COPYRIGHT STATUS The bulk of this code is copyright by members of or all of the R Core Team. ('The R Core Team' in copyright statements in individual files refers to some or all of the team.) See the file COPYING for the exact conditions under which you may redistribute it. R as a whole is distributed under GPL version 2 or 3: most source files contain a copyright statement allowing use of that file under GPL version 2 or later: the main exceptions are the included versions of packages 'MASS', 'class', 'nnet', 'rpart' and 'spatial' (GPL-2 or GPL-3). The status of files used only in the Windows port is in file src/gnuwin32/COPYRIGHTS.win, which is appended to this file in binary Windows distributions. Note that almost all the code *is* copyright and may only be reproduced if the copyright notice (that in the file or this notice) is preserved. The status of the included EISPACK and LINPACK routines is unclear: they are said to be in the public domain in the USA. --------------------------------------------------- Some (but not all) of the public header files are distributed under the more permissive terms of version 2.1 or later of the LGPL: see files R_HOME/share/licenses/LGPL-2.1 and R_HOME/share/licenses/LGPL-3. This applies only to the header files src/include/R.h src/include/Rdefines.h src/include/Rgraphics.h src/include/Rinternals.h src/include/Rmath.h src/include/S.h src/include/R_ext/*.h Note that it does not apply to the header files such as Rembedded.h and Rinterface.h used for third-party front ends. From the announcement of the change (2001-Feb-05) It came to our attention that some projects are interpreting GPL to mean that compiling against the header files or linking against a Windows import library brings the compiled code under the scope of GPL. This would mean it would be impossible to distribute binary versions of non-GPL packages with compiled code which called entry points in the R executable or DLL, of which there are many on CRAN. We encourage packages to be distributed under Open Source conditions, but accept that this is not possible for some contributions. Our intention is that export files and import libraries be 'accessors' under clause 5 of the LGPL, so that in most cases no (additional) restrictions are imposed by compiling a package using the LGPL-ed components of R. To avoid any anomalies, the versions of the same files in R versions 1.0.0 to 1.2.1 may also be used under LGPL or GPL. As from R 2.3.0 import libraries are no longer used under Windows, and as from R 2.4.0 fewer export files are used under AIX. Some contributed files are also covered by the Library General Public License. These include (see also below) src/library/stats/R/embed.R src/library/stats/src/PPsum.c --------------------------------------------------- Some of the code contains different copyright statements. It is used here in accordance with the copyright conditions in that code. A not-necessarily-complete list of such files is: src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/*___.afm Copyright (c) 1984 to 1992 Adobe Systems Incorporated. src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/MustRead.html src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Courier*.afm src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Helvetica*.afm src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Times*.afm src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/Symbol.afm src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/ZapfDingbats.afm Copyright (c) 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/*l.afm Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/CM_*.afm src/library/grDevices/inst/afm/cm*.afm are derived from afms which are copyright by the American Mathematical Society, but 'the AMS does require that the AMS copyright notice be removed from any derivative versions of the fonts which have been altered in any way'. doc/manual/R-intro.texi in part Copyright (C) 1990 W. N. Venables Copyright (C) 1992 W. N. Venables & D. M. Smith Copyright (C) 1997 R. Gentleman & R. Ihaka Copyright (C) 1997, 1998 M. Maechler shares/licenses/* See the individual files. share/texmf/bibtex/bst/jss.bst Copyright 1994-2005 Patrick W Daly share/texmf/tex/latex/jss.cls Copyright: (C) Achim Zeileis share/texmf/tex/latex/upquote.sty Copyright 2000 Michael A. Covington. Copyright 2003 Michael A. Covington, Frank Mittelbach. src/library/graphics/R/mosaicplot.R Original code copyright (C) 1998 John W. Emerson src/library/graphics/R/pairs.R In part, Copyright 1999 Dr. Jens Oehlschlaegel-Akiyoshi src/library/graphics/R/polygon.R Copyright (C) 2001 by Kevin Buhr src/library/splines/R/splineClasses.R Copyright (C) 1998 Douglas M. Bates and William N. Venables. src/library/datasets/man/austres.Rd src/library/datasets/man/beavers.Rd src/library/datasets/man/lh.Rd src/library/datasets/man/rock.Rd src/library/datasets/man/UKLungDeaths.Rd src/library/datasets/man/USAccDeaths.Rd src/library/stats/R/add.R src/library/stats/R/bandwidths.R src/library/stats/R/confint.R src/library/stats/R/cpgram.R src/library/stats/R/spectrum.R src/library/stats/R/vcov.R src/library/stats/src//bandwidths.c src/appl/maxcol.c Copyright (C) various dates W. N. Venables and B. D. Ripley src/appl/interv.c : moved to API from code originally in src/library/stats/src/bvalue.f, see src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.modreg src/library/stats: See the files src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.modreg and src/library/stats/COPYRIGHTS.portsrc for further details src/library/stats/R/diffinv.R src/library/stats/R/embed.R src/library/stats/R/kernel.R src/library/stats/src/PPsum.c Copyright (C) 1997-1999 Adrian Trapletti src/library/stats/R/nls.R In part, Copyright 1999-1999 Saikat DebRoy src/library/stats/R/nlsFunc.R src/library/stats/R/selfStart.R src/library/stats/R/zzModels.R Copyright 1997,1999 Jose C. Pinheiro, Douglas M. Bates src/library/stats/R/runmed.R src/library/stats/src/Trunmed.c In part Copyright (C) 1995 Berwin A. Turlach src/library/stats/src/loessc.c src/library/stats/src/loessf.f In part Copyright (c) 1989, 1992 by AT&T src/library/stats/R/spline.R In part, Copyright (C) 2002 Simon N. Wood src/library/tcltk/exec/{hierarchy,util*,widget}.tcl Copyright (c) various dates Jeffrey Hobbs src/modules/X11/rotated.[ch] Copyright (c) 1993 Alan Richardson src/appl/loglin.c src/library/stats/src/chisqsim.c src/library/stats/src/nscor.c src/library/stats/src/prho.c src/library/stats/src/swilk.c src/library/stats/src/kmns.f src/library/stats/src/starma.c src/nmath/pnbeta.c src/nmath/pnchisq.c src/nmath/pnt.c src/nmath/qbeta.c src/nmath/qgamma.c src/nmath/qnorm.c src/nmath/qtukey.c are based in whole or in part on Applied Statistics algorithms (C) Royal Statistical Society src/nmath/stirlerr.c src/nmath/dbinom.c src/nmath/dpois.c are partly based on Catherine/Clive Loader's (1999) work, (C) 1999-2000 Lucent Technologies, Bell Laboratories. src/main/RNG.c The Mersenne-Twister part is Copyright (C) 1997, 1999 Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura. src/main/xspline.c * Copyright (c) 1985-1988 by Supoj Sutanthavibul * Parts Copyright (c) 1989-2002 by Brian V. Smith * Parts Copyright (c) 1991 by Paul King * Parts Copyright (c) 1992 by James Tough * Parts Copyright (c) 1998 by Georg Stemmer * Parts Copyright (c) 1995 by C. Blanc and C. 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The LAPACK README says It is freely-available software, and is copyrighted. but no copyright statements appear in the sources. src/extra/xdr/* Copyright (undated) Sun Microsystems, Inc. See the file src/extra/xdr/copyrght.txt src/extra/zlib/README, *.c, *.h Taken from zlib-1.2.7 (C) 1995-2012 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler See src/extra/zlib/README for the licence. src/main/connections.c, src/main/gzio.h Contain code derived from the zlib 1.2.3 distribution (C) 1995-2005 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler src/main/dounzip.c, unzip.h Contain code Copyright (C) 1998-2010 Gilles Vollant from contrib/minizip in the zlib 1.2.3 distribution with updates taken from 1.2.5. src/extra/pcre/LICENCE src/extra/pcre/*.[ch] src/main/valid_utf8.h Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge All rights reserved. Copyright(c) 2009-2012 Zoltan Herczeg See file src/extra/pcre/LICENCE. 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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. src/extra/bzip2/LICENSE src/extra/bzip2/blocksort.c src/extra/bzip2/bzlib.c src/extra/bzip2/bzlib.h src/extra/bzip2/bzlib_private.h src/extra/bzip2/compress.c src/extra/bzip2/crctable.c src/extra/bzip2/decompress.c src/extra/bzip2/huffman.c src/extra/bzip2/randtable.c copyright (C) 1996-2010 Julian R Seward. src/extra/tre/LICENSE src/extra/tre/*.[ch] Copyright (c) 2001-2009 Ville Laurikari All rights reserved. From tre-0.8.0 (http://laurikari.net/tre/). 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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. src/library/tools/src/md5.[ch] Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. src/extra/intl/* Based on gettextize from gettext 0.17 Copyright (C) various dates Free Software Foundation, Inc. Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License version 2 or later. src/include/memcheck.h src/include/valgrind.h From valgrind, Copyright (C) 2000-2005 Julian Seward. All rights reserved. src/main/mkdtemp.c From glibc via http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnulib/2003-02/msg00019.html Copyright (C) 1999, 2001-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License version 2 or later. src/main/Rstrptime.h Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Distributed under the GNU Library General Public License version 2 or later. po/*.po src/library/*/po/*.po Some of the translations are (C) the translator as marked in the files. 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Some of the files in src/appl were originally taken from the Netlib archive now at www.netlib.org and do not clearly state their authorship, let alone copyright status. src/appl/eigen.f is part of EISPACK: it says 'Questions and comments should be directed to Burton S. Garbow' but the original authors (in ALGOL) appear to be Bowdler, Martin, Parlett, Peters, Reinsch and Wilkinson src/appl/{dchdc,dpfa,dpbsl,dpoco,dpodi,dpofa,dposl,dqrdc, dqrsl,dsvdc,dtrco,dtrsl}.f are part of LINPACK, with authors J.J. Dongarra, Cleve Moler and G.W. Stewart