who <- c( "Aaaaa", "Bbbbb", "Cccc", "Zzzzzzz", "maximum") what <- c("1a","1b","1c","1d","1e","1f","1g", "1h","2a","2b","2c") x <- matrix(0, length(who), length(what), dimnames=list(who,what)) x["maximum",] <- c(5,5,6,4,20,6,16,8,10,10,10) section.7 <- as.grade(x)