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\description{
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\description{
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If the \code{text} argument to one of the text-drawing functions
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If the \code{text} argument to one of the text-drawing functions
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(\code{\link{text}}, \code{\link{mtext}}, \code{\link{axis}}) in \R
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(\code{\link{text}}, \code{\link{mtext}}, \code{\link{axis}}) in \R
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is an expression, the argument is interpreted as a mathematical
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is an expression, the argument is interpreted as a mathematical
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expression and the output will be formatted according to TeX-like
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expression and the output will be formatted according to TeX-like
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rules. A mathematical expression must obey the normal rules of syntax
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for any \R expression, but it is interpreted according to very
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different rules than for normal \R expressions.}
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rules.
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}
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\details{
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\details{
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%% FIXME: use \describe instead when this works in nroff!
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%% FIXME: use \describe instead when this works in nroff!
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A mathematical expression must obey the normal rules of syntax
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for any \R expression, but it is interpreted according to very
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different rules than for normal \R expressions.
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\emph{Binary operators:} addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
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\emph{Binary operators:} addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
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division use the standard \R\ syntax, although multiplication only
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division use the standard \R syntax, although multiplication only
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juxtaposes the arguments. For example, \code{a+b}, \code{a-b}, and
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juxtaposes the arguments. For example, \code{a+b}, \code{a-b}, and
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\code{a/b}, produce \eqn{a+b}, \eqn{a-b}, and \eqn{a/b}, but
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\code{a/b}, produce \eqn{a+b}, \eqn{a-b}, and \eqn{a/b}, but
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\code{a*b} produces \eqn{ab}.
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\code{a*b} produces \eqn{ab}.
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\emph{Unary operators:} positive and negative numbers are specified
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\emph{Unary operators:} positive and negative numbers are specified
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26 |
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\emph{Subscripts and superscripts:} a subscript is specified using the
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\emph{Subscripts and superscripts:} a subscript is specified using the
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subsetting syntax and a superscript is specified using the power
|
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subsetting syntax and a superscript is specified using the power
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syntax. For example, \code{x[i]} produces \eqn{x_i} and \code{x^2}
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syntax. For example, \code{x[i]} produces \eqn{x_i} and \code{x^2}
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produces \eqn{x^2}.
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produces \eqn{x^2}.
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31 |
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\emph{Accents:} accented expressions are specified using the special
|
32 |
\emph{Accents:} accented expressions are specified using the special
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mathematical functions \code{hat} and \code{bar}.
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mathematical functions \code{hat} and \code{bar}.
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% For example, \code{hat(x)} produces \eqn{\hat{x}} and \code{bar(x)}
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% For example, \code{hat(x)} produces \eqn{\hat{x}} and \code{bar(x)}
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% produces \eqn{\bar{x}}.
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% produces \eqn{\bar{x}}.
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% For example, \code{frac(1,2)} produces \eqn{1\over2}.
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39 |
% For example, \code{frac(1,2)} produces \eqn{1\over2}.
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40 |
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\emph{Relations:} equality or assignment of terms is specified using
|
41 |
\emph{Relations:} equality or assignment of terms is specified using
|
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the \code{==} relation. For example, \code{x == y} produces
|
42 |
the \code{==} relation. For example, \code{x == y} produces
|
| 40 |
\eqn{x=y}.
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43 |
\eqn{x=y}.
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|
44 |
|
| 42 |
\emph{Visible grouping:} terms are visibly grouped by placing them
|
45 |
\emph{Visible grouping:} terms are visibly grouped by placing them
|
| 43 |
within parentheses. For example, \code{(x+y)} produces \eqn{(x+y)}.
|
46 |
within parentheses. For example, \code{(x+y)} produces \eqn{(x+y)}.
|
| 44 |
|
47 |
|
| 45 |
\emph{Invisible grouping:} terms are invisibly grouped by placing them
|
48 |
\emph{Invisible grouping:} terms are invisibly grouped by placing them
|
| 46 |
within curly braces. For example, \code{x^{2*y}} produces
|
49 |
within curly braces. For example, \code{x^{2*y}} produces
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| 50 |
the special mathematical function of the corresponding name. Each of
|
53 |
the special mathematical function of the corresponding name. Each of
|
| 51 |
these functions takes three arguments; the first indicates what is
|
54 |
these functions takes three arguments; the first indicates what is
|
| 52 |
being summed/multiplied/integrated and the second and third specify
|
55 |
being summed/multiplied/integrated and the second and third specify
|
| 53 |
the limits of the summation/product/integral.
|
56 |
the limits of the summation/product/integral.
|
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For example, \code{sum(x[i], i==0, n)} produces
|
57 |
For example, \code{sum(x[i], i==0, n)} produces
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| 55 |
\eqn{\sum\limits_{i=0}^n x_i}{sum_{i=0}^n x_i}.
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58 |
\deqn{\sum\limits_{i=0}^n x_i}{sum_{i=0}^n x_i}.
|
| 56 |
|
59 |
|
| 57 |
\emph{Radicals:} a square root expression is specified using the
|
60 |
\emph{Radicals:} a square root expression is specified using the
|
| 58 |
special mathematical functions \code{root} and \code{sqrt}.
|
61 |
special mathematical functions \code{root} and \code{sqrt}.
|
| 59 |
% For example, \code{sqrt(x)} produces \eqn{\sqrt x}.
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62 |
% For example, \code{sqrt(x)} produces \eqn{\sqrt x}.
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| 60 |
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63 |
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| 98 |
axis(1, at = c(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi),
|
101 |
axis(1, at = c(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi),
|
| 99 |
lab = expression(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi))
|
102 |
lab = expression(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi))
|
| 100 |
|
103 |
|
| 101 |
plot(1:10, 1:10)
|
104 |
plot(1:10, 1:10)
|
| 102 |
text(4, 9, expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y))
|
105 |
text(4, 9, expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y))
|
| 103 |
text(4, 8.4, "expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y)", cex = .6)
|
106 |
text(4, 8.4, "expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y)", cex = .8)
|
| 104 |
text(4, 7, expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n)))
|
107 |
text(4, 7, expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n)))
|
| 105 |
text(4, 6.4, "expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n))", cex = .6)
|
108 |
text(4, 6.4, "expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n))", cex = .8)
|
| 106 |
text(8, 5, expression(paste(frac(1, sigma*sqrt(2*pi)), " ",
|
109 |
text(8, 5, expression(paste(frac(1, sigma*sqrt(2*pi)), " ",
|
| 107 |
plain(e)^{frac(-(x-mu)^2, 2*sigma^2)})))
|
110 |
plain(e)^{frac(-(x-mu)^2, 2*sigma^2)})), cex= 1.2)
|
| - |
|
111 |
}
|
| 108 |
\keyword{aplot}
|
112 |
\keyword{aplot}
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