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\name{gam2objective}\alias{gam2objective}\alias{gam2derivative}%- Also NEED an `\alias' for EACH other topic documented here.\title{Objective functions for GAM smoothing parameter estimation}\description{Estimation of GAM smoothing parameters is most stable ifoptimization of the UBRE/AIC or GCV score is outer to the penalized iterativelyre-weighted least squares scheme used to estimate the model given smoothingparameters. These functions evaluate the GCV/UBRE/AIC score of a GAM model, givensmoothing parameters, in a manner suitable for use by \code{\link{optim}} or \code{\link{nlm}}.Not normally called directly, but rather service routines for \code{\link{gam.outer}}.}\usage{gam2objective(lsp,args,...)gam2derivative(lsp,args,...)}%- maybe also `usage' for other objects documented here.\arguments{\item{lsp}{The log smoothing parameters.}\item{args}{List of arguments required to call \code{\link{gam.fit3}}.}\item{...}{Other arguments for passing to \code{gam.fit3}.}}\details{ \code{gam2objective} and \code{gam2derivative} are functions suitablefor calling by \code{\link{optim}}, to evaluate the GCV/UBRE/AIC score and itsderivatives w.r.t. log smoothing parameters.\code{gam4objective} is an equivalent to \code{gam2objective}, suitable foroptimization by \code{\link{nlm}} - derivatives of the GCV/UBRE/AIC function arecalculated and returned as attributes.The basic idea of optimizing smoothing parameters `outer' to the P-IRLS loopwas first proposed in O'Sullivan et al. (1986).}\references{Wood, S.N. (2011) Fast stable restricted maximum likelihoodand marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linearmodels. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (B) 73(1):3-36O 'Sullivan, Yandall & Raynor (1986) Automatic smoothing of regressionfunctions in generalized linear models. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 81:96-103.Wood, S.N. (2008) Fast stable direct fitting and smoothness selection for generalizedadditive models. J.R.Statist.Soc.B 70(3):495-518}\author{ Simon N. Wood \email{simon.wood@r-project.org}}\seealso{\code{\link{gam.fit3}}, \code{\link{gam}}, \code{\link{magic}}}\keyword{models} \keyword{smooth} \keyword{regression}%-- one or more ...