Windows-specific changes to R ============================= See the file NEWS for changes that affect all versions of R. rw1062 ====== New functions read/writeClipboard() to read from or write to the clipboard. Hitting the key q (or Q) with an internal pager window in focus will close the pager. Source packages with a DESCRIPTION file with an incomplete last line are now repaired. Rcmd INSTALL tries to find canonical paths to make the check for not installing on top of the source more foolprof. The output when building R or source packages is much quieter. Warnings are printed if a loaded DLL changes the floating point control word: see ?dyn.load for the details. Changed Windows README to README.rw1062, included standard README and RESOURCES file in binary distribution. Printing and copying from the menu of a graphics device now preserve the active graphics device. Fixed a crash that occurred when an attempt was made to view a file in the pager but the file could not be opened (e.g. because another application had it opened with exclusive access). rw1061 ====== Changed titles on help windows so topic name shows when minimized. Dependencies were not being generated properly in packages using C++. share/R/firstlib.R was not being included in the binary distribution. rw1060 ====== The installer program name has changed from SetupR.exe to rw1060.exe. The miniR distribution has grown to eight floppies, and the zip files are no longer distributed on CRAN. The default memory limit has been raised to the smaller of 1Gb and the amount of physical RAM. (See the changes for rw1040 and rw1020 below.) Support for bzip-ed connections has been added to the standard distribution. update.packages() and install.packages() will not try to install a package that is in use (with an informative warning). Using HTML help has changed slightly: in particular help(htmlhelp=TRUE) makes use of the setting of options("browser"). Ctrl-Z in Rgui or Rterm will signal EOF, and so can be used to terminate a read by readLines() or scan(), for example. bmp(), png(), jpeg() and win.metafile() devices can plot multiple pages in separate files. The preferred compiler is gcc-3.1: gcc-2.95.3 can still be used but up-to-date header files are needed. Making packages containing source code automagically makes dependency information for C and C++ code: this is useful when experimenting with packages, and especially for the packages which ship with R. rw1051 ====== file.rename() (which is by default used when saving workspaces) now uses Windows API rather than ISO C functions. This works around a reported problem with Windows thinking a file was in use, and on NT/2000/XP machines makes renaming an atomic operation (rather than delete followed by move). Bulding the standalone Rmath.dll was not making the import library libRmath.a. We may have been able to track down (to the isprint routine) the cause of the FAQ Q2.14 about crashes caused by non-ASCII characters, and hence to circumvent it. File | Print on the menu of a windows() graphics device was not working. The binary distribution could not make packages which needed to link to Rblas.dll. rw1050 ====== There are few new Windows-specific features in this release: it has been tuned to work better with Windows XP and a number of workarounds added. win.print() allows a printer to be specified. help.start(browser=) is now supported: this may be useful if the default browser does not support the Java-based search engine. Very small circles are now forced to be visible: not all Windows versions would display them. Transparency in png() is now supported on `High Color' (16-bit) screens. Changing plot resize type via the menu now works better for the current plot (which is immediately redrawn). BLAS support is now in a separate DLL, Rblas.dll. This means that packages using BLAS (KernSmooth, Matrix, bqtl, fracdiff, gss, odesolve, quadprog, quantreg and subselect amongst those on CRAN) need to be re-built. The advantage is that less space is taken up overall, and ATLAS can be used just by rebuilding Rblas.dll. The installers now use bzip2 compression, so make smaller packages. Cross-building automatically uses STAMP=NO for packages. R and packages can now be built in a directory whose path contains spaces (although we still don't recommend it). If a package contains a script `configure.win' it will be run at the start of installation. Rcmd INSTALL and make pkg-foo test for attempted installation into the source directory. All the configuration options are now in file MkRules. Unzipping is now handled by internal code based on zlib: unzip.dll is no longer required. Launching HTML files from the menus was not working with Netscape 6.2.x, so a workaround has been provided. Rgui.exe.manifest has been added to get XP-style widgets on Windows XP. Some logical colour names have been changed to get consistent colour schemes on Windows XP. The books in the contents of CHTML for packages were not being sorted correctly. The floating-point control setting has been changed to use 64-bit rather than 53-bit mantissas, which will result in slightly different but generally more accurate results. rw1041 ====== Updating HTML indices, e.g. in help.start(), is done within a try() construct. help.start() has a new argument `update'. Making packages now warns if there is a configure script. ga.h was needed for building package `windlgs', but was omitted from the `source package' code for rw1040. It is now included. Rcmd check was failing on Windows 9X, because additions in 1.4.0 were not using Rsystem(). rw1040 ====== If --max-mem-size is given a value greater than 256M, the requested maximum memory is reserved (but not allocated) initially. This will enable the memory to be managed more efficiently, but does increase the chance that R cannot be started. There appears to be an effective limit of about 1700M, at least under Windows 2000. memory.limit() can now increase the memory limit of the current session. This will not work if the limit is currently reached! internet2.dll (see changes for rw1030) must be selected by the --internet2 flag. The miniR* distribution has grown to seven floppies, and no attempt is now made to confine the zip files to floppy-size. The background colour of a windows() window (outside the device region) is now in the `Application Background' colour of the current Windows colour scheme. (It used to be LightGrey.) Gamma correction is now applied to the background colour of a graphics window. (It has long been applied to the foreground colours.) Users of LCD screens may want to set something like gamma=2 when launching a graphics window. savePlot() now supports saving to PDF. There is support for transparency in the devga device (which encompasses screen windows, metafiles, printers and the bmp, jpeg and png devices). The default background colour is "transparent" for all but the bitmap devices: this means that backgrounds are omitted when plotting to/saving to most devices, and the colour that is visible is that of the canvas (see below). The png() device does support transparent backgrounds, but this is not accessible through the menus nor the savePlot() function. The canvas colour of a windows() window can now be specified. This is is gamma-corrected, and defaults to "white". There is a print method for saved plot histories, and individual plots can be replayed from the command line by subsetting a plot history variable. The menus use `...' to indicate that they lead to a dialog box. There is a new menu item `Edit | Data editor...' to edit (via fix()) R objects, especially data frames and matrices. The console pop-up was checking the wrong item for `Buffered output'. Plot histories are saved in a different format: those from earlier versions of R cannot be played back and will be reported as corrupted. Installing a package now first removes the data and demo directories if they exist. Building under (repaired) Cygwin -mno-cygwin environments is no longer supported. You probably do need the compiler system recommended for rw1031 or later. globalvar.h is no longer used: the header files now declare imported variables. This make it essential to use the R header files rather than copying entries from them. A bug in some linkers in linking against ATLAS has been circumvented. There is now a bigger benefit in using ATLAS: on a PII with a 1000x1000 matrix, svd took 288 sec and La.svd 182 sec (without ATLAS) and 59 sec (with); eigen took 163 sec and La.eigen 53 sec (without) and 24 sec (with). rw1031 ====== Lines with lty > 1 and many pieces were being drawn very slowly on Windows 2000 (but not 98/ME). To work around this, such lines are now drawn 5000 pieces at a time. The dialog for the `Change dir' item now uses a standard folder selection widget for its Browse button. White backgrounds are now omitted for metafiles (as they are for postscript, PDF and XFig plots), so white backgounds (the default) appear to be transparent. help.start() now updates the HTML search index (as well as the packages index) when it is started up. link.html.help() works better when R_LIBS omits the drive, and uses relative links for the main library, so R installations can be relocated in the file system. The background colour of the GUI preferences editor and the select.list() popup is now taken from the Windows colour scheme. Rcmd INSTALL now rejects invalid options for --docs (rather than ignoring them), and checks for the R version in the DESCRIPTION file exactly the same way as Rcmd check (so with fewer spurious messages). Added support for building with the ATLAS optimized BLAS library: on a PII this speeds up La.svd on a 500x500 matrix by about 30%, and the multiplication of two 1000x1000 matrices by about 8x. See INSTALL. The recommended compiler system has been changed, but that recommended for rw1030 still works. rw1030 ====== SetupR.exe and miniR* now include the nine `recommended' packages, so the miniR* distribution needs six floppies rather than four. Rgui has a new menu `Packages' with items to load packages, to install packages from CRAN or from local zip files, and to update packages. The packages list shown by help.start() now includes all packages in all libraries, but the search index is still confined to the system library. The installers set up a file association for *.RData files, so double-clicking on a *.RData file launches R in that directory and loads the *.RData file. Also, a *.RData file can be dropped onto a shortcut to Rgui (or Rterm) on the desktop or in Windows Explorer. Drag-and-drop of images (.RData and .rda) and source files (.R) onto the Rgui.exe console window is now supported. Profiling (as described in `Writing R Extensions') is now available. There is a new `Save as PDF' option on the graphics device menu. bringToTop() can specify the console window in Rgui (as -1). The default graphics device is now windows() only in interactive use: otherwise it is postscript(). (This affects the DCOM interface, which is not interactive use.) Support for earlier (pre-Feb 2000) mingw compilers has been dropped: you must use a compiler system that supports --shared and has an in-memory dlltool. Rcmd check has been changed to be more robust to reported problems with Perl's system() command under 16-bit versions of Windows. It now works for us under Windows 98. (It has always worked under NT4 and 2000.) Rcmd SHLIB no longer adds a version tab to the DLL, as this seemed to cause some people problems under Windows 95/98/ME. The correct file version information should now appear on Windows 2000 Version tab under Properties (working around a Windows 2000 bug). rwinst.exe is no longer part of the distribution: use the newer installers to install R, and the Packages menu in Rgui.exe to install pre-compiled packages, or use an external unzip program. The old-style Windows help is no longer part of the standard distribution, but can be made from the sources. It is no longer tested. Make targets such as test-Reg have been moved to directory rw1030\tests. The default internet module modules\internet.dll is built using basic WinSock calls. There is an alternative modules\internet2.dll which uses WinInet calls (and so needs Internet Explorer installed) which can be used as a replacement. (Remove modules\internet.dll and then rename modules\internet2.dll to modules\internet.dll.) rw1023 ====== Alternative installers based on Inno Setup 2.0.x, either SetupR.exe or miniR* (which fits on four floppies). The location of R_HOME and the version can optionally be recorded in the Registry (and will be used by the DCOM interface). The Inno Setup installers register the installation, and unregister on uninstallation. rwinst.exe has an option to register. Program rw1023\bin\RSetReg.exe will register, and rw1023\bin\RSetReg.exe /U will unregister. The windows() device no longer rounds width and height to the nearest inch. You can override the settings Windows reports for pixels per inch (sometimes it is seriously adrift). See ?windows. File `extract-usage' needed for codoc was missing from rw1022sp.zip. The default memory limit (as reset by --max-mem-size) is set to at least 16Mb, to allow R to start on machines with 8Mb of RAM. link.html.help() has been re-written using connections and so is several times faster. Rcmd INSTALL now allows Windows-style paths to a tar file. rproxy.dll is now built for StatConnector version 0.99: earlier versions are no longer supported. A Windows-specific bug in bitmap() which caused output to appear twice has been fixed. Rcmd check now stops when package-specific tests fail (not just reports on the console). rw1022 ====== The long-running saga of importing R metafiles into Word is over; lines are now visible in screen previews in Word. It was necessary to use `geometric' rather than `cosmetic' pens to achieve scalable line widths in metafiles: Word was failing to show lines drawn with `cosmetic' pens. bringToTop() now works with MDI child windows as well as SDI windows. Rcmd build/check use a different check for a directory, to work around a bug in (some versions of) Windows Perl. The datetime code has been modified to work around a problem reported on a Win98 machine which caused times to be reported in GMT. (This seems a bug in a particular version of msvcrt.dll and few machines were affected.) A side-effect of the changes is that the timezone names reported are usually more sensible (but sometimes less). File etc/Makeconf-tests was missing from rw102Xsp.zip. Rcmd SHLIB now supports compilation from C++ sources. Rterm now saves and resets the console window title. On Win2k, system(intern=TRUE) was failing to reset stderr to the console. rw1021 ====== Pipe connections now work under RGui and embedded R.dll, although slower than under Rterm, and as they run with no stdin or stdout to inherit what you can do with them is limited. They work better for reading than writing. The installer will no longer crash trying to install addons with a long PATH and R_HOME not set. Similarly, Rcmd accepts long paths. Using Rcmd INSTALL with an incorrect path specification ending in \ no longer runs amok. Internal pager no longer fails when given a file of one line and no line ending. Hyperlinks to other packages in CHTML files launched by help() will now work irrespective of the working directory (but like HTML, only to packages in the same library). The .chm files do need to be re-built under this version. help(, winhelp=TRUE) will now find alias topics as well as main items. Hitting the total memory allocation limit set by --max-mem-size will give a warning (and will usually also lead to an error, and that may suppress printing out the warning). There is a new make target test-Reg to run the regression tests (which now do I/0, so might give different results on Windows). Rcmd build with the latest tar.exe will exclude files as intended. There are further improvements in the GUI console receiving output (e.g. from tcltk interactive functions) during input. If you can, arrange to send output in a single piece, or at least a whole line at a time (although partial lines will now work). For example, don't use print() but capture the output in a text connection and use something like cat(paste(outlines, "", collapse="\n)) to output a single string. The initial rescaling is no longer done for windows(rescale="fixed"), and the scrollbars in that mode are more responsive but move the viewport 20 pixels at a time. rw1020 ====== This version has been compiled against msvcrt.dll not crtdll.dll. This gives small speed increases and generally more accurate results. Packages compiled against crtdll.dll will still work (as far as we are aware), but for best results should be re-compiled. (A few packages need to be re-compiled for 1.2.0 on all platforms, and any that used malloc directly need to be recompiled on this one.) This release has a number of changes to bring its behaviour closer to that of Unix versions of R. - The default font for graphics on windows(), win.printer() and win.metafile() devices is now Arial: the font numbers for the Times New Roman and Arial families have been interchanged. - The history is only saved when the workspace is (to be compatible with Unix versions of R) and whether it is restored is controlled by option --no-restore-history (implied by --no-restore and --vanilla): the default remains to restore. - Environment variables R_HISTFILE and R_HISTSIZE can be set to specify the name of the commands history file (default .Rhistory) and its maximum size (in lines, default 512). - More locale support is now enabled where supported by the version of Windows in use. It means that sorting and comparison of character strings will be locale-specific. You may not want this (the sort order in `English_United Kingdom' is aAbB..., for example) and setting Sys.setlocale("LC_COLLATE", "C") should give the previous behaviour. Further, users of Windows 9x/ME should be able to use their native character set for the names of R objects (as NT/2000 users always have: this is caused by the change to msvcrt.dll). (For the benefit of those used to Unix, LC_ALL can be set in the environment, although this is not usually supported by Windows, and setting individual LC_* such as LC_COLLATE will also work.) - It is possible to make DVI and HTML versions of the manuals: see file INSTALL in the source distribution. - New utility Rcmd.exe to emulate R CMD : see below. - unlink() now works the same way on Windows and Unix. Thus on Windows it no longer deletes empty directories, but has a new argument recursive=TRUE to delete directories (empty or not). - The startup code looks for .Renviron, a file pointed to by environment variable R_ENVIRON and then .Renviron in the home directory. This file can contain lines of the forms NAME=value and NAME=${NAME1-value} to take the value of NAME1 if set (and not empty), otherwise `value'. - make check no longer makes R, just runs the tests (as make test always has). Tests are run in the C locale. Gui changes ----------- - There are new console menu items `Load History' on the File menu and `Clear console' on the Edit menu. (The current line is not cleared.) - The menu items `Load/Save Image' are now called `Load/Save Workspace'. - The Print menu item on the File menu of a console or pager now prints the selection if there is one, and the whole (saved) contents otherwise. - There is a new `Save to File' item on the File menu of a console or pager which saves the selection if there is one, and the whole (saved) contents otherwise. - The Rgui console now uses the same history mechanism as Rterm. The history limit is now just on the number of lines (rather than on the number of lines and the total size). The mechanism has been altered so that Rterm records repeated lines (as Rgui always did). - There are some additional command-line editing commands in Rgui: see the Help | Console information screen. (There is also one addition, ^W, in Rterm: see README.rterm.) - Selection works slightly differently: if the selection extends beyond the last character on the line the (invisible) CRLF is made part of the selection, but not if only up to the last character is selected. - The data editor is no longer modal (which seems not to have worked properly in the GraphApp toolkit) and this allows its popups to be modal. - The size of the console scroll buffer can be set in file Rconsole, and resized (upwards) via the GUI preferences editor. - The GUI console copes much better with receiving output (e.g. from tcltk interactive functions) during input. New utilities for preparing packages ------------------------------------ There are several new utilities in the rw1020sp.zip distribution. The utilities Rd2dvi.sh Rd2txt Rdconv Rdindex Sd2Rd are no longer batch files but accessed through a new front-end Rcmd.exe, so if this is in your path (otherwise use ...\rw1020\bin\Rcmd) you can use Rcmd Rd2dvi.sh [options] files Rcmd Rd2txt file Rcmd Rdconv [options] file Rcmd Rdindex [options] files Rcmd Sd2Rd [options] file There are new utilities INSTALL, REMOVE, SHLIB which can be used to install a source package, remove a package and make a DLL, and implementations of the Unix R utilities BATCH, build and check. Invoke these by Rcmd INSTALL [options] pkgdir(s) Rcmd REMOVE [options] pkg(s) Rcmd SHLIB [options] file(s) Rcmd build [options] pkgdir(s) Rcmd check [options] pkgdir(s) Rcmd BATCH [options] infile [outfile] Use option --help with any of these for fuller details. The default for options("papersize") is set according to the locale, and so might be set to "letter" under US or Canadian versions of Windows. Rterm in interactive use sets the title of the window it is running in, and unsets it when it terminates. The Windows memory manager proved to be (far) too slow to work with the new generational garbage collector, so it has been replaced. The current memory manager rarely releases memory back to Windows (but reuses memory very efficiently) so total memory usage will often grow slowly over the course of a session. Memory used for transient large objects will normally be returned at garbage collection. (Once memory usage has gone over the 256Mb of address space that is initially reserved, it is unlikely to be reduced much, but the allocated memory will be reused.) You can compile R to use the Windows memory manager if you need to. New function memory.size() showing the amount of memory currently in use or the maximum that has been used. New command-line option --max-mem-size to set the maximum memory allocation: it has a minimum allowed value of 10M. This is intended to catch attempts to allocate excessive amounts of memory which may cause other processes to run out of resources. The default is the smaller of the amount of physical RAM in the machine and 256Mb. DLLs for packages (including standard packages supplied with R) automatically gain version information when compiled under this version. (Use the Version tab on the Properties dialog box to see it, or the new function DLL.version() within R.) Windows (.hlp) help files now have hyperlinks to other objects within the same package. The windows() graphics device has a new argument `record' to set the initial state of the recording flag, and this defaults to the setting of the option "graphics.record" (and that defaults to FALSE). The windows() graphics device has new options for what happens when it is resized, which can be set from the command line of from the menu. See ?windows for details. New function bringToTop() to bring a graphics window to the top of the windows stack (useful from menu actions, ...). If the options setting for a pager or editor (or the editor argument to edit.default) is a path containing a space, it is automatically quoted if not already quoted. The range of allowed text sizes in a windows/win.print device has been increased, so smaller values of cex will work. (The smallest allowed text size is 2pt not 8pt.) Interactive use of Rterm.exe on Windows 2000 systems is now possible (including under ESS). Better rendering of wide (lwd > 1) and dashed (lty != "solid") lines on the windows/win.print device. The installer rwinst.exe when first asked to install a package tries to find a current installation of R, first from R_HOME if set in the environment, then from the PATH (it looks for ...\rw1020\bin). make pkgcheck-foo will unzip zipped example files if needed. rw1011 ====== New file README.Rterm providing basic documentation on Rterm.exe. undoc() is now available under Windows. There is a new script R_HOME/bin/build.sh, a version of R CMD build. You will need R_HOME set as an environment variable to use it, and you will need the full set of tools from tools.zip (see readme.packages) in your path. The batch wrappers to Perl files Rdconv.bat Rdindex.bat Rd2txt.bat Sd2Rd.bat have been revised to work on more Perl/OS versions. Setting cell widths from the menu in the data editor now works reliably. Having an empty line at the beginning of .Rhistory no longer breaks the history-recall mechanism in Rgui. Characters using the AltGr key now work in interactive use of Rterm. (AltGr used to work like Alt.) Ctrl+V now works as described in a pager (pasting to the console). Other versions of Tcl/Tk may be used by setting TCL_VERSION in MkRules (but only 8.31 and 8.32 have been tested). A file Makevars.win in the src directory of a package will be used in preference to a file Makevars. The Makefiles for packages now allow C++ code (with extension .cc or .cpp or .C) in the src directory. If you use a private library and HTML help, you need to copy R.css from rw1011\library to each private library directory. Function win.version() should give slightly more information (the latest service pack number x.y) on Windows 2000. rw1010 ====== There is now a GUI preferences editor on the Edit menu in Rgui. A data entry editor is now implemented. This is similar to the Unix one (see ?dataentry: that has itself been considerably enhanced in parallel with the Windows version) with the additional features that double-clicking in a cell turns it into an editable field (entered as a new value by navigating away from the cell), and there is a right-click popup menu. Rterm will now load and save the commands history (as Rgui does). There is a new item on the File menu in Rgui to save the commands history at that point in a session, and a new function savehistory() (only applicable in Rgui and Rterm). Colours in Rconsole can be specified as "Windows" and will be taken from the current Windows colour scheme. (The preferences editor will save the actual colour, though.) The placement of multiple pagers is now `random' (so they will not always appear in the exact centre of the screen) and under the MDI interface the pager rows and columns settings are now used. The postscript() device can now spool plots to a printer. You will need a suitable program to send a file to the spooler (or even to send it to ghostscript to interpret PostScript for the printer): the RedMon suite available from http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/rjl.html and GhostScript distribution sites should provide suitable tools. See ?postscript for further details. The new xfig() device can be used, and a port of xfig to Windows (with an X server and the Cygwin B20.1 environment and X11R6.4 installed) is at ftp.franken.de:/pub/win32/develop/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Humblet_Pierre_A/B20 as xfig-3.2.2-cygwin-b20.1-bin.tar.gz. The R DLL and executables now contain standard Windows version information, which will appear on a Version tab of the Properties dialog box in Explorer. The internal unzip and the installer now use unzip5.41, not unzip5.40, and the DLL interface is incompatible. There are changes in the tools needed to build R (see the file INSTALL) and those recommended for building packages from source (see the file readme.packages). New makefile target zipdata-% to zip up data directories in packages. If there is a file `Makefile.win' in a package src directory this will be used rather than MakePkgs (and the tcltk package provides an example). There is an example package `windlgs' in the package sources distribution that shows how to use graphapp to build dialog boxes to be called from menus, with a worked example of a t test done in three ways. More details of graphapp, including a tutorial and a reference manual, are at http://www.cs.usyd.edu.au/~loki/graphapp. Optional support for the Tcl/Tk interface. To use this you need to install tcl831.exe from dev.scriptics.com, and you will need the Tcl and Tk dlls in your path. Also, you need to set the environment variable TCL_LIBRARY, to something like c:/Program Files/Tcl/lib/tcl8.3. The demos(tk*) will work on Windows. The R mathematical functions can now be built as a DLL for use with your own C programs. See src/nmath/standalone/README in the sources. Rdconv.bat no longer depends on having a Unix-compatible `cat' program in your path. A long-standing bug in the (vertical) alignment of symbols in plotmath has been corrected. Pagers should no longer flash when launched. Launching a pager or data editor or graphics window now brings it to the front, even from Rterm.exe. (Not for Tcl/Tk windows, unfortunately.) Failure to load a DLL with dyn.load now gives extended error information. rw1001 ====== The installer, rwinst.exe, now checks for ZIP files as well as zip files, as some browsers manage to map filenames to uppercase. There are batch files Rd2txt.bat Rdconv.bat Rdindex.bat Sd2Rd.bat which are the equivalent of the Unix `R CMD foo' utilities mentioned in `Writing R Extensions'. To use these you must have R_HOME set as an environment variable (using the form P:/R/rw1001). There is also a shell script Rd2dvi.sh which you can use if you have sh.exe (as used to compile packages) and latex etc. The environment variable XDVI sets the previewer, defaulting to xdvi.bat. A file `Makevars' in the `src' directory of a package can be used to add to/override the MakeDll makefile used to make foo.dll, as on Unix. (See `Creating shared libraries', section 3.4 of `Writing R Extensions'.) Under rare conditions (lots of very short input lines) the history buffer could overrun and so cause crashes. This has been possible since rw0623, but first caused reported problems in rw1000 and has now been fixed. Certain HP printer drivers (e.g. the 6/6MP-Postscript driver) reset the FPU and so were causing crashes. This has been circumvented in this version by restoring the settings before and after each page. Building on a non-default drive should be more reliable, as Perl is used to find the current drive. ------------------------------------------------------------------- For changes prior to the release of R 1.0.0 on 29 Feb 2000 see the file CHANGES0 in the source distribution.