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#-*- R -*-library( nlme )options( width = 65, digits = 5 )options( contrasts = c(unordered = "contr.helmert",ordered = "contr.poly") )pdf( file = 'ch02.pdf' )# Chapter 2 Theory and Computational Methods for Linear Mixed-Effects Models# 2.2 Likelihood Estimation for LME ModelsXmat <- matrix( c(1, 1, 1, 1, 8, 10, 12, 14), ncol = 2 )XmatXqr <- qr( Xmat ) # creates a QR structureqr.R( Xqr ) # returns Rqr.Q( Xqr ) # returns Q-truncatedqr.Q( Xqr, complete = TRUE ) # returns the full Qfm1Rail.lme <- lme( travel ~ 1, data = Rail, random = ~ 1 | Rail,control = list( msVerbose = TRUE ) )fm1Rail.lme <- lme( travel ~ 1, data = Rail, random = ~ 1 | Rail,control = list( msVerbose = TRUE, niterEM = 0 ))fm1Machine <-lme( score ~ Machine, data = Machines, random = ~ 1 | Worker )fm2Machine <- update( fm1Machine, random = ~ 1 | Worker/Machine )anova( fm1Machine, fm2Machine )OrthoFem <- Orthodont[ Orthodont$Sex == "Female", ]fm1OrthF <- lme( distance ~ age, data = OrthoFem,random = ~ 1 | Subject )fm2OrthF <- update( fm1OrthF, random = ~ age | Subject )orthLRTsim <- simulate.lme( fm1OrthF, m2 = fm2OrthF, nsim = 1000 )plot( orthLRTsim, df = c(1, 2) ) # produces Figure 2.3machineLRTsim <- simulate.lme(fm1Machine, m2 = fm2Machine, nsim= 1000)plot( machineLRTsim, df = c(0, 1), # produces Figure 2.4layout = c(4,1), between = list(x = c(0, 0.5, 0)) )stoolLRTsim <-simulate.lme( list(fixed = effort ~ 1, data = ergoStool,random = ~ 1 | Subject),m2 = list(fixed = effort ~ Type),method = "ML", nsim = 1000 )plot( stoolLRTsim, df = c(3, 4) ) # Figure 2.5data( PBIB, package = 'SASmixed' )pbibLRTsim <-simulate.lme(list( fixed = response ~ 1, data = PBIB,random = ~ 1 | Block ),m2 = list(fixed = response ~ Treatment, data = PBIB,random = ~ 1 | Block),method = "ML", nsim = 1000 )plot( pbibLRTsim, df = c(14,16,18), weights = FALSE ) # Figure 2.6summary( fm2Machine )fm1PBIB <- lme(response ~ Treatment, data = PBIB, random = ~ 1 | Block)anova( fm1PBIB )fm2PBIB <- update( fm1PBIB, method = "ML" )fm3PBIB <- update( fm2PBIB, response ~ 1 )anova( fm2PBIB, fm3PBIB )anova( fm2Machine )# cleanupproc.time()