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/*
 *  R : A Computer Language for Statistical Data Analysis
 *  Copyright (C) 1997--2025  The R Core Team
 *  Copyright (C) 1995, 1996  Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, a copy is available at
 *  https://www.R-project.org/Licenses/
 */


#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <Defn.h>
#include <Internal.h>
#include <Rmath.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <R_ext/Itermacros.h>

/* interval at which to check interrupts, a guess */
#define NINTERRUPT 10000000

static SEXP numeric_relop(RELOP_TYPE code, SEXP s1, SEXP s2);
static SEXP complex_relop(RELOP_TYPE code, SEXP s1, SEXP s2, SEXP call);
static SEXP string_relop (RELOP_TYPE code, SEXP s1, SEXP s2);
static SEXP raw_relop    (RELOP_TYPE code, SEXP s1, SEXP s2);

#define DO_SCALAR_RELOP(oper, x, y) do {        \
    switch (oper) {                 \
    case EQOP: return ScalarLogical((x) == (y));    \
    case NEOP: return ScalarLogical((x) != (y));    \
    case LTOP: return ScalarLogical((x) < (y)); \
    case GTOP: return ScalarLogical((x) > (y)); \
    case LEOP: return ScalarLogical((x) <= (y));    \
    case GEOP: return ScalarLogical((x) >= (y));    \
    }                       \
    } while (0)

attribute_hidden SEXP do_relop(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    SEXP ans, arg1, arg2;
    int argc;

    if (args != R_NilValue &&
    CDR(args) != R_NilValue &&
    CDDR(args) == R_NilValue)
    argc = 2;
    else
    argc = length(args);
    arg1 = CAR(args);
    arg2 = CADR(args);

    if (ATTRIB(arg1) != R_NilValue || ATTRIB(arg2) != R_NilValue) {
    if (DispatchGroup("Ops", call, op, args, env, &ans))
        return ans;
    }

    if (argc != 2)
    error("operator needs two arguments");

    return do_relop_dflt(call, op, arg1, arg2);
}

#define IS_SCALAR_STRING(x) (TYPEOF(x) == STRSXP && XLENGTH(x) == 1)
#define SYMBOL_STRING_MATCH(x, y) \
    (isSymbol(x) && IS_SCALAR_STRING(y) && Seql(PRINTNAME(x), STRING_ELT(y, 0)))


static R_INLINE Rboolean compute_lang_equal(SEXP x, SEXP y)
{
    if (isSymbol(x))
    return y == x ||
        (IS_SCALAR_STRING(y) && Seql(PRINTNAME(x), STRING_ELT(y, 0)));
    else if (isSymbol(y))
    return x == y ||
        (IS_SCALAR_STRING(x) && Seql(STRING_ELT(x, 0), PRINTNAME(y)));

    if (TYPEOF(x) == LANGSXP && ATTRIB(x) != R_NilValue)
    x = LCONS(CAR(x), CDR(x));
    PROTECT(x);
    if (TYPEOF(y) == LANGSXP && ATTRIB(y) != R_NilValue)
    y = LCONS(CAR(y), CDR(y));
    PROTECT(y);

    Rboolean val = R_compute_identical(x, y, 16);
    UNPROTECT(2);
    return val;
}

static SEXP compute_language_relop(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP x, SEXP y)
{
    static enum {
    UNINITIALIZED,
    EQONLY,
    IDENTICAL_CALLS,
    IDENTICAL_CALLS_ATTR,
    IDENTICAL,
    ERROR_CALLS,
    ERROR
    } option = UNINITIALIZED;

    if (option == UNINITIALIZED) {
    option = EQONLY;
    const char *val = getenv("_R_COMPARE_LANG_OBJECTS");
    if (val != NULL) {
        if (strcmp(val, "eqonly") == 0)
        option = EQONLY;
        else if (strcmp(val, "identical_calls") == 0)
        option = IDENTICAL_CALLS;
        else if (strcmp(val, "identical_calls_attr") == 0)
        option = IDENTICAL_CALLS_ATTR;
        else if (strcmp(val, "identical") == 0)
        option = IDENTICAL;
        else if (strcmp(val, "error_calls") == 0)
        option = ERROR_CALLS;
        else if (strcmp(val, "error") == 0)
        option = ERROR;
    }
    }

    switch(option) {
    case EQONLY:
    switch(PRIMVAL(op)) {
    case EQOP: return NULL;
    case NEOP: return NULL;
    default:
        errorcall(call,
              _("comparison (%s) is not possible for language types"),
              PRIMNAME(op));
    }
    case IDENTICAL_CALLS:
    /* this should reproduce the current behavior of == and != for
       language objects, while signaling errors for <, <=, >, and
       >=. */
    switch(PRIMVAL(op)) {
    case EQOP:
        return compute_lang_equal(x, y) ? R_TrueValue : R_FalseValue;
    case NEOP:
        return compute_lang_equal(x, y) ? R_FalseValue : R_TrueValue;
    default:
        errorcall(call,
              _("comparison (%s) is not possible for language types"),
              PRIMNAME(op));
    }
    case IDENTICAL_CALLS_ATTR:
    if (isSymbol(x) && IS_SCALAR_STRING(y))
        y = Seql(STRING_ELT(y, 0), PRINTNAME(x)) ? x : R_NilValue;
    else if (isSymbol(y) && IS_SCALAR_STRING(x))
        x = Seql(STRING_ELT(x, 0), PRINTNAME(y)) ? y : R_NilValue;
    switch(PRIMVAL(op)) {
    case EQOP:
        return R_compute_identical(x, y, 16) ? R_TrueValue : R_FalseValue;
    case NEOP:
        return R_compute_identical(x, y, 16) ? R_FalseValue : R_TrueValue;
    default:
        errorcall(call,
              _("comparison (%s) is not possible for language types"),
              PRIMNAME(op));
    }
    case IDENTICAL:
    if (SYMBOL_STRING_MATCH(x, y) || SYMBOL_STRING_MATCH(y, x))
        /* identical(x, y) and the default x == y implementation
           would disagree, so signal an error instead */
        errorcall(call,
              _("comparing this symbol and string pair "
            "is not supported"));
    switch(PRIMVAL(op)) {
    case EQOP:
        return R_compute_identical(x, y, 16) ? R_TrueValue : R_FalseValue;
    case NEOP:
        return R_compute_identical(x, y, 16) ? R_FalseValue : R_TrueValue;
    default: errorcall(call,
               _("comparison (%s) is not possible for language types"),
               PRIMNAME(op));
    }
    case ERROR_CALLS:
    if (TYPEOF(x) == LANGSXP || TYPEOF(y) == LANGSXP)
        errorcall(call, _("comparison of call objects is not supported"));
    return NULL;
    case ERROR:
    errorcall(call, _("comparison of language objects is not supported"));
    default: return NULL;
    }
}

// also called from cmp_relop() in eval.c :
attribute_hidden SEXP do_relop_dflt(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP x, SEXP y)
{
    /* handle the REALSXP/INTSXP simple scalar case quickly */
    if (IS_SIMPLE_SCALAR(x, INTSXP)) {
    int ix = SCALAR_IVAL(x);
    if (IS_SIMPLE_SCALAR(y, INTSXP)) {
        int iy = SCALAR_IVAL(y);
        if (ix == NA_INTEGER || iy == NA_INTEGER)
        return ScalarLogical(NA_LOGICAL);
        DO_SCALAR_RELOP(PRIMVAL(op), ix, iy);
    }
    else if (IS_SIMPLE_SCALAR(y, REALSXP)) {
        double dy = SCALAR_DVAL(y);
        if (ix == NA_INTEGER || ISNAN(dy))
        return ScalarLogical(NA_LOGICAL);
        DO_SCALAR_RELOP(PRIMVAL(op), ix, dy);
    }
    }
    else if (IS_SIMPLE_SCALAR(x, REALSXP)) {
    double dx = SCALAR_DVAL(x);
    if (IS_SIMPLE_SCALAR(y, INTSXP)) {
        int iy = SCALAR_IVAL(y);
        if (ISNAN(dx) || iy == NA_INTEGER)
        return ScalarLogical(NA_LOGICAL);
        DO_SCALAR_RELOP(PRIMVAL(op), dx, iy);
    }
    else if (IS_SIMPLE_SCALAR(y, REALSXP)) {
        double dy = SCALAR_DVAL(y);
        if (ISNAN(dx) || ISNAN(dy))
        return ScalarLogical(NA_LOGICAL);
        DO_SCALAR_RELOP(PRIMVAL(op), dx, dy);
    }
    }

    R_xlen_t
    nx = xlength(x),
    ny = xlength(y);
    SEXPTYPE
    typex = TYPEOF(x),
    typey = TYPEOF(y);

    /* handle the REALSXP/INTSXP simple vector/scalar case quickly. */
    if (ATTRIB(x) == R_NilValue && ATTRIB(y) == R_NilValue &&
    (typex == REALSXP || typex == INTSXP) &&
    (typey == REALSXP || typey == INTSXP) &&
    nx > 0 && ny > 0 && (nx == 1 || ny == 1)) {

    PROTECT(x);
    PROTECT(y);
    SEXP ans;
    ans = numeric_relop(PRIMVAL(op), x, y);
    UNPROTECT(2);
    return ans;
    }

    /* handle the general case */
    PROTECT_INDEX xpi, ypi;
    PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(x, &xpi);
    PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(y, &ypi);

    if (isSymbol(x) || TYPEOF(x) == LANGSXP ||
    isSymbol(y) || TYPEOF(y) == LANGSXP) {
    SEXP ans = compute_language_relop(call, op, x, y);
    if (ans != NULL) {
        UNPROTECT(2);
        return ans;
    }
    }

    Rboolean iS;
    /* That symbols and calls were allowed was undocumented prior to
       R 2.5.0.  We deparse them as deparse() would, minus attributes */
    if ((iS = isSymbol(x)) || TYPEOF(x) == LANGSXP) {
    SEXP tmp = allocVector(STRSXP, 1);
    PROTECT(tmp);
    SET_STRING_ELT(tmp, 0, (iS) ? PRINTNAME(x) :
               STRING_ELT(deparse1line_(x, 0,
                        DEFAULTDEPARSE | DIGITS17),
                  0));
    REPROTECT(x = tmp, xpi);
    nx = xlength(x);
    UNPROTECT(1);
    }
    if ((iS = isSymbol(y)) || TYPEOF(y) == LANGSXP) {
    SEXP tmp = allocVector(STRSXP, 1);
    PROTECT(tmp);
    SET_STRING_ELT(tmp, 0, (iS) ? PRINTNAME(y) :
               STRING_ELT(deparse1line_(y, 0,
                        DEFAULTDEPARSE | DIGITS17),
                  0));
    REPROTECT(y = tmp, ypi);
    ny = xlength(y);
    UNPROTECT(1);
    }

    if (isNull(x)) REPROTECT(x = allocVector(INTSXP,0), xpi);
    if (isNull(y)) REPROTECT(y = allocVector(INTSXP,0), ypi);
    if (!isVector(x) || !isVector(y))
    errorcall(call,
          _("comparison (%s) is possible only for atomic and list types"),
          PRIMNAME(op));

#ifdef previous_R_versions
    if (TYPEOF(x) == EXPRSXP || TYPEOF(y) == EXPRSXP)
    errorcall(call, _("comparison is not allowed for expressions"));
#endif

    /* ELSE :  x and y are both atomic or list */

    Rboolean
    xarray = isArray(x),
    yarray = isArray(y),
    xts = isTs(x),
    yts = isTs(y);
    SEXP dims, xnames, ynames;
    if (xarray || yarray) {
    if (xarray && yarray) {
        if (!conformable(x, y))
        errorcall(call, _("non-conformable arrays"));
        PROTECT(dims = getAttrib(x, R_DimSymbol));
    }
    else if (xarray && (ny != 0 || nx == 0)) {
        PROTECT(dims = getAttrib(x, R_DimSymbol));
    }
    else if (yarray && (nx != 0 || ny == 0)) {
        PROTECT(dims = getAttrib(y, R_DimSymbol));
    } else
        PROTECT(dims = R_NilValue);

    PROTECT(xnames = getAttrib(x, R_DimNamesSymbol));
    PROTECT(ynames = getAttrib(y, R_DimNamesSymbol));
    }
    else {
    PROTECT(dims = R_NilValue);
    PROTECT(xnames = getAttrib(x, R_NamesSymbol));
    PROTECT(ynames = getAttrib(y, R_NamesSymbol));
    }

    SEXP klass = NULL, tsp = NULL; // -Wall
    if (xts || yts) {
    if (xts && yts) {
        /* could check ts conformance here */
        PROTECT(tsp = getAttrib(x, R_TspSymbol));
        PROTECT(klass = getAttrib(x, R_ClassSymbol));
    }
    else if (xts) {
        if (xlength(x) < xlength(y))
        ErrorMessage(call, ERROR_TSVEC_MISMATCH);
        PROTECT(tsp = getAttrib(x, R_TspSymbol));
        PROTECT(klass = getAttrib(x, R_ClassSymbol));
    }
    else /*(yts)*/ {
        if (xlength(y) < xlength(x))
        ErrorMessage(call, ERROR_TSVEC_MISMATCH);
        PROTECT(tsp = getAttrib(y, R_TspSymbol));
        PROTECT(klass = getAttrib(y, R_ClassSymbol));
    }
    }

  if (nx > 0 && ny > 0) {
    if(((nx > ny) ? nx % ny : ny % nx) != 0) // mismatch
            warningcall(call, _(
        "longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length"));

    if (isString(x) || isString(y)) {
    REPROTECT(x = coerceVector(x, STRSXP), xpi);
    REPROTECT(y = coerceVector(y, STRSXP), ypi);
    x = string_relop((RELOP_TYPE) PRIMVAL(op), x, y);
    }
    else if (isComplex(x) || isComplex(y)) {
    REPROTECT(x = coerceVector(x, CPLXSXP), xpi);
    REPROTECT(y = coerceVector(y, CPLXSXP), ypi);
    x = complex_relop((RELOP_TYPE) PRIMVAL(op), x, y, call);
    }
    else if ((isNumeric(x) || isLogical(x)) && (isNumeric(y) || isLogical(y))) {
        x = numeric_relop((RELOP_TYPE) PRIMVAL(op), x, y);
    } // rest of cases only apply when 'x' or 'y' is raw
    else if (isReal(x) || isReal(y)) {
    REPROTECT(x = coerceVector(x, REALSXP), xpi);
    REPROTECT(y = coerceVector(y, REALSXP), ypi);
    x = numeric_relop((RELOP_TYPE) PRIMVAL(op), x, y);
    }
    else if (isInteger(x) || isInteger(y)) {
    REPROTECT(x = coerceVector(x, INTSXP), xpi);
    REPROTECT(y = coerceVector(y, INTSXP), ypi);
    x = numeric_relop((RELOP_TYPE) PRIMVAL(op), x, y);
    }
    else if (isLogical(x) || isLogical(y)) {
    REPROTECT(x = coerceVector(x, LGLSXP), xpi);
    REPROTECT(y = coerceVector(y, LGLSXP), ypi);
    x = numeric_relop((RELOP_TYPE) PRIMVAL(op), x, y);
    }
    else if (TYPEOF(x) == RAWSXP || TYPEOF(y) == RAWSXP) {
    REPROTECT(x = coerceVector(x, RAWSXP), xpi);
    REPROTECT(y = coerceVector(y, RAWSXP), ypi);
    x = raw_relop((RELOP_TYPE) PRIMVAL(op), x, y);
    } else errorcall(call, _("comparison of these types is not implemented"));
  } else { // nx == 0 || ny == 0
    x = allocVector(LGLSXP, 0);
  }

    PROTECT(x);
    if (dims != R_NilValue) {
    setAttrib(x, R_DimSymbol, dims);
    if (xnames != R_NilValue)
        setAttrib(x, R_DimNamesSymbol, xnames);
    else if (ynames != R_NilValue)
        setAttrib(x, R_DimNamesSymbol, ynames);
    }
    else {
    if (xnames != R_NilValue && xlength(x) == xlength(xnames))
        setAttrib(x, R_NamesSymbol, xnames);
    else if (ynames != R_NilValue && xlength(x) == xlength(ynames))
        setAttrib(x, R_NamesSymbol, ynames);
    }
    if (xts || yts) {
    setAttrib(x, R_TspSymbol, tsp);
    setAttrib(x, R_ClassSymbol, klass);
    UNPROTECT(2);
    }

    UNPROTECT(6);
    return x;
}

#define ISNA_INT(x) x == NA_INTEGER

#define NR_HELPER(OP, type1, ACCESSOR1, ISNA1, type2, ACCESSOR2, ISNA2) do { \
    type1 x1, *px1 = ACCESSOR1(s1);                 \
    type2 x2, *px2 = ACCESSOR2(s2);                 \
    int *pa = LOGICAL(ans);                     \
        MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {                            \
        x1 = px1[i1];                       \
        x2 = px2[i2];                       \
            if (ISNA1(x1) || ISNA2(x2))                                 \
                pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;                 \
            else                                                        \
                pa[i] = (x1 OP x2);                 \
        });                                                             \
    } while (0)

#define NUMERIC_RELOP(type1, ACCESSOR1, ISNA1, type2, ACCESSOR2, ISNA2) do { \
    switch (code) {                                                     \
    case EQOP:                                                          \
    NR_HELPER(==, type1, ACCESSOR1, ISNA1, type2, ACCESSOR2, ISNA2); \
        break;                                                          \
    case NEOP:                                                          \
    NR_HELPER(!=, type1, ACCESSOR1, ISNA1, type2, ACCESSOR2, ISNA2); \
        break;                                                          \
    case LTOP:                                                          \
    NR_HELPER(<, type1, ACCESSOR1, ISNA1, type2, ACCESSOR2, ISNA2); \
        break;                                                          \
    case GTOP:                                                          \
    NR_HELPER(>, type1, ACCESSOR1, ISNA1, type2, ACCESSOR2, ISNA2); \
        break;                                                          \
    case LEOP:                                                          \
    NR_HELPER(<=, type1, ACCESSOR1, ISNA1, type2, ACCESSOR2, ISNA2); \
        break;                                                          \
    case GEOP:                                                          \
    NR_HELPER(>=, type1, ACCESSOR1, ISNA1, type2, ACCESSOR2, ISNA2); \
        break;                                                          \
    }                                                                   \
} while(0)

static SEXP numeric_relop(RELOP_TYPE code, SEXP s1, SEXP s2)
{
    R_xlen_t i, i1, i2, n, n1, n2;
    SEXP ans;

    n1 = XLENGTH(s1);
    n2 = XLENGTH(s2);
    n = (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2;
    PROTECT(s1);
    PROTECT(s2);
    ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, n);

    if (isInteger(s1) || isLogical(s1)) {
        if (isInteger(s2) || isLogical(s2)) {
            NUMERIC_RELOP(int, INTEGER, ISNA_INT, int, INTEGER, ISNA_INT);
        } else {
            NUMERIC_RELOP(int, INTEGER, ISNA_INT, double, REAL, ISNAN);
        }
    } else if (isInteger(s2) || isLogical(s2)) {
        NUMERIC_RELOP(double, REAL, ISNAN, int, INTEGER, ISNA_INT);
    } else {
        NUMERIC_RELOP(double, REAL, ISNAN, double, REAL, ISNAN);
    }

    UNPROTECT(2);
    return ans;
}

static SEXP complex_relop(RELOP_TYPE code, SEXP s1, SEXP s2, SEXP call)
{
    R_xlen_t i, i1, i2, n, n1, n2;
    Rcomplex x1, x2;
    SEXP ans;

    if (code != EQOP && code != NEOP) {
    errorcall(call, _("invalid comparison with complex values"));
    }

    n1 = XLENGTH(s1);
    n2 = XLENGTH(s2);
    n = (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2;
    PROTECT(s1);
    PROTECT(s2);
    ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, n);

    const Rcomplex *px1 = COMPLEX_RO(s1);
    const Rcomplex *px2 = COMPLEX_RO(s2);
    int *pa = LOGICAL(ans);

    switch (code) {
    case EQOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        x1 = px1[i1];
        x2 = px2[i2];
        if (ISNAN(x1.r) || ISNAN(x1.i) ||
        ISNAN(x2.r) || ISNAN(x2.i))
        pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else
        pa[i] = (x1.r == x2.r && x1.i == x2.i);
    });
    break;
    case NEOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        x1 = px1[i1];
        x2 = px2[i2];
        if (ISNAN(x1.r) || ISNAN(x1.i) ||
        ISNAN(x2.r) || ISNAN(x2.i))
        pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else
        pa[i] = (x1.r != x2.r || x1.i != x2.i);
    });
    break;
    default:
    /* never happens (-Wall) */
    break;
    }
    UNPROTECT(2);
    return ans;
}


/* POSIX allows EINVAL when one of the strings contains characters
   outside the collation domain. */
static SEXP string_relop(RELOP_TYPE code, SEXP s1, SEXP s2)
{
    R_xlen_t i, n, n1, n2, res, i1, i2;
    SEXP ans, c1, c2;
    const void *vmax = vmaxget(); // for Scollate

    n1 = XLENGTH(s1);
    n2 = XLENGTH(s2);
    n = (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2;
    PROTECT(s1);
    PROTECT(s2);
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, n));
    int *pa = LOGICAL(ans);

    switch (code) {
    case EQOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        c1 = STRING_ELT(s1, i1);
        c2 = STRING_ELT(s2, i2);
        if (c1 == NA_STRING || c2 == NA_STRING)
        pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else
        pa[i] = Seql(c1, c2) ? 1 : 0;
    });
    break;
    case NEOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        c1 = STRING_ELT(s1, i1);
        c2 = STRING_ELT(s2, i2);
        if (c1 == NA_STRING || c2 == NA_STRING)
        pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else
        pa[i] = Seql(c1, c2) ? 0 : 1;
    });
    break;
    case LTOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        c1 = STRING_ELT(s1, i1);
        c2 = STRING_ELT(s2, i2);
        if (c1 == NA_STRING || c2 == NA_STRING)
        pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else if (c1 == c2)
        pa[i] = 0;
        else {
        errno = 0;
        res = Scollate(c1, c2);
        if(errno)
            pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else
            pa[i] = (res < 0) ? 1 : 0;
        }
    });
    break;
    case GTOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i ,i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        c1 = STRING_ELT(s1, i1);
        c2 = STRING_ELT(s2, i2);
        if (c1 == NA_STRING || c2 == NA_STRING)
        pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else if (c1 == c2)
        pa[i] = 0;
        else {
        errno = 0;
        res = Scollate(c1, c2);
        if(errno)
            pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else
            pa[i] = (res > 0) ? 1 : 0;
        }
    });
    break;
    case LEOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        c1 = STRING_ELT(s1, i1);
        c2 = STRING_ELT(s2, i2);
        if (c1 == NA_STRING || c2 == NA_STRING)
        pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else if (c1 == c2)
        pa[i] = 1;
        else {
        errno = 0;
        res = Scollate(c1, c2);
        if(errno)
            pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else
            pa[i] = (res <= 0) ? 1 : 0;
        }
    });
    break;
    case GEOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        c1 = STRING_ELT(s1, i1);
        c2 = STRING_ELT(s2, i2);
        if (c1 == NA_STRING || c2 == NA_STRING)
        pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else if (c1 == c2)
        pa[i] = 1;
        else {
        errno = 0;
        res = Scollate(c1, c2);
        if(errno)
            pa[i] = NA_LOGICAL;
        else
            pa[i] = (res >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
        }
    });
    break;
    }
    UNPROTECT(3);
    vmaxset(vmax);
    return ans;
}

static SEXP raw_relop(RELOP_TYPE code, SEXP s1, SEXP s2)
{
    R_xlen_t i, i1, i2, n, n1, n2;
    Rbyte x1, x2;
    SEXP ans;

    n1 = XLENGTH(s1);
    n2 = XLENGTH(s2);
    n = (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2;
    PROTECT(s1);
    PROTECT(s2);
    ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, n);

    const Rbyte *px1 = RAW_RO(s1);
    const Rbyte *px2 = RAW_RO(s2);
    int *pa = LOGICAL(ans);

    switch (code) {
    case EQOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        x1 = px1[i1];
        x2 = px2[i2];
        pa[i] = (x1 == x2);
    });
    break;
    case NEOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        x1 = px1[i1];
        x2 = px2[i2];
        pa[i] = (x1 != x2);
    });
    break;
    case LTOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        x1 = px1[i1];
        x2 = px2[i2];
        pa[i] = (x1 < x2);
    });
    break;
    case GTOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        x1 = px1[i1];
        x2 = px2[i2];
        pa[i] = (x1 > x2);
    });
    break;
    case LEOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        x1 = px1[i1];
        x2 = px2[i2];
        pa[i] = (x1 <= x2);
    });
    break;
    case GEOP:
    MOD_ITERATE2(n, n1, n2, i, i1, i2, {
//      if ((i+1) % NINTERRUPT == 0) R_CheckUserInterrupt();
        x1 = px1[i1];
        x2 = px2[i2];
        pa[i] = (x1 >= x2);
    });
    break;
    }
    UNPROTECT(2);
    return ans;
}


static SEXP bitwiseNot(SEXP a)
{
    SEXP ans;
    int np = 0;
    if(isReal(a)) {a = PROTECT(coerceVector(a, INTSXP)); np++;}

    switch(TYPEOF(a)) {
    case INTSXP:
    {
        R_xlen_t m = XLENGTH(a);
        ans = allocVector(INTSXP, m);
        int *pans = INTEGER(ans);
        const int *pa = INTEGER_RO(a);
        for(R_xlen_t i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int aa = pa[i];
        pans[i] = (aa == NA_INTEGER) ? aa : ~aa;
        }
    }
    break;
    default:
    UNIMPLEMENTED_TYPE("bitwNot", a);
    }
    if(np) UNPROTECT(np);
    return ans;
}

#define mymax(x, y) ((x >= y) ? x : y)

#define BIT(op, name)                           \
    SEXP ans;                               \
    int np = 0;                             \
    if(isReal(a)) {a = PROTECT(coerceVector(a, INTSXP)); np++;}     \
    if(isReal(b)) {b = PROTECT(coerceVector(b, INTSXP)); np++;}     \
    if (TYPEOF(a) != TYPEOF(b))                     \
    error(_("'a' and 'b' must have the same type"));        \
    switch(TYPEOF(a)) {                         \
    case INTSXP:                            \
    {                               \
        R_xlen_t i, ia, ib;                     \
        R_xlen_t m = XLENGTH(a), n = XLENGTH(b),            \
        mn = (m && n) ? mymax(m, n) : 0;            \
        ans = allocVector(INTSXP, mn);              \
        int *pans = INTEGER(ans);                   \
        const int *pa = INTEGER_RO(a), *pb = INTEGER_RO(b);     \
        MOD_ITERATE2(mn, m, n, i, ia, ib, {             \
            int aa = pa[ia]; int bb = pb[ib];           \
            pans[i] = (aa == NA_INTEGER || bb == NA_INTEGER) ?  \
            NA_INTEGER : aa op bb;              \
        });                         \
    }                               \
    break;                              \
    default:                                \
    UNIMPLEMENTED_TYPE(name, a);                    \
    }                                   \
    if(np) UNPROTECT(np);                       \
    return ans

static SEXP bitwiseAnd(SEXP a, SEXP b)
{
    BIT(&, "bitwAnd");
}

static SEXP bitwiseOr(SEXP a, SEXP b)
{
    BIT(|, "bitwOr");
}

static SEXP bitwiseXor(SEXP a, SEXP b)
{
    BIT(^, "bitwXor");
}

static SEXP bitwiseShiftL(SEXP a, SEXP b)
{
    SEXP ans;
    int np = 0;
    if(isReal(a)) {a = PROTECT(coerceVector(a, INTSXP)); np++;}
    if(!isInteger(b)) {b = PROTECT(coerceVector(b, INTSXP)); np++;}
    if (TYPEOF(a) != TYPEOF(b))
    error(_("'a' and 'b' must have the same type"));

    switch(TYPEOF(a)) {
    case INTSXP:
    {
        R_xlen_t i, ia, ib;
        R_xlen_t m = XLENGTH(a), n = XLENGTH(b),
        mn = (m && n) ? mymax(m, n) : 0;
        ans = allocVector(INTSXP, mn);
        int *pans = INTEGER(ans);
        const int *pa = INTEGER_RO(a), *pb = INTEGER_RO(b);
        MOD_ITERATE2(mn, m, n, i, ia, ib, {
            int aa = pa[ia]; int bb = pb[ib];
            pans[i] =
            (aa == NA_INTEGER || bb == NA_INTEGER ||
             bb < 0 || bb > 31) ?
            NA_INTEGER : ((unsigned int)aa << bb);
        });
    }
    break;
    default:
    UNIMPLEMENTED_TYPE("bitShiftL", a);
    }
    if(np) UNPROTECT(np);
    return ans;
}

static SEXP bitwiseShiftR(SEXP a, SEXP b)
{
    SEXP ans;
    int np = 0;
    if(isReal(a)) {a = PROTECT(coerceVector(a, INTSXP)); np++;}
    if(!isInteger(b)) {b = PROTECT(coerceVector(b, INTSXP)); np++;}
    if (TYPEOF(a) != TYPEOF(b))
    error(_("'a' and 'b' must have the same type"));

    switch(TYPEOF(a)) {
    case INTSXP:
    {
        R_xlen_t i, ia, ib;
        R_xlen_t m = XLENGTH(a), n = XLENGTH(b),
        mn = (m && n) ? mymax(m, n) : 0;
        ans = allocVector(TYPEOF(a), mn);
        int *pans = INTEGER(ans);
        const int *pa = INTEGER_RO(a), *pb = INTEGER_RO(b);
        MOD_ITERATE2(mn, m, n, i, ia, ib, {
            int aa = pa[ia]; int bb = pb[ib];
            pans[i] =
            (aa == NA_INTEGER || bb == NA_INTEGER ||
             bb < 0 || bb > 31) ?
            NA_INTEGER : ((unsigned int)aa >> bb);
        });
    }
    break;
    default:
    UNIMPLEMENTED_TYPE("bitShiftR", a);
    }
    if(np) UNPROTECT(np);
    return ans;
}

attribute_hidden SEXP do_bitwise(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    checkArity(op, args);
    SEXP ans = R_NilValue; /* -Wall */
    switch(PRIMVAL(op)) {
    case 1: ans = bitwiseAnd(CAR(args), CADR(args)); break;
    case 2: ans = bitwiseNot(CAR(args)); break;
    case 3: ans = bitwiseOr(CAR(args), CADR(args)); break;
    case 4: ans = bitwiseXor(CAR(args), CADR(args)); break;
    case 5: ans = bitwiseShiftL(CAR(args), CADR(args)); break;
    case 6: ans = bitwiseShiftR(CAR(args), CADR(args)); break;
    }
    return ans;
}