outer <- function (X, Y, FUN = "*", ...)
{
    FUN <- match.fun(FUN)
    no.nx <- is.null(nx <- dimnames(X <- as.array(X))); dX <- dim(X)
    no.ny <- is.null(ny <- dimnames(Y <- as.array(Y))); dY <- dim(Y)
    Y <- rep(Y, rep(length(X), length(Y)))
    X <- rep(X, length.out = length(Y))
    robj <- array(FUN(X, Y, ...), c(dX,dY))
    ## no dimnames if both don't have ..
    if(no.nx) nx <- vector("list", length(dX)) else
    if(no.ny) ny <- vector("list", length(dY))
    if(!(no.nx && no.ny))
	dimnames(robj) <- c(nx, ny)
    robj
}

"%o%" <- .Alias(outer)