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2) Everything else, where the primary Makefile is MkRules which is
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2) Everything else, where the primary Makefile is MkRules which is
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where all the customization is done.  This is included by all
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where all the customization is done.  This is included by all
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Makefile.win files in directories above this one and
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Makefile.win files in directories above this one and
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./Makefile
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./Makefile
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./cran/Makefile
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./fixed/Makefile
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./fixed/Makefile
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./front-ends/Makefile
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./front-ends/Makefile
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./getline/Makefile
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./getline/Makefile
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./installer/Makefile
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./installer/Makefile
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front-ends/Makefile:
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front-ends/Makefile:
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- A resource compiler is used to compile in version information, an
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- A resource compiler is used to compile in version information, an
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  icon and a manifest.  Also done for version information in all the
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  icon and a manifest.  Also done for version information in all the
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  other DLLs under bin and modules (R.dll Rblas.dll Rgraphapp.dll
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  other DLLs under bin and modules (R.dll Rblas.dll Rgraphapp.dll
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  Riconv.dll Rlapack.dll internet.dll lapack.dll).
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  Riconv.dll Rlapack.dll lapack.dll).
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- LINKFLAGS includes flags for the stack size and to allow addressing
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- LINKFLAGS includes flags for the stack size.
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  over 2GB for 32-bit executables.
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A resource compiler is used to add version information to the DLLs
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A resource compiler is used to add version information to the DLLs
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under directories bin and modules.
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under directories bin and modules.
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The default is to compile without debug info: this can be enabled by
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The default is to compile without debug info: this can be enabled by
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Cross-compilation
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Cross-compilation
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=================
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=================
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Linux distributions including Fedora, Debian and Ubuntu provide
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Versions of R prior to 4.2.0 could be cross-compiled using the tools
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cross-compilers and many cross-compiled libraries for both 32- and
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provided by Linux distributions including Fedora, Debian and Ubuntu.
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64-bit Windows.  For example, on Fedora 32 for a 64-bit build one
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However, these do not (at the time of writing) support UCRT-based builds.
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might install the RPMs
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mingw64-binutils
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mingw64-bzip2
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mingw64-cairo
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mingw64-cpp
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mingw64-crt
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mingw64-filesystem
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https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/howto-R-devel.html
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mingw64-gcc
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mingw64-gcc-c++ (not needed for R, but needed for cairo, icu and libtiff)
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describes how to obtain a suitable cross-compilation toolchain for
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mingw64-gcc-gfortran
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x86_64 Linux (based on glibc).  Look at the section entitled something
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mingw64-headers
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mingw64-libgomp
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like
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mingw64-libpng
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mingw64-libjpeg-turbo
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'Setting up MXE build from pre-built tarballs',
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mingw64-libtiff
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mingw64-pcre2
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mingw64-pkg-config
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and follow the instructions, which install the toolchain under a place
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mingw64-readline
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it (and we) call MXE_ROOT.  (To build R only the
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mingw64-tcl
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mingw64-termcap
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mingw64-tk
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mingw64-winpthreads
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'rtools43-toolchain-libs-base' version is required.)
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mingw64-xz-libs
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mingw64-zlib
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or install the mingw32- variants for a 32-bit build.  At the time of
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You will also need to fetch the pre-built Tcl/Tk as described in the
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section 'Building R from source using a toolchain tarball'.  The default
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writing this used GCC 9.2.1.
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location for the latter is R_HOME/Tcl.
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To build all the compiled code, set BINPREF in MkRules.local, e.g. to
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To build all the compiled code, edit MkRules.local to something like
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WIN = 64
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MXE_ROOT = wherever you put it, or /usr/lib/mxe (which was set as a symlink)
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BINPREF64 = /usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-
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BINPREF64 = $(MXE_ROOT)/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32.static.posix-
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or
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EXT_LIBS = $(MXE_ROOT)/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32.static.posix
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WIN = 32
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#CURL_CA_BUNDLE = /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
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BINPREF = /usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-
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TEXI2ANY=/usr/bin/texi2any
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Setting LTO is supported.
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Setting LTO is supported.
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Then in this directory
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Then in this directory
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make MkRules rbuild rpackages-cross
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make MkRules rbuild rpackages-cross cairodevices
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To make the cairo devices, set something like
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USE_CAIRO = TRUE
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CAIRO_CPPFLAGS = -I/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/include/cairo
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CAIRO_LIBS = "-lcairo -lpixman-1 -lpng -lz -lgdi32 -lmsimg32"
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in MkRules.local and run
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make cairodevices
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This will link to the DLLs of external software and for libgomp and
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pthreads (for OpenMP).
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For a more static build, install
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mingw64-bzip2-static
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mingw64-libpng-static
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mingw64-libjpeg-turbo-static
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mingw64-libtiff-static
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mingw64-pcre2-static
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mingw64-winpthreads-static
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mingw64-xz-libs-static
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mingw64-zlib-static
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and remove the corresponding libfoo.dll.a files from
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/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/lib, and libgomp.dll.a.  (The
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build still uses DLLs for libgcc_s_seh and Tcl/Tk).  For a static
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build of the Cairo devices one would need other RPMs like
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mingw64-cairo-static
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mingw64-fontconfig-static
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mingw64-freetype-static
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mingw64-pixman-static
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Rather than remove the .dll.a files, one could experiment with -Wl,-Bstatic.
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There are curl and ICU libraries for optional features.  Settings for
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Fedora's libs (DLL versions):
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USE_LIBCURL = YES
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CURL_LIBS = -lcurl
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USE_ICU = YES
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ICU_LIBS = -licuuc -licui18n -licudata
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There is a static version for curl but not ICU.
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Cross-building packages
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Cross-building packages
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=======================
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=======================
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There is experimental minimal support for cross-building packages.
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There is experimental minimal support for cross-building packages.
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Copy {bin,etc}/{i386,x64} from this build to a standard Linux build.
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Copy {bin,etc}/x64 from this build to a standard Linux build of R.
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Edit the copy of etc/*/Makeconf to have
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Edit the copy of etc/x64/Makeconf to have
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R_WIN = /path/to/top/directory/of/this/build
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R_WIN = /path/to/top/directory/of/this/build
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R_XTRA_CPPFLAGS = -I"$(R_WIN)/include" -DNDEBUG
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R_XTRA_CPPFLAGS = -I"$(R_WIN)/include" -DNDEBUG
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Set the environment variable R_CROSS_BUILD to i386 or x64.
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Set the environment variable R_CROSS_BUILD to x64.
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Use R CMD INSTALL as usual. (This does not do a staged install nor
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Use R CMD INSTALL as usual. (This does not do a staged install nor
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test loading.)  --use-LTO is supported if LTO_OPT was set.
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test loading.)  --use-LTO is supported if LTO_OPT was set.  Use a
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separate library tree (-l) as these are Windows and not Linux
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binaries.
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R CMD INSTALL --build will produce a zipped installation.
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R CMD INSTALL --build will produce a zipped installation.
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Should a package require external libraries, these can be placed under
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Should a package require external libraries, these can be placed under
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LOCAL_SOFT as defined in etc/*/Makeconf in the copy.
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LOCAL_SOFT as defined in etc/x64/Makeconf in the copy.
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