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R : Copyright 2003, The R Development Core Team
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R version 2.5.0 Under development (unstable) (2006-09-11 r39251)
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Version 1.8.0 Under development (unstable) (2003-07-02)
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Copyright (C) 2006 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
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ISBN 3-900051-07-0
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R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
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R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
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You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
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You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
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Type `license()' or `licence()' for distribution details.
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Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
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R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
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R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
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Type `contributors()' for more information.
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Type 'contributors()' for more information and
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'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
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Type `demo()' for some demos, `help()' for on-line help, or
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Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
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`help.start()' for a HTML browser interface to help.
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'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
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Type `q()' to quit R.
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Type 'q()' to quit R.
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> #### Testing  UseMethod() and even more NextMethod()
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> #### Testing  UseMethod() and even more NextMethod()
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> ####
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> ####
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>
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>
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> ###-- Group methods
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> ###-- Group methods
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> y <- 4:2 ; class(y) <- c("bar", "foo")
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> y <- 4:2 ; class(y) <- c("bar", "foo")
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>
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>
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> ## The next 4 give a warning each about incompatible methods:
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> ## The next 4 give a warning each about incompatible methods:
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> x > y
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> x > y
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[1] FALSE FALSE  TRUE
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[1] FALSE FALSE  TRUE
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Warning message:
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Warning message:
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Incompatible methods (">.foo", ">.bar") for ">"
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Incompatible methods (">.foo", ">.bar") for ">"
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> y < x # should be the same (warning msg not, however)
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> y < x # should be the same (warning msg not, however)
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[1] FALSE FALSE  TRUE
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[1] FALSE FALSE  TRUE
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Warning message:
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Warning message:
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Incompatible methods ("Ops.bar", "Ops.foo") for "<"
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Incompatible methods ("Ops.bar", "Ops.foo") for "<"
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> x == y
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> x == y
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[1] FALSE  TRUE FALSE
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[1] FALSE  TRUE FALSE
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Warning message:
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Warning message:
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Incompatible methods ("Ops.foo", "Ops.bar") for "=="
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Incompatible methods ("Ops.foo", "Ops.bar") for "=="
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> x <= y
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> x <= y
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[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE
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[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE
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Warning message:
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Warning message:
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Incompatible methods ("Ops.foo", "Ops.bar") for "<="
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Incompatible methods ("Ops.foo", "Ops.bar") for "<="
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>
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>
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> x > 3 ##[1] ">.foo"
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> x > 3 ##[1] ">.foo"
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[1] ">.foo"
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[1] ">.foo"
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>
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>
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> abc(e1)
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> abc(e1)
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abc: Before dispatching; x has class `expression':  expression(sin(x))
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abc: Before dispatching; x has class `expression':  expression(sin(x))
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'expression' method of abc: abc.expression(e1)
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'expression' method of abc: abc.expression(e1)
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> abc(e0[[1]])
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> abc(e0[[1]])
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abc: Before dispatching; x has class `(': language, mode "(": (x)
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abc: Before dispatching; x has class `(': language, mode "(": (x)
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'(' method of abc: "abc.("(e0[[1]])
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'(' method of abc: `abc.(`(e0[[1]])
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> abc(e1[[1]])
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> abc(e1[[1]])
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abc: Before dispatching; x has class `call': language sin(x)
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abc: Before dispatching; x has class `call': language sin(x)
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abc.default(e1[[1]])
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abc.default(e1[[1]])
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>
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>