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library(Matrix)options(show.signif.stars = FALSE)(fm1 <- lmer(decrease ~ treatment + (1|rowpos) + (1|colpos),OrchardSprays))(fm2 <- lmer(decrease ~ treatment + (1|rowpos) + (1|colpos),OrchardSprays, method = "ML"))## should produce a warning but fit by REML(fm1 <- lmer(decrease ~ treatment + (1|rowpos) + (1|colpos),OrchardSprays, method = "AGQ"))## generalized linear mixed model(fm3 <- lmer(decrease ~ treatment + (1|rowpos) + (1|colpos),OrchardSprays, family = poisson(), method = "PQL"))## should use PQL(fm3 <- lmer(decrease ~ treatment + (1|rowpos) + (1|colpos),OrchardSprays, family = poisson()))## Laplace approximation {takes time}## (fm4 <- lmer(decrease ~ treatment + (1|rowpos) + (1|colpos),## OrchardSprays, poisson(), method = "Laplace"))## Simple example by Andrew Gelman (2006-01-10) ----n.groups <- 10 ; n.reps <- 2n <- length(group.id <- gl(n.groups, n.reps))## simulate the varying parameters and the data:set.seed(0)a.group <- rnorm(n.groups, 1, 2)y <- rnorm (n, a.group[group.id], 1)## fit and summarize the modelfit.1 <- lmer (y ~ 1 + (1 | group.id))coef (fit.1)# failed in Matrix 0.99-6 -- FIXME: should get a show() methodsummary(fit.1)## Many family = binomial casesif (isTRUE(try(data(Contraception, package = 'mlmRev')) =='Contraception') && exists("nlminb", mode = "function")) {print(fm.1 <- lmer(use ~ urban + age + livch + (1 | district),Contraception, binomial))print(system.time(fm1 <- lmer(use ~ urban + age + livch + (1 | district),Contraception, binomial), gc = TRUE))print(fm.2 <- lmer(use ~ urban + age + livch + (1 | district),Contraception, binomial, method = 'Laplace'))print(system.time(lmer(use ~ urban + age + livch + (1 | district),Contraception, binomial, method = 'Laplace'),gc = TRUE))print(fm.2a <- lmer(use ~ urban + age + livch + (1 | district),Contraception, binomial, method = 'AGQ'))print(system.time(lmer(use ~ urban + age + livch + (1 | district),Contraception, binomial, method = 'AGQ'),gc = TRUE))print(fm.3 <- lmer(use ~ urban + age + livch + (urban | district),Contraception, binomial))print(fm.4 <- lmer(use ~ urban + age + livch + (urban | district),Contraception, binomial, method = 'Laplace'))}if (require('MASS', quietly = TRUE) && exists("nlminb", mode = "function")) {bacteria$wk2 <- bacteria$week > 2contrasts(bacteria$trt) <-structure(contr.sdif(3),dimnames = list(NULL, c("diag", "encourage")))print(fm5 <- lmer(y ~ trt + wk2 + (1|ID), bacteria, binomial))print(system.time(fm5 <- lmer(y ~ trt + wk2 + (1|ID), bacteria, binomial),gc = TRUE))print(fm6 <- lmer(y ~ trt + wk2 + (1|ID), bacteria, binomial,method = 'Laplace'))print(system.time(lmer(y ~ trt + wk2 + (1|ID), bacteria, binomial,method = 'Laplace'), gc = TRUE))print(fm6a <- lmer(y ~ trt + wk2 + (1|ID), bacteria, binomial,method = 'AGQ'))print(system.time(lmer(y ~ trt + wk2 + (1|ID), bacteria, binomial,method = 'AGQ'), gc = TRUE))}proc.time() # for ``statistical reasons''