", "Fall"),+ main = "Computer Science PhD Graduates", las = 1)>> # The Original (Metaphorical) Colors (Ouch!)> csphd(c("blue", "green", "yellow", "orange"))>> # A Color Tetrad (Maximal Color Differences)> csphd(hcl(h = c(30, 120, 210, 300)))>> # Same, but lighter and less colorful> # Turn off automatic correction to make sure> # that we have defined real colors.> csphd(hcl(h = c(30, 120, 210, 300),+ c = 20, l = 90, fixup = FALSE))>> # Analogous Colors> # Good for those with red/green color confusion> csphd(hcl(h = seq(60, 240, by = 60)))>> # Metaphorical Colors> csphd(hcl(h = seq(210, 60, length.out = 4)))>> # Cool Colors> csphd(hcl(h = seq(120, 0, length.out = 4) + 150))>> # Warm Colors> csphd(hcl(h = seq(120, 0, length.out = 4) - 30))>> # Single Color> hist(stats::rnorm(1000), col = hcl(240))>> ## Exploring the hcl() color space {in its mapping to R's sRGB colors}:> demo(hclColors)demo(hclColors)---- ~~~~~~~~~> ### ------ hcl() explorations>> hcl.wheel <-+ function(chroma = 35, lums = 0:100, hues = 1:360, asp = 1,+ p.cex = 0.6, do.label = FALSE, rev.lum = FALSE,+ fixup = TRUE)+ {+ ## Purpose: show chroma "sections" of hcl() color space; see ?hcl+ ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ## Arguments: chroma: can be vector -> multiple plots are done,+ ## lums, hues, fixup : all corresponding to hcl()'s args+ ## rev.lum: logical indicating if luminance+ ## should go from outer to inner+ ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ## Author: Martin Maechler, Date: 24 Jun 2005++ require("graphics")+ stopifnot(is.numeric(lums), lums >= 0, lums <= 100,+ is.numeric(hues), hues >= 0, hues <= 360,+ is.numeric(chroma), chroma >= 0, (nch <- length(chroma)) >= 1)+ if(is.unsorted(hues)) hues <- sort(hues)+ if(nch > 1) {+ op <- par(mfrow= n2mfrow(nch), mar = c(0,0,0,0), xpd = TRUE)+ on.exit(par(op))+ }+ for(i.c in 1:nch) {+ plot(-1:1,-1:1, type="n", axes = FALSE, xlab="",ylab="", asp = asp)+ ## main = sprintf("hcl(h = <angle>, c = %g)", chroma[i.c]),+ text(0.4, 0.99, paste("chroma =", format(chroma[i.c])),+ adj = 0, font = 4)+ l.s <- (if(rev.lum) rev(lums) else lums) / max(lums) # <= 1+ for(ang in hues) { # could do all this using outer() instead of for()...+ a. <- ang * pi/180+ z.a <- exp(1i * a.)+ cols <- hcl(ang, c = chroma[i.c], l = lums, fixup = fixup)+ points(l.s * z.a, pch = 16, col = cols, cex = p.cex)+ ##if(do."text") : draw the 0,45,90,... angle "lines"+ if(do.label)+ text(z.a*1.05, labels = ang, col = cols[length(cols)/2],+ srt = ang)+ }+ if(!fixup) ## show the outline+ lines(exp(1i * hues * pi/180))+ }+ invisible()+ }> ## and now a few interesting calls :>> hcl.wheel() # and watch it redraw when you fiddle with the graphic window> hcl.wheel(rev.lum= TRUE) # ditto> hcl.wheel(do.label = TRUE) # ditto> ## Now watch:> hcl.wheel(chroma = c(25,35,45,55))> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.4)> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, fixup = FALSE)> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, rev.lum = TRUE)> if(dev.interactive()) # new "graphics window" -- to compare with previous :+ dev.new()> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, rev.lum = TRUE, fixup=FALSE)>>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("hsv")> ### * hsv>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: hsv> ### Title: HSV Color Specification> ### Aliases: hsv> ### Keywords: color dplot>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)>> hsv(.5,.5,.5)[1] "#408080">> ## Red tones:> n <- 20; y <- -sin(3*pi*((1:n)-1/2)/n)> op <- par(mar = rep(1.5, 4))> plot(y, axes = FALSE, frame.plot = TRUE,+ xlab = "", ylab = "", pch = 21, cex = 30,+ bg = rainbow(n, start = .85, end = .1),+ main = "Red tones")> par(op)>>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("make.rgb")> ### * make.rgb>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: make.rgb> ### Title: Create colour spaces> ### Aliases: make.rgb colorConverter> ### Keywords: color>> ### ** Examples>> (pal <- make.rgb(red = c(0.6400, 0.3300),+ green = c(0.2900, 0.6000),+ blue = c(0.1500, 0.0600),+ name = "PAL/SECAM RGB"))Color space converter: PAL/SECAM RGBReference white: D65display gamma = 2.2>> ## converter for sRGB in #rrggbb format> hexcolor <- colorConverter(toXYZ = function(hex, ...) {+ rgb <- t(col2rgb(hex))/255+ colorspaces$sRGB$toXYZ(rgb, ...) },+ fromXYZ = function(xyz, ...) {+ rgb <- colorspaces$sRGB$fromXYZ(xyz, ...)+ rgb <- round(rgb, 5)+ if (min(rgb) < 0 || max(rgb) > 1)+ as.character(NA)+ else rgb(rgb[1], rgb[2], rgb[3])},+ white = "D65", name = "#rrggbb")>> (cols <- t(col2rgb(palette())))red green blue[1,] 0 0 0[2,] 223 83 107[3,] 97 208 79[4,] 34 151 230[5,] 40 226 229[6,] 205 11 188[7,] 245 199 16[8,] 158 158 158> zapsmall(luv <- convertColor(cols, from = "sRGB", to = "Luv", scale.in = 255))L u v[1,] 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000[2,] 55.16051 99.94871 8.95299[3,] 74.89688 -51.95694 73.49647[4,] 59.98342 -36.43653 -76.74275[5,] 82.01645 -61.64283 -15.85619[6,] 48.23048 74.70628 -73.95136[7,] 82.05072 40.07525 84.92489[8,] 65.11425 0.00000 0.00000> (hex <- convertColor(luv, from = "Luv", to = hexcolor, scale.out = NULL))[,1][1,] "#000000"[2,] "#DF536B"[3,] "#61D04F"[4,] "#2297E6"[5,] "#28E2E5"[6,] "#CD0BBC"[7,] "#F5C710"[8,] "#9E9E9E">> ## must make hex a matrix before using it> (cc <- round(convertColor(as.matrix(hex), from = hexcolor, to = "sRGB",+ scale.in = NULL, scale.out = 255)))[,1] [,2] [,3][1,] 0 0 0[2,] 223 83 107[3,] 97 208 79[4,] 34 151 230[5,] 40 226 229[6,] 205 11 188[7,] 245 199 16[8,] 158 158 158> stopifnot(cc == cols)>> ## Internally vectorized version of hexcolor, notice the use> ## of `vectorized = TRUE`:>> hexcolorv <- colorConverter(toXYZ = function(hex, ...) {+ rgb <- t(col2rgb(hex))/255+ colorspaces$sRGB$toXYZ(rgb, ...) },+ fromXYZ = function(xyz, ...) {+ rgb <- colorspaces$sRGB$fromXYZ(xyz, ...)+ rgb <- round(rgb, 5)+ oob <- pmin(rgb[,1],rgb[,2],rgb[,3]) < 0 |+ pmax(rgb[,1],rgb[,2],rgb[,3]) > 0+ res <- rep(NA_character_, nrow(rgb))+ res[!oob] <- rgb(rgb[!oob,,drop=FALSE])},+ white = "D65", name = "#rrggbb",+ vectorized=TRUE)> (ccv <- round(convertColor(as.matrix(hex), from = hexcolor, to = "sRGB",+ scale.in = NULL, scale.out = 255)))[,1] [,2] [,3][1,] 0 0 0[2,] 223 83 107[3,] 97 208 79[4,] 34 151 230[5,] 40 226 229[6,] 205 11 188[7,] 245 199 16[8,] 158 158 158> stopifnot(ccv == cols)>>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("n2mfrow")> ### * n2mfrow>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: n2mfrow> ### Title: Compute Default 'mfrow' From Number of Plots> ### Aliases: n2mfrow> ### Keywords: dplot utilities>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)>> n2mfrow(8) # 3 x 3[1] 3 3>> n <- 5 ; x <- seq(-2, 2, length.out = 51)> ## suppose now that 'n' is not known {inside function}> op <- par(mfrow = n2mfrow(n))> for (j in 1:n)+ plot(x, x^j, main = substitute(x^ exp, list(exp = j)), type = "l",+ col = "blue")>> sapply(1:14, n2mfrow)[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14][1,] 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4[2,] 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4> sapply(1:14, n2mfrow, asp=16/9)[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14][1,] 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3[2,] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 5>>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("nclass")> ### * nclass>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: nclass> ### Title: Compute the Number of Classes for a Histogram> ### Aliases: nclass.Sturges nclass.scott nclass.FD> ### Keywords: univar>> ### ** Examples>> set.seed(1)> x <- stats::rnorm(1111)> nclass.Sturges(x)[1] 12>> ## Compare them:> NC <- function(x) c(Sturges = nclass.Sturges(x),+ Scott = nclass.scott(x), FD = nclass.FD(x))> NC(x)Sturges Scott FD12 20 26> onePt <- rep(1, 11)> NC(onePt) # no longer gives NaNSturges Scott FD5 1 1>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("palette")> ### * palette>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: palette> ### Title: Set or View the Graphics Palette> ### Aliases: palette palette.pals palette.colors> ### Keywords: color sysdata>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)>> palette() # obtain the current palette[1] "black" "#DF536B" "#61D04F" "#2297E6" "#28E2E5" "#CD0BBC" "#F5C710"[8] "gray62"> palette("R3");palette() # old default palette[1] "black" "red" "green3" "blue" "cyan" "magenta" "yellow"[8] "gray"> palette("ggplot2") # ggplot2-style palette> palette()[1] "black" "#F8766D" "#00BA38" "#619CFF" "#00BFC4" "#F564E3" "#B79F00"[8] "gray62">> palette(hcl.colors(8, "viridis"))>> (palette(gray(seq(0,.9,length.out = 25)))) # gray scales; print old palette[1] "#4B0055" "#3C3777" "#006290" "#008A98" "#00AC8E" "#25C771" "#A6DA42"[8] "#FDE333"> matplot(outer(1:100, 1:30), type = "l", lty = 1,lwd = 2, col = 1:30,+ main = "Gray Scales Palette",+ sub = "palette(gray(seq(0, .9, len=25)))")> palette("default") # reset back to the default>> ## on a device where alpha transparency is supported,> ## use 'alpha = 0.3' transparency with the default palette :> mycols <- adjustcolor(palette(), alpha.f = 0.3)> opal <- palette(mycols)> x <- rnorm(1000); xy <- cbind(x, 3*x + rnorm(1000))> plot (xy, lwd = 2,+ main = "Alpha-Transparency Palette\n alpha = 0.3")> xy[,1] <- -xy[,1]> points(xy, col = 8, pch = 16, cex = 1.5)> palette("default")>> ## List available built-in palettes> palette.pals()[1] "R3" "R4" "ggplot2" "Okabe-Ito"[5] "Accent" "Dark 2" "Paired" "Pastel 1"[9] "Pastel 2" "Set 1" "Set 2" "Set 3"[13] "Tableau 10" "Classic Tableau" "Polychrome 36" "Alphabet">> ## Demonstrate the colors 1:8 in different palettes using a custom matplot()> sinplot <- function(main=NULL) {+ x <- outer(+ seq(-pi, pi, length.out = 50),+ seq(0, pi, length.out = 8),+ function(x, y) sin(x - y)+ )+ matplot(x, type = "l", lwd = 4, lty = 1, col = 1:8, ylab = "", main=main)+ }> sinplot("default palette")>> palette("R3"); sinplot("R3")> palette("Okabe-Ito"); sinplot("Okabe-Ito")> palette("Tableau") ; sinplot("Tableau")> palette("default") # reset>> ## color swatches for palette.colors()> palette.swatch <- function(palette = palette.pals(), n = 8, nrow = 8,+ border = "black", cex = 1, ...)+ {+ cols <- sapply(palette, palette.colors, n = n, recycle = TRUE)+ ncol <- ncol(cols)+ nswatch <- min(ncol, nrow)+ op <- par(mar = rep(0.1, 4),+ mfrow = c(1, min(5, ceiling(ncol/nrow))),+ cex = cex, ...)+ on.exit(par(op))+ while (length(palette)) {+ subset <- seq_len(min(nrow, ncol(cols)))+ plot.new()+ plot.window(c(0, n), c(0.25, nrow + 0.25))+ y <- rev(subset)+ text(0, y + 0.1, palette[subset], adj = c(0, 0))+ y <- rep(y, each = n)+ rect(rep(0:(n-1), n), y, rep(1:n, n), y - 0.5,+ col = cols[, subset], border = border)+ palette <- palette[-subset]+ cols <- cols [, -subset, drop = FALSE]+ }+ }>> palette.swatch()>> palette.swatch(n = 26) # show full "Alphabet"; recycle most others>>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("palettes")> ### * palettes>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: Palettes> ### Title: Color Palettes> ### Aliases: rainbow heat.colors terrain.colors topo.colors cm.colors> ### hcl.colors hcl.pals> ### Keywords: color dplot>> ### ** Examples>> require("graphics")>> # color wheels in RGB/HSV and HCL space> par(mfrow = c(2, 2))> pie(rep(1, 12), col = rainbow(12), main = "RGB/HSV")> pie(rep(1, 12), col = hcl.colors(12, "Set 2"), main = "HCL")> par(mfrow = c(1, 1))>> ## color swatches for RGB/HSV palettes> demo.pal <-+ function(n, border = if (n < 32) "light gray" else NA,+ main = paste("color palettes; n=", n),+ ch.col = c("rainbow(n, start=.7, end=.1)", "heat.colors(n)",+ "terrain.colors(n)", "topo.colors(n)",+ "cm.colors(n)"))+ {+ nt <- length(ch.col)+ i <- 1:n; j <- n / nt; d <- j/6; dy <- 2*d+ plot(i, i+d, type = "n", yaxt = "n", ylab = "", main = main)+ for (k in 1:nt) {+ rect(i-.5, (k-1)*j+ dy, i+.4, k*j,+ col = eval(str2lang(ch.col[k])), border = border)+ text(2*j, k * j + dy/4, ch.col[k])+ }+ }> demo.pal(16)>> ## color swatches for HCL palettes> hcl.swatch <- function(type = NULL, n = 5, nrow = 11,+ border = if (n < 15) "black" else NA) {+ palette <- hcl.pals(type)+ cols <- sapply(palette, hcl.colors, n = n)+ ncol <- ncol(cols)+ nswatch <- min(ncol, nrow)++ par(mar = rep(0.1, 4),+ mfrow = c(1, min(5, ceiling(ncol/nrow))),+ pin = c(1, 0.5 * nswatch),+ cex = 0.7)++ while (length(palette)) {+ subset <- 1:min(nrow, ncol(cols))+ plot.new()+ plot.window(c(0, n), c(0, nrow + 1))+ text(0, rev(subset) + 0.1, palette[subset], adj = c(0, 0))+ y <- rep(subset, each = n)+ rect(rep(0:(n-1), n), rev(y), rep(1:n, n), rev(y) - 0.5,+ col = cols[, subset], border = border)+ palette <- palette[-subset]+ cols <- cols[, -subset, drop = FALSE]+ }++ par(mfrow = c(1, 1), mar = c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1), cex = 1)+ }> hcl.swatch()> hcl.swatch("qualitative")> hcl.swatch("sequential")> hcl.swatch("diverging")> hcl.swatch("divergingx")>> ## heat maps with sequential HCL palette (purple)> image(volcano, col = hcl.colors(11, "purples", rev = TRUE))> filled.contour(volcano, nlevels = 10,+ color.palette = function(n, ...)+ hcl.colors(n, "purples", rev = TRUE, ...))>> ## list available HCL color palettes> hcl.pals("qualitative")[1] "Pastel 1" "Dark 2" "Dark 3" "Set 2" "Set 3" "Warm" "Cold"[8] "Harmonic" "Dynamic"> hcl.pals("sequential")[1] "Grays" "Light Grays" "Blues 2" "Blues 3"[5] "Purples 2" "Purples 3" "Reds 2" "Reds 3"[9] "Greens 2" "Greens 3" "Oslo" "Purple-Blue"[13] "Red-Purple" "Red-Blue" "Purple-Orange" "Purple-Yellow"[17] "Blue-Yellow" "Green-Yellow" "Red-Yellow" "Heat"[21] "Heat 2" "Terrain" "Terrain 2" "Viridis"[25] "Plasma" "Inferno" "Rocket" "Mako"[29] "Dark Mint" "Mint" "BluGrn" "Teal"[33] "TealGrn" "Emrld" "BluYl" "ag_GrnYl"[37] "Peach" "PinkYl" "Burg" "BurgYl"[41] "RedOr" "OrYel" "Purp" "PurpOr"[45] "Sunset" "Magenta" "SunsetDark" "ag_Sunset"[49] "BrwnYl" "YlOrRd" "YlOrBr" "OrRd"[53] "Oranges" "YlGn" "YlGnBu" "Reds"[57] "RdPu" "PuRd" "Purples" "PuBuGn"[61] "PuBu" "Greens" "BuGn" "GnBu"[65] "BuPu" "Blues" "Lajolla" "Turku"[69] "Hawaii" "Batlow"> hcl.pals("diverging")[1] "Blue-Red" "Blue-Red 2" "Blue-Red 3" "Red-Green"[5] "Purple-Green" "Purple-Brown" "Green-Brown" "Blue-Yellow 2"[9] "Blue-Yellow 3" "Green-Orange" "Cyan-Magenta" "Tropic"[13] "Broc" "Cork" "Vik" "Berlin"[17] "Lisbon" "Tofino"> hcl.pals("divergingx")[1] "ArmyRose" "Earth" "Fall" "Geyser" "TealRose" "Temps"[7] "PuOr" "RdBu" "RdGy" "PiYG" "PRGn" "BrBG"[13] "RdYlBu" "RdYlGn" "Spectral" "Zissou 1" "Cividis" "Roma">>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("pdf")>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: pdf> ### Title: PDF Graphics Device> ### Aliases: pdf> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("pdf.options")> ### * pdf.options>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: pdf.options> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of pdf> ### Aliases: pdf.options> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> pdf.options(bg = "pink")> utils::str(pdf.options())List of 18$ width : num 7$ height : num 7$ onefile : logi TRUE$ family : chr "Helvetica"$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"$ fonts : NULL$ version : chr "1.4"$ paper : chr "special"$ encoding : chr "default"$ bg : chr "pink"$ fg : chr "black"$ pointsize : num 12$ pagecentre : logi TRUE$ colormodel : chr "srgb"$ useDingbats: logi FALSE$ useKerning : logi TRUE$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE$ compress : logi TRUE> pdf.options(reset = TRUE) # back to factory-fresh>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("pictex")> ### * pictex>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: pictex> ### Title: A PicTeX Graphics Driver> ### Aliases: pictex> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)> ## Don't show:> oldwd <- setwd(tempdir())> ## End(Don't show)>> pictex()> plot(1:11, (-5:5)^2, type = "b", main = "Simple Example Plot")> dev.off()2> ##--------------------> ## Not run:> ##D %% LaTeX Example> ##D \documentclass{article}> ##D \usepackage{pictex}> ##D \usepackage{graphics} % for \rotatebox> ##D \begin{document}> ##D %...> ##D \begin{figure}[h]> ##D \centerline{\input{Rplots.tex}}> ##D \caption{}> ##D \end{figure}> ##D %...> ##D \end{document}> ## End(Not run)> ##--------------------> unlink("Rplots.tex")> ## Don't show:> setwd(oldwd)> ## End(Don't show)>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("plotmath")> ### * plotmath>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: plotmath> ### Title: Mathematical Annotation in R> ### Aliases: plotmath symbol plain bold italic bolditalic hat bar dot ring> ### widehat widetilde displaystyle textstyle scriptstyle> ### scriptscriptstyle underline phantom over frac atop integral inf sup> ### group bgroup> ### Keywords: aplot>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)>> x <- seq(-4, 4, length.out = 101)> y <- cbind(sin(x), cos(x))> matplot(x, y, type = "l", xaxt = "n",+ main = expression(paste(plain(sin) * phi, " and ",+ plain(cos) * phi)),+ ylab = expression("sin" * phi, "cos" * phi), # only 1st is taken+ xlab = expression(paste("Phase Angle ", phi)),+ col.main = "blue")> axis(1, at = c(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi),+ labels = expression(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi))>>> ## How to combine "math" and numeric variables :> plot(1:10, type="n", xlab="", ylab="", main = "plot math & numbers")> theta <- 1.23 ; mtext(bquote(hat(theta) == .(theta)), line= .25)> for(i in 2:9)+ text(i, i+1, substitute(list(xi, eta) == group("(",list(x,y),")"),+ list(x = i, y = i+1)))> ## note that both of these use calls rather than expressions.> ##> text(1, 10, "Derivatives:", adj = 0)> text(1, 9.6, expression(+ " first: {f * minute}(x) " == {f * minute}(x)), adj = 0)> text(1, 9.0, expression(+ " second: {f * second}(x) " == {f * second}(x)), adj = 0)>>> ## note the "{ .. }" trick to get "chained" equations:> plot(1:10, 1:10, main = quote(1 <= {1 < 2}))> text(4, 9, expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y))> text(4, 8.4, "expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y)",+ cex = .8)> text(4, 7, expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n)))> text(4, 6.4, "expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n))",+ cex = .8)> text(8, 5, expression(paste(frac(1, sigma*sqrt(2*pi)), " ",+ plain(e)^{frac(-(x-mu)^2, 2*sigma^2)})),+ cex = 1.2)>> ## some other useful symbols> plot.new(); plot.window(c(0,4), c(15,1))> text(1, 1, "universal", adj = 0); text(2.5, 1, "\\042")> text(3, 1, expression(symbol("\042")))> text(1, 2, "existential", adj = 0); text(2.5, 2, "\\044")> text(3, 2, expression(symbol("\044")))> text(1, 3, "suchthat", adj = 0); text(2.5, 3, "\\047")> text(3, 3, expression(symbol("\047")))> text(1, 4, "therefore", adj = 0); text(2.5, 4, "\\134")> text(3, 4, expression(symbol("\134")))> text(1, 5, "perpendicular", adj = 0); text(2.5, 5, "\\136")> text(3, 5, expression(symbol("\136")))> text(1, 6, "circlemultiply", adj = 0); text(2.5, 6, "\\304")> text(3, 6, expression(symbol("\304")))> text(1, 7, "circleplus", adj = 0); text(2.5, 7, "\\305")> text(3, 7, expression(symbol("\305")))> text(1, 8, "emptyset", adj = 0); text(2.5, 8, "\\306")> text(3, 8, expression(symbol("\306")))> text(1, 9, "angle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 9, "\\320")> text(3, 9, expression(symbol("\320")))> text(1, 10, "leftangle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 10, "\\341")> text(3, 10, expression(symbol("\341")))> text(1, 11, "rightangle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 11, "\\361")> text(3, 11, expression(symbol("\361")))>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("postscriptFonts")> ### * postscriptFonts>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: postscriptFonts> ### Title: PostScript and PDF Font Families> ### Aliases: postscriptFonts pdfFonts> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> postscriptFonts()$serif$family[1] "Times"$metrics[1] "Times-Roman.afm" "Times-Bold.afm" "Times-Italic.afm"[4] "Times-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$sans$family[1] "Helvetica"$metrics[1] "Helvetica.afm" "Helvetica-Bold.afm"[3] "Helvetica-Oblique.afm" "Helvetica-BoldOblique.afm"[5] "Symbol.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$mono$family[1] "Courier"$metrics[1] "Courier.afm" "Courier-Bold.afm"[3] "Courier-Oblique.afm" "Courier-BoldOblique.afm"[5] "Symbol.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$AvantGarde$family[1] "AvantGarde"$metrics[1] "agw_____.afm" "agd_____.afm" 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"default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$Palatino$family[1] "Palatino"$metrics[1] "por_____.afm" "pob_____.afm" "poi_____.afm" "pobi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$Times$family[1] "Times"$metrics[1] "Times-Roman.afm" "Times-Bold.afm" "Times-Italic.afm"[4] "Times-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$URWGothic$family[1] "URWGothic"$metrics[1] "a010013l.afm" "a010015l.afm" "a010033l.afm" "a010035l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$URWBookman$family[1] "URWBookman"$metrics[1] "b018012l.afm" "b018015l.afm" "b018032l.afm" "b018035l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$NimbusMon$family[1] "NimbusMon"$metrics[1] "n022003l.afm" "n022004l.afm" "n022023l.afm" "n022024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$NimbusSan$family[1] "NimbusSan"$metrics[1] "n019003l.afm" "n019004l.afm" "n019023l.afm" "n019024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$URWHelvetica$family[1] "URWHelvetica"$metrics[1] "n019003l.afm" "n019004l.afm" "n019023l.afm" "n019024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$NimbusSanCond$family[1] "NimbusSanCond"$metrics[1] "n019043l.afm" "n019044l.afm" "n019063l.afm" "n019064l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$CenturySch$family[1] "CenturySch"$metrics[1] "c059013l.afm" "c059016l.afm" "c059033l.afm" "c059036l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$URWPalladio$family[1] "URWPalladio"$metrics[1] "p052003l.afm" "p052004l.afm" "p052023l.afm" "p052024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$NimbusRom$family[1] "NimbusRom"$metrics[1] "n021003l.afm" "n021004l.afm" "n021023l.afm" "n021024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$URWTimes$family[1] "URWTimes"$metrics[1] "n021003l.afm" "n021004l.afm" "n021023l.afm" "n021024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$ArialMT$family[1] "ArialMT"$metrics[1] "ArialMT.afm" "ArialMT-Bold.afm" "ArialMT-Italic.afm"[4] "ArialMT-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"$encoding[1] "default"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$ComputerModern$family[1] "ComputerModern"$metrics[1] "CM_regular_10.afm" "CM_boldx_10.afm" "CM_italic_10.afm"[4] "CM_boldx_italic_10.afm" "CM_symbol_10.afm"$encoding[1] "TeXtext.enc"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$ComputerModernItalic$family[1] "ComputerModernItalic"$metrics[1] "CM_regular_10.afm" "CM_boldx_10.afm" "cmti10.afm"[4] "cmbxti10.afm" "CM_symbol_10.afm"$encoding[1] "TeXtext.enc"attr(,"class")[1] "Type1Font"$Japan1$family[1] "HeiseiKakuGo-W5"$metrics[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"$cmap[1] "EUC-H"$cmapEncoding[1] "EUC-JP"$pdfresource[1] ""attr(,"class")[1] "CIDFont"$Japan1HeiMin$family[1] "HeiseiMin-W3"$metrics[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"$cmap[1] "EUC-H"$cmapEncoding[1] "EUC-JP"$pdfresource[1] ""attr(,"class")[1] "CIDFont"$Japan1GothicBBB$family[1] "GothicBBB-Medium"$metrics[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"$cmap[1] "EUC-H"$cmapEncoding[1] "EUC-JP"$pdfresource[1] ""attr(,"class")[1] "CIDFont"$Japan1Ryumin$family[1] "Ryumin-Light"$metrics[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"$cmap[1] "EUC-H"$cmapEncoding[1] "EUC-JP"$pdfresource[1] ""attr(,"class")[1] "CIDFont"$Korea1$family[1] "Baekmuk-Batang"$metrics[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"$cmap[1] "KSCms-UHC-H"$cmapEncoding[1] "CP949"$pdfresource[1] ""attr(,"class")[1] "CIDFont"$Korea1deb$family[1] "Batang-Regular"$metrics[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"$cmap[1] "KSCms-UHC-H"$cmapEncoding[1] "CP949"$pdfresource[1] ""attr(,"class")[1] "CIDFont"$CNS1$family[1] "MOESung-Regular"$metrics[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"$cmap[1] "B5pc-H"$cmapEncoding[1] "CP950"$pdfresource[1] ""attr(,"class")[1] "CIDFont"$GB1$family[1] "BousungEG-Light-GB"$metrics[1] "" "" "" "" "Symbol.afm"$cmap[1] "GBK-EUC-H"$cmapEncoding[1] "GBK"$pdfresource[1] ""attr(,"class")[1] "CIDFont"> ## This duplicates "ComputerModernItalic".> CMitalic <- Type1Font("ComputerModern2",+ c("CM_regular_10.afm", "CM_boldx_10.afm",+ "cmti10.afm", "cmbxti10.afm",+ "CM_symbol_10.afm"),+ encoding = "TeXtext.enc")> postscriptFonts(CMitalic = CMitalic)>> ## A CID font for Japanese using a different CMap and> ## corresponding cmapEncoding.> `Jp_UCS-2` <- CIDFont("TestUCS2",+ c("Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",+ "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm"),+ "UniJIS-UCS2-H", "UCS-2")> pdfFonts(`Jp_UCS-2` = `Jp_UCS-2`)> names(pdfFonts())[1] "serif" "sans" "mono"[4] "AvantGarde" "Bookman" "Courier"[7] "Helvetica" "Helvetica-Narrow" "NewCenturySchoolbook"[10] "Palatino" "Times" "URWGothic"[13] "URWBookman" "NimbusMon" "NimbusSan"[16] "URWHelvetica" "NimbusSanCond" "CenturySch"[19] "URWPalladio" "NimbusRom" "URWTimes"[22] "ArialMT" "Japan1" "Japan1HeiMin"[25] "Japan1GothicBBB" "Japan1Ryumin" "Korea1"[28] "Korea1deb" "CNS1" "GB1"[31] "Jp_UCS-2">>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("pretty.Date")> ### * pretty.Date>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: pretty.Date> ### Title: Pretty Breakpoints for Date-Time Classes> ### Aliases: pretty.Date pretty.POSIXt> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> ## time-dependent ==> ignore diffs:> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_BEGIN> pretty(Sys.Date())[1] "2023-01-21" "2023-01-22" "2023-01-23" "2023-01-24" "2023-01-25"[6] "2023-01-26"> pretty(Sys.time(), n = 10)[1] "2023-01-23 09:00:53 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:00:54 NZDT"[3] "2023-01-23 09:00:55 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:00:56 NZDT"[5] "2023-01-23 09:00:57 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:00:58 NZDT"[7] "2023-01-23 09:00:59 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:01:00 NZDT"[9] "2023-01-23 09:01:01 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:01:02 NZDT"[11] "2023-01-23 09:01:03 NZDT"> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_END>> pretty(as.Date("2000-03-01")) # R 1.0.0 came in a leap year[1] "2000-02-28" "2000-02-29" "2000-03-01" "2000-03-02" "2000-03-03"[6] "2000-03-04">> ## time ranges in diverse scales:% also in ../../../../tests/reg-tests-1c.R> require(stats)> steps <- setNames(,+ c("10 secs", "1 min", "5 mins", "30 mins", "6 hours", "12 hours",+ "1 DSTday", "2 weeks", "1 month", "6 months", "1 year",+ "10 years", "50 years", "1000 years"))> x <- as.POSIXct("2002-02-02 02:02")> lapply(steps,+ function(s) {+ at <- pretty(seq(x, by = s, length.out = 2), n = 5)+ attr(at, "labels")+ })$`10 secs`[1] "00" "02" "04" "06" "08" "10"$`1 min`[1] "00" "10" "20" "30" "40" "50" "00"$`5 mins`[1] "02:02" "02:03" "02:04" "02:05" "02:06" "02:07"$`30 mins`[1] "02:00" "02:10" "02:20" "02:30" "02:40"$`6 hours`[1] "02:00" "03:00" "04:00" "05:00" "06:00" "07:00" "08:00" "09:00"$`12 hours`[1] "00:00" "03:00" "06:00" "09:00" "12:00" "15:00"$`1 DSTday`[1] "Feb 02 00:00" "Feb 02 06:00" "Feb 02 12:00" "Feb 02 18:00" "Feb 03 00:00"[6] "Feb 03 06:00"$`2 weeks`[1] "Jan 28" "Feb 04" "Feb 11" "Feb 18"$`1 month`[1] "Jan 28" "Feb 04" "Feb 11" "Feb 18" "Feb 25" "Mar 04"$`6 months`[1] "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep"$`1 year`[1] "Jan" "Apr" "Jul" "Oct" "Jan" "Apr"$`10 years`[1] "2002" "2004" "2006" "2008" "2010" "2012" "2014"$`50 years`[1] "2000" "2010" "2020" "2030" "2040" "2050" "2060"$`1000 years`[1] "2000" "2200" "2400" "2600" "2800" "3000" "3200">>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("ps.options")> ### * ps.options>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: ps.options> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of> ### postscript> ### Aliases: ps.options setEPS setPS> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> ps.options(bg = "pink")> utils::str(ps.options())List of 18$ onefile : logi TRUE$ family : chr "Helvetica"$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"$ fonts : NULL$ encoding : chr "default"$ bg : chr "pink"$ fg : chr "black"$ width : num 0$ height : num 0$ horizontal : logi TRUE$ pointsize : num 12$ paper : chr "default"$ pagecentre : logi TRUE$ print.it : logi FALSE$ command : chr "default"$ colormodel : chr "srgb"$ useKerning : logi TRUE$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE>> ### ---- error checking of arguments: ----> ps.options(width = 0:12, onefile = 0, bg = pi)Warning: ‘mode(onefile)’ and ‘mode(bg)’ differ between new and previous==> NOT changing ‘onefile’ & ‘bg’Warning: ‘length(width)’ differs between new and previous==> NOT changing ‘width’> # override the check for 'width', but not 'bg':> ps.options(width = 0:12, bg = pi, override.check = c(TRUE,FALSE))Warning: ‘mode(bg)’ differs between new and previous==> NOT changing ‘bg’Warning: ‘length(width)’ differs between new and previous> utils::str(ps.options())List of 18$ onefile : logi TRUE$ family : chr "Helvetica"$ title : chr "R Graphics Output"$ fonts : NULL$ encoding : chr "default"$ bg : chr "pink"$ fg : chr "black"$ width : int [1:13] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...$ height : num 0$ horizontal : logi TRUE$ pointsize : num 12$ paper : chr "default"$ pagecentre : logi TRUE$ print.it : logi FALSE$ command : chr "default"$ colormodel : chr "srgb"$ useKerning : logi TRUE$ fillOddEven: logi FALSE> ps.options(reset = TRUE) # back to factory-fresh>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("quartz")> ### * quartz>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: quartz> ### Title: macOS Quartz Device> ### Aliases: quartz quartz.options quartz.save> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples> ## Not run:> ##D ## Only on a Mac,> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),> ##D function(...) grDevices::quartz.options(width = 8, height = 6,> ##D pointsize = 10))> ## End(Not run)>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("quartzFonts")> ### * quartzFonts>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: quartzFonts> ### Title: Quartz Fonts Setup> ### Aliases: quartzFont quartzFonts> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> if(.Platform$OS.type == "unix") { # includes Mac++ utils::str( quartzFonts() ) # a list(serif = .., sans = .., mono = ..)+ quartzFonts("mono") # the list(mono = ..) sublist of quartzFonts()+ ## Not run:+ ##D ## for East Asian locales you can use something like+ ##D quartzFonts(sans = quartzFont(rep("AppleGothic", 4)),+ ##D serif = quartzFont(rep("AppleMyungjp", 4)))+ ##D ## since the default fonts may well not have the glyphs needed+ ## End(Not run)+ }List of 3$ serif: chr [1:4] "Times-Roman" "Times-Bold" "Times-Italic" "Times-BoldItalic"$ sans : chr [1:4] "Helvetica" "Helvetica-Bold" "Helvetica-Oblique" "Helvetica-BoldOblique"$ mono : chr [1:4] "Courier" "Courier-Bold" "Courier-Oblique" "Courier-BoldOblique"$mono[1] "Courier" "Courier-Bold" "Courier-Oblique"[4] "Courier-BoldOblique">>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("recordGraphics")> ### * recordGraphics>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: recordGraphics> ### Title: Record Graphics Operations> ### Aliases: recordGraphics> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> require(graphics)>> plot(1:10)> # This rectangle remains 1inch wide when the device is resized> recordGraphics(+ {+ rect(4, 2,+ 4 + diff(par("usr")[1:2])/par("pin")[1], 3)+ },+ list(),+ getNamespace("graphics"))>>>> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))> cleanEx()> nameEx("rgb")> ### * rgb>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: rgb> ### Title: RGB Color Specification> ### Aliases: rgb> ### Keywords: color>> ### ** Examples>> rgb(0, 1, 0)[1] "#00FF00">> rgb((0:15)/15, green = 0, blue = 0, names = paste("red", 0:15, sep = "."))red.0 red.1 red.2 red.3 red.4 red.5 red.6 red.7"#000000" "#110000" "#220000" "#330000" "#440000" "#550000" "#660000" "#770000"red.8 red.9 red.10 red.11 red.12 red.13 red.14 red.15"#880000" "#990000" "#AA0000" "#BB0000" "#CC0000" "#DD0000" "#EE0000" "#FF0000">> rgb(0, 0:12, 0, maxColorValue = 255) # integer input[1] "#000000" "#000100" "#000200" "#000300" "#000400" "#000500" "#000600"[8] "#000700" "#000800" "#000900" "#000A00" "#000B00" "#000C00">> ramp <- colorRamp(c("red", "white"))> rgb( ramp(seq(0, 1, length.out = 5)), maxColorValue = 255)[1] "#FF0000" "#FF3F3F" "#FF7F7F" "#FFBFBF" "#FFFFFF">>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("rgb2hsv")> ### * rgb2hsv>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: rgb2hsv> ### Title: RGB to HSV Conversion> ### Aliases: rgb2hsv> ### Keywords: color dplot>> ### ** Examples>> ## These (saturated, bright ones) only differ by hue> (rc <- col2rgb(c("red", "yellow","green","cyan", "blue", "magenta")))[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]red 255 255 0 0 0 255green 0 255 255 255 0 0blue 0 0 0 255 255 255> (hc <- rgb2hsv(rc))[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]h 0 0.1666667 0.3333333 0.5 0.6666667 0.8333333s 1 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0 1.0000000 1.0000000v 1 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0 1.0000000 1.0000000> 6 * hc["h",] # the hues are equispaced[1] 0 1 2 3 4 5>> ## Don't show:> set.seed(151)> ## End(Don't show)> (rgb3 <- floor(256 * matrix(stats::runif(3*12), 3, 12)))[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12][1,] 122 137 116 244 20 153 191 250 134 117 27 202[2,] 221 113 210 200 218 151 64 182 195 103 218 254[3,] 199 157 88 76 39 91 80 146 22 105 17 239> (hsv3 <- rgb2hsv(rgb3))[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]h 0.4629630 0.7575758 0.2950820 0.1230159 0.3493266 0.1612903 0.9790026s 0.4479638 0.2802548 0.5809524 0.6885246 0.9082569 0.4052288 0.6649215v 0.8666667 0.6156863 0.8235294 0.9568627 0.8549020 0.6000000 0.7490196[,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]h 0.05769231 0.2254335 0.9761905 0.3250415 0.4519231s 0.41600000 0.8871795 0.1196581 0.9220183 0.2047244v 0.98039216 0.7647059 0.4588235 0.8549020 0.9960784> ## Consistency :> stopifnot(rgb3 == col2rgb(hsv(h = hsv3[1,], s = hsv3[2,], v = hsv3[3,])),+ all.equal(hsv3, rgb2hsv(rgb3/255, maxColorValue = 1)))>> ## A (simplified) pure R version -- originally by Wolfram Fischer --> ## showing the exact algorithm:> rgb2hsvR <- function(rgb, gamma = 1, maxColorValue = 255)+ {+ if(!is.numeric(rgb)) stop("rgb matrix must be numeric")+ d <- dim(rgb)+ if(d[1] != 3) stop("rgb matrix must have 3 rows")+ n <- d[2]+ if(n == 0) return(cbind(c(h = 1, s = 1, v = 1))[,0])+ rgb <- rgb/maxColorValue+ if(gamma != 1) rgb <- rgb ^ (1/gamma)++ ## get the max and min+ v <- apply( rgb, 2, max)+ s <- apply( rgb, 2, min)+ D <- v - s # range++ ## set hue to zero for undefined values (gray has no hue)+ h <- numeric(n)+ notgray <- ( s != v )++ ## blue hue+ idx <- (v == rgb[3,] & notgray )+ if (any (idx))+ h[idx] <- 2/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[1,idx] - rgb[2,idx]) / D[idx]+ ## green hue+ idx <- (v == rgb[2,] & notgray )+ if (any (idx))+ h[idx] <- 1/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[3,idx] - rgb[1,idx]) / D[idx]+ ## red hue+ idx <- (v == rgb[1,] & notgray )+ if (any (idx))+ h[idx] <- 1/6 * (rgb[2,idx] - rgb[3,idx]) / D[idx]++ ## correct for negative red+ idx <- (h < 0)+ h[idx] <- 1+h[idx]++ ## set the saturation+ s[! notgray] <- 0;+ s[notgray] <- 1 - s[notgray] / v[notgray]++ rbind( h = h, s = s, v = v )+ }>> ## confirm the equivalence:> all.equal(rgb2hsv (rgb3),+ rgb2hsvR(rgb3), tolerance = 1e-14) # TRUE[1] TRUE>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("trans3d")> ### * trans3d>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: trans3d> ### Title: 3D to 2D Transformation for Perspective Plots> ### Aliases: trans3d> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> ## See help(persp) {after attaching the 'graphics' package}> ## ----------->>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("windows")> ### * windows>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: windows> ### Title: Windows Graphics Devices> ### Aliases: windows win.graph win.metafile win.print print.SavedPlots> ### [.SavedPlots> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples> ## Not run:> ##D ## A series of plots written to a sequence of metafiles> ##D if(.Platform$OS.type == "windows")> ##D win.metafile("Rplot%02d.wmf", pointsize = 10)> ## End(Not run)>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("windows.options")> ### * windows.options>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: windows.options> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of> ### windows()> ### Aliases: windows.options> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples> ## Not run:> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),> ##D function(...)> ##D grDevices::windows.options(width = 8, height = 6,> ##D xpos = 0, pointsize = 10,> ##D bitmap.aa.win = "cleartype"))> ## End(Not run)>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("windowsFonts")> ### * windowsFonts>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: windowsFonts> ### Title: Windows Fonts> ### Aliases: windowsFont windowsFonts> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> if(.Platform$OS.type == "windows") withAutoprint({+ windowsFonts()+ windowsFonts("mono")+ })> ## Not run:> ##D ## set up for Japanese: needs the fonts installed> ##D windows() # make sure we have the right device type (available on Windows only)> ##D Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL", "ja")> ##D windowsFonts(JP1 = windowsFont("MS Mincho"),> ##D JP2 = windowsFont("MS Gothic"),> ##D JP3 = windowsFont("Arial Unicode MS"))> ##D plot(1:10)> ##D text(5, 2, "\u{4E10}\u{4E00}\u{4E01}", family = "JP1")> ##D text(7, 2, "\u{4E10}\u{4E00}\u{4E01}", family = "JP1", font = 2)> ##D text(5, 1.5, "\u{4E10}\u{4E00}\u{4E01}", family = "JP2")> ##D text(9, 2, "\u{5100}", family = "JP3")> ## End(Not run)>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("x11")> ### * x11>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: x11> ### Title: X Window System Graphics (X11)> ### Aliases: x11 X11 X11.options> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples> ## Not run:> ##D if(.Platform$OS.type == "unix") { # Only on unix-alikes, possibly Mac,> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),> ##D function(...) grDevices::X11.options(width = 8, height = 6, xpos = 0,> ##D pointsize = 10))> ##D }> ## End(Not run)>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("x11Fonts")> ### * x11Fonts>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: X11Fonts> ### Title: X11 Fonts> ### Aliases: X11Font X11Fonts> ### Keywords: device>> ### ** Examples>> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_BEGIN> if(capabilities()[["X11"]]) withAutoprint({+ X11Fonts()+ X11Fonts("mono")+ utopia <- X11Font("-*-utopia-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*")+ X11Fonts(utopia = utopia)+ })> X11Fonts()$serif[1] "-*-times-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"$sans[1] "-*-helvetica-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"$mono[1] "-*-courier-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"$Times[1] "-adobe-times-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"$Helvetica[1] "-adobe-helvetica-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"$CyrTimes[1] "-cronyx-times-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"$CyrHelvetica[1] "-cronyx-helvetica-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"$Arial[1] "-monotype-arial-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"$Mincho[1] "-*-mincho-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"> X11Fonts("mono")$mono[1] "-*-courier-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"> utopia <- X11Font("-*-utopia-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*")> X11Fonts(utopia = utopia)> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_END>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("xy.coords")> ### * xy.coords>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: xy.coords> ### Title: Extracting Plotting Structures> ### Aliases: xy.coords> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> ff <- stats::fft(1:9)> xy.coords(ff)$x[1] 45.0 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5$y[1] 0.0000000 12.3636484 5.3628912 2.5980762 0.7934714 -0.7934714[7] -2.5980762 -5.3628912 -12.3636484$xlab[1] "Re()"$ylab[1] "Im()"> xy.coords(ff, xlab = "fft") # labels "Re(fft)", "Im(fft)"$x[1] 45.0 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5$y[1] 0.0000000 12.3636484 5.3628912 2.5980762 0.7934714 -0.7934714[7] -2.5980762 -5.3628912 -12.3636484$xlab[1] "Re(fft)"$ylab[1] "Im(fft)"> ## Don't show:> stopifnot(identical(xy.coords(ff, xlab = "fft"),+ xy.coords(ff, ylab = "fft")))> xy.labs <- function(...) xy.coords(...)[c("xlab","ylab")]> stopifnot(identical(xy.labs(ff, xlab = "fft", setLab = FALSE),+ list(xlab = "fft", ylab = "fft")),+ identical(xy.labs(ff, ylab = "fft", setLab = FALSE),+ list(xlab = NULL, ylab = "fft")),+ identical(xy.labs(ff, xlab = "Re(fft)", ylab = "Im(fft)", setLab = FALSE),+ list(xlab = "Re(fft)", ylab = "Im(fft)")))> ## End(Don't show)> with(cars, xy.coords(dist ~ speed, NULL)$xlab ) # = "speed"[1] "speed">> xy.coords(1:3, 1:2, recycle = TRUE) # otherwise error "lengths differ"$x[1] 1 2 3$y[1] 1 2 1$xlabNULL$ylabNULL> xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y")Warning in xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y") :3 y values <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot$x[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13$y[1] NA NA NA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10$xlab[1] "Index"$ylabNULL> ##> xlab: "Index" \\ warning: 3 y values <= 0 omitted ..> op <- options(warn = 2)# ==> warnings would be errors, we suppress the one "we know":> suppressWarnings(xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y"), classes="log_le_0") -> xy> options(op) # revert> stopifnot(is.list(xy), identical (1:13 +0, xy$x),+ identical(c(rep(NA, 3), 1:10 +0), xy$y))>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("xyTable")> ### * xyTable>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: xyTable> ### Title: Multiplicities of (x,y) Points, e.g., for a Sunflower Plot> ### Aliases: xyTable> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> xyTable(iris[, 3:4], digits = 6)$x[1] 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7[19] 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1[37] 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7[55] 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2[73] 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9[91] 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.9$y[1] 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.3[19] 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3[37] 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6[55] 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3[73] 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1[91] 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3$number[1] 1 1 2 4 2 1 2 8 3 2 7 1 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1[38] 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1[75] 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1>> ## Discretized uncorrelated Gaussian:> ## Don't show:> set.seed(1)> ## End(Don't show)> require(stats)> xy <- data.frame(x = round(sort(rnorm(100))), y = rnorm(100))> xyTable(xy, digits = 1)$x[1] -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0[26] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1[51] 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2$y[1] -0.90 -0.60 0.04 0.20 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.40[13] 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.00 2.00 -2.00 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50[25] -0.30 -0.20 -0.07 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.02 0.06 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70[37] 0.90 1.00 2.00 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 -0.08[49] -0.03 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.50 0.80 1.00 2.00 -1.00 -0.40 0.40 1.00$number[1] 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3[39] 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 3 1 1 1>>>> cleanEx()> nameEx("xyz.coords")> ### * xyz.coords>> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())>> ### Name: xyz.coords> ### Title: Extracting Plotting Structures> ### Aliases: xyz.coords> ### Keywords: dplot>> ### ** Examples>> xyz.coords(data.frame(10*1:9, -4), y = NULL, z = NULL)$x[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9$y[1] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90$z[1] -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4$xlab[1] "Index"$ylabNULL$zlabNULL>> xyz.coords(1:5, stats::fft(1:5), z = NULL, xlab = "X", ylab = "Y")$x[1] 15.0 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5$y[1] 0.0000000 3.4409548 0.8122992 -0.8122992 -3.4409548$z[1] 1 2 3 4 5$xlab[1] "Re(Y)"$ylab[1] "Im(Y)"$zlab[1] "X">> y <- 2 * (x2 <- 10 + (x1 <- 1:10))> xyz.coords(y ~ x1 + x2, y = NULL, z = NULL)$x[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10$y[1] 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20$z[1] 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40$xlab[1] "x1"$ylab[1] "x2"$zlab[1] "y">> xyz.coords(data.frame(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13), y = NULL, z = NULL,+ log = "xy")Warning in xyz.coords(data.frame(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13), y = NULL, :2 x values <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot$x[1] NA NA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9$y[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12$z[1] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13$xlab[1] "x"$ylab[1] "y"$zlab[1] "z"> ##> Warning message: 2 x values <= 0 omitted ...> ## Suppress this specific warning:> suppressWarnings(xyz.coords(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13, log = "xy"),+ classes = "log_le_0")$x[1] NA NA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9$y[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12$z[1] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13$xlabNULL$ylabNULL$zlabNULL>>>> ### * <FOOTER>> ###> cleanEx()> options(digits = 7L)> base::cat("Time elapsed: ", proc.time() - base::get("ptime", pos = 'CheckExEnv'),"\n")Time elapsed: 29.035 0.328 29.373 0 0> grDevices::dev.off()null device1> ###> ### Local variables: ***> ### mode: outline-minor ***> ### outline-regexp: "\\(> \\)?### [*]+" ***> ### End: ***> quit('no')