The R Project SVN R

\name{Constants}
\title{Built-in Constants}
\usage{
LETTERS
letters
month.abb
month.name
pi
}
\alias{LETTERS}
\alias{letters}
\alias{month.abb}
\alias{month.name}
\alias{pi}
\value{
  \R has a limited number of built-in constants (there is also a rather
  larger library of data sets which can be loaded with the function
  \code{data}).

  The following constants are available:
  \item{LETTERS}{the 26 upper-case letters of the Roman alphabet;}
  \item{letters}{the 26 lower-case letters of the Roman alphabet;}
  \item{month.abb}{the three-letter abbreviations for the English
    month-names;}
  \item{month.name}{The English names for the months of the year;}
  \item{pi}{the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.}
}
\seealso{
  \code{\link{data}}.
}
\examples{
 all(nchar(letters) == 1)                    # TRUE
 all(month.abb == substr(month.name, 1, 3))  # TRUE

eps <- .Machine$double.eps
all.equal(pi, 4*atan(1), tol= 2*eps)

# John Machin (1705) computed 100 decimals of pi :
all.equal(pi/4, 4*atan(1/5) - atan(1/239), 4*eps)

}
\keyword{sysdata}