#### Testing print(), format() and the like --- mainly with numeric() #### #### to be run as #### #### R < print-tests.R >& print-tests.out-__version__ #### == (csh) opt.conformance <- 0 DIG <- function(d) if(missing(d)) options("digits")$dig else options(digits=as.integer(d)) DIG(7)#-- the default; just to make sure ... options(width = 200) n1 <- 2^(4*1:7) i1 <- as.integer(n1) v1 <- 2^c(-12, 2*(-4:-2),3,6,9) v2 <- v1^(63/64) ## avoid ending in `5' as printing then depends on rounding of ## the run-time (and not all round to even). v1[1:4] <-c(2.44140624e-04, 3.90624e-03, 1.5624e-02, 6.24e-02) v3 <- pi*100^(-1:3) v4 <- (0:2)/1000 + 1e-10 #-- tougher one digs1 <- c(1,2*(1:5),11:15) # 16: platform dependent # 30 gives ERROR : options(digits=30) digs2 <- c(1:20)#,30) gives 'error' in R: ``print.default(): invalid digits..'' all(i1 == n1)# TRUE i1# prints nicely n1# did not; does now (same as 'i1') round (v3, 3)#S+ & R 0.49: ##[1] 0.031 3.142 314.159 31415.927 3141592.654 signif(v3, 3) ##R.49: [1] 0.0314 3.1400 314.0000 31400.0000 3140000.0000 ##S+ [1] 3.14e-02 3.14e+00 3.14e+02 3.14e+04 3.14e+06 ###---------------------------------------------------------------- ##- Date: Tue, 20 May 97 17:11:18 +0200 ##- From: Martin Maechler ##- To: R-devel@stat.math.ethz.ch ##- Subject: R-alpha: print 'problems': print(2^30, digits=12); comments at start of function() ##- ##- Both of these bugs are not a real harm, ##- however, they have been annoying me for too long ... ;-) ##- ##- 1) print (2^30, digits = 12) #- WAS exponential form, unnecessarily -- now ok formatC(2^30, digits = 12) #- shows you what you'd want above ## S and R are now the same here; note that the problem also affects ## paste(.) & format(.) : DIG(10); paste(n1); DIG(7) ## Assignment to .Options$digits: Does NOT work for print() nor cat() for(i in digs1) { .Options$digits <- i; cat(i,":"); print (v1[-1]) } ## using options() *does* things for(i in digs1) { DIG(i); cat(i,":"); print (v3) } for(i in digs1) { DIG(i); cat(i,":", formatC(v3, digits=i, width=8),"\n") } ## R-0.50: switches to NON-exp at 14, but should only at 15... ## R-0.61++: doesn' switch at all (or at 20 only) ## S-plus: does not switch at all.. for(i in digs1) { cat(i,":"); print(v1, digits=i) } ## R 0.50-a1: switches at 10 inst. 11 for(i in digs1) { cat(i,":"); print(v1[-1], digits=i) } for(i in digs1) { DIG(i); cat(i,":", formatC(v2, digits=i, width=8),"\n") } for(i in digs1) { cat(i,":"); print(v2, digits=i) } #-- exponential all thru ## ^^^^^ digs2 (>= 18: PLATFORM dependent !! for(i in digs1) { cat(i,":", formatC(v2, digits=i, width=8),"\n") } DIG(7)#-- the default; just to make sure ... N1 <- 10; N2 <- 7; n <- 8 x <- 0:N1 Mhyp <- rbind(phyper(x, N1, N2, n), dhyper(x, N1, N2, n)) Mhyp ##- [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] ##- [1,] 0 0.0004113534 0.01336898 0.117030 0.4193747 0.7821884 0.9635952 ##- [2,] 0 0.0004113534 0.01295763 0.103661 0.3023447 0.3628137 0.1814068 ##- [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] ##- [1,] 0.99814891 1.00000000 1 1 ##- [2,] 0.03455368 0.00185109 0 0 m11 <- c(-1,1) Mm <- pi*outer(m11, 10^(-5:5)) Mm <- cbind(Mm, outer(m11, 10^-(5:1))) Mm do.p <- TRUE do.p <- FALSE for(di in 1:10) { options(digits=di) cat(if(do.p)"\n",formatC(di,w=2),":", format.info(Mm),"\n") if(do.p)print(Mm) } ##-- R-0.49 (4/1997) R-0.50-a1 (7.7.97) ##- 1 : 13 5 0 1 : 6 0 1 ##- 2 : 8 1 1 = 2 : 8 1 1 ##- 3 : 9 2 1 = 3 : 9 2 1 ##- 4 : 10 3 1 = 4 : 10 3 1 ##- 5 : 11 4 1 = 5 : 11 4 1 ##- 6 : 12 5 1 = 6 : 12 5 1 ##- 7 : 13 6 1 = 7 : 13 6 1 ##- 8 : 14 7 1 = 8 : 14 7 1 ##- 9 : 15 8 1 = 9 : 15 8 1 ##- 10 : 16 9 1 = 10 : 16 9 1 ##-- Ok now, everywhere for(d in 1:9) {cat(d,":"); print(v4, digits=d) } DIG(7) ###------------ Very big and very small umach <- unlist(.Machine)[paste("double.x", c("min","max"), sep='')] xmin <- umach[1] xmax <- umach[2] tx <- unique(outer(-1:1,c(.1,1e-3,1e-7)))# 7 values (out of 9) tx <- unique(sort(c(outer(umach,1+tx))))# 11 values (out of 14) tx <- tx[is.finite(tx)] #-- all kept (txp <- tx[tx >= 1])#-- Positive exponent -- 4 values (txn <- tx[tx < 1])#-- Negative exponent -- 7 values c(0.099999994, 0.2) # 0.1 0.2 , not 0.10 0.20 (z <- sort(c(outer(range(txn), 8^c(0,2:3))))) outer(z, 0:6, signif) # had NaN's till 1.1.1 olddig <- options(digits=14) # RH6.0 fails at 15 z <- 1.234567891234567e27 for(dig in 1:14) cat(formatC(dig,w=2), format(z, digits=dig), signif(z, digits=dig), "\n") options(olddig) # The following are tests of printf inside formatC ##------ Use Emacs screen width 134 ; Courier 12 ---- # cat("dig| formatC(txp, d=dig)\n") # for(dig in 1:17)# about >= 18 is platform dependent [libc's printf()..]. # cat(formatC(dig,w=2), formatC(txp, dig=dig, wid=-29),"\n") # cat("signif() behavior\n~~~~~~~~\n", # "dig| formatC(signif(txp, dig=dig), dig = dig\n") # for(dig in 1:15)# # cat(formatC(dig,w=2), formatC(signif(txp, d=dig), dig=dig, wid=-26),"\n") # if(opt.conformance >= 1) { # noquote(cbind(formatC(txp, dig = 22))) # } # cat("dig| formatC(signif(txn, d = dig), dig=dig\n") # for(dig in 1:15)# # cat(formatC(dig,w=2), formatC(signif(txn, d=dig), dig=dig, wid=-20),"\n") # ##-- Testing 'print' / digits : # for(dig in 1:13) { ## 12:13: libc-2.0.7 diff; 14:18 --- PLATFORM-dependent !!! # cat("dig=",formatC(dig,w=2),": "); print(signif(txp, d=dig),dig=dig+1) # } ##-- Wrong alignment when printing character matrices with quote = FALSE m1 <- matrix(letters[1:24],6,4) m1 noquote(m1) ##--- Complex matrices and named vectors : x0 <- x <- c(1+1i, 1.2 + 10i) names(x) <- c("a","b") x (xx <- rbind(x, 2*x)) rbind(x0, 2*x0) x[4:6] <- c(Inf,Inf*c(-1,1i)) x + pi matrix(x + pi, 2) matrix(x + 1i*pi, 3) xx + pi t(cbind(xx, xx+ 1i*c(1,pi))) #--- format checks after incorrect changes in Nov 2000 zz <- data.frame("(row names)" = c("aaaaa", "b"), check.names = FALSE) format(zz) format(zz, justify = "left") zz <- data.frame(a = I("abc"), b = I("def\"gh")) format(zz) # test format.data.frame on former AsIs's. RNGversion("1.6.2") set.seed(321) dd <- data.frame(x = 1:5, y = rnorm(5), z = c(1, 2, NA, 4, 5)) model <- glm(y ~ x, data = dd, subset = 1:4, na.action = na.omit) expand.model.frame(model, "z", na.expand = FALSE) expand.model.frame(model, "z", na.expand = TRUE)